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.2.37 


THE    DE    WALDEN    LIBRARY 

SOME  FEUDAL 
LORDS  AND 
THEIR  SEALS 


SOME  i     UDAL  LORDS  AND 

THKIR  SEALS  MCGCJ  WITH 
AN  INTRODUCTION  BY  LORD 
HOWARD  DE  WALDEN 


THE    I        WALD1        LIBRARY 


SOME  FEUDAL  LORDS  AND 

THEIR  SEALS  MCCCJ  WITH 
AN  INTRODUCTION  BY  LORD 
HOWARD  DE  WALDEN 


THE   DE  WALDEN   LIBRARY 


CO 


To  the  Peers  of  Parliament. 

MY  LORDS, 

The  fact  that  a  copy  of  the  Barons'  Letter  to  Pope  Boniface 
in  1301  with  their  seals  was  admitted  in  evidence  before  the  "  Committee 
for  Privileges  "  in  the  recent  claim  to  the  Baronies  of  Fauconberg,  Darcy 
(de  Knayth),  and  Meinill,  has  revived  the  peculiar  interest  attaching  to  this 
ancient  record. 

As  the  majority  of  these  Feudal  Barons  served  with  Edward  the  First 
in  his  later  wars,  the  history  of  their  lives  and  actions  is  in  miniature  the 

history  of  those  times.      Partly  for  this  reason,  and  partly  because  of  the 

\.  _ 
rare  series  of  heraldic  seals  formerly  attached  to  the  letter,  I  have  ventured 

in  all  diffidence  to  put  forth  this    illustrated    historical    account    for   your 
Lordships'  most  generous  consideration. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

HOWARD  DE  WALDEN. 


CONTENTS. 


Barons'  Seals,  "  A  "  Series,  reduced  facsimile 

Dedication— To  the  Peers  of  Parliament 

Introduction 

Papal  Bull  claiming  Sovereignty  over  Scotland 

Barons'  Reply,  "  A  "  Scries,  facsimile 

Barons'  Reply    ... 

Barons' Reply,  "  B  "  Series,  facsimile 

Barons' Seals,  "  B  "  Scries,  reduced  facsimile 

Barons'  Reply,  with  Seals,  "  B  "  Series,  tricked  by  Nicholas  Charles,  Lancaster  Herald, 

26  October  161 1,  facsimile 
The  Wars  across  the  Marches  ...         ...         ...         ...         

Gaveston  and  the  Dcspencers 
Cords  and  Seals,  i  to  26 


Frontispiece 
v 
ix 
xiij 
xvij 
xviij 

XX 


XXI 

xxij 
xxxix 

xliv 
I,  5,  &c. 


\.\MKS  OK  TIM:  BARONS  WHO  JOINKU  IN  THK  REPLY  TO  THK  POPE  : - 


PAGE 

*ap  Adam,  John,  lord  of  Bevcrston     ...         ...  ...            188 

Air.ndel,  Richard,  Karl  of            ...         ...         ...  xxviij,     21 

Bardolf,  Hugh  de,  lord  of  Wormcgay           ...  xxxiv,  141 

Hellocampo,  John  de,  lord  of  Hacche     ...         ...  xxxij,    57 

Kcllocampo,  Walter  de,  lord  of  Alcester        ...  xxxiij,  104 

Berkeley,  Thomas,  lord  of             ...          ...          ...  xxx,     74 

Bigod,  Roger,  Karl  of  Norfolk  and  Marshal..  xxviij,     15 
Holnm,  Humph.,  Karl  of  Hereford  and  Kssex,  and 

Constable  of  England  ...        ...        ...        ...  xxvii,    it 

liotetourlr.  John  de,  lord  of  Mendlesham     ...  xxx,    6l 

Braose,  Will  de,  lord  of  Cower    ...          ...          ...  xxx,    60 

Hreton,  John  le,  lord  of  Sporle          ...         ...  xxxvi,  168 

Cantilupe,  William  de,  lord  of  Kavenahorpe     ...  xxxiij,     95 

Carew,  Nicholas  de,  lord  of  Muleford           ...  xxxi,    97 

Chaworlh,  Thomas  de.  lord  of  Norton    ...         ...  xxxvi,  134 

Clifford,  Rol>ert  de,  Castellan  of  Applel>y     ...  xxxi,    93 

Corbet,  Peter,  tori  of  Caw         xxxi,    75 

*K.ngayne,  John,  lord  of  Colunih         ...         ...  ...            188 

Kyiicourt,  Kdmund  de,  lord  of  Thnrgarton         ...  xxxvi,  142 

Fauconberg,  Walter,  lord  of  ...          ...          ...  xxxvij,  1135 

Ferrers,  Will  de,  lord  of  Groby   ...        ...        ...  xxxij,  113 

Fit/Alan,  Bryan,  lord  of  Bedale          ...          ...  xxxi,     96 

Kit/Henry,  Hugh,  lord  of  Ravensworth  ..         ...  xxxviij,  180 

lit/John,  Mathew,  lord  of  Stokeham            ...  xxxvi,  133 

I'll/Marmaduke,  John,  lord  of  llorden    ...         ...  xxxvij,  167 

Kit/1'ayne,  Robert,  lord  of  I.ammer  ...          ...  xxix,     73 

FitzReginald,  John,  lord  of  Blenlrveny  ...         ...  xxix,    69 

*KiuKoger,  Robert,  lord  of  Clavering            ...  ...            185 

lit/Walter.  Robert,  lord  of  Wodeham    ...         ...  xxx,    49 

Kit/.Warine,  Kulke.  lord  of  Whitington          ...  xxix,    40 

Kit/William,  Ralph,  lord  of  Grimlnorpe...          ...  xxxviij,  175 

Knrnivall,  Thos.  de.  lord  of  Sheffield             ...  xxxvi,  137 

(Irendon,  Ralph,  lord  of                 ...          ...          ...  xxxvi,  130 

<!rey,  1  Icnry  de,  lord  of  Codnor  s     ...          ...  xxxviij,  169 

(Jrey,  Reginald  de,  lord  of  Kuthyn          ...         ...  xxxi,    67 

Greystock,  John  de,  lord  of  Morpeth           ...  xxxviij,  181 

llacche,  Kiistace,  lord  of ...                       ...          ...  xxxiv,  109 

Ilastang,  Kobert,  lord  de  la  Desiree  ..  xxxvij,  161 

Hastings,  Kdmiind  de.  lord  of  Knchimeholmok  ..  xxxi,    35 

Hastings,  John  de,  lord  of  Bergavennv/        ...  xxxi,    37 

Havering,  John  de,  lord  of  Grafton        ...        ...  xxxiij,  101 

Hodleston.  John  de,  lord  of  Aneys    ...         ...  xxx,    59 

Hunten-omlx.',  Walter,  lord  of      ...          ...           .  xxxiv,  149 

Iluntingtield,  Roger  de           xxxviij,  182 

Kingston,  John,  lord                      xxxvij,  159 

Knovill.  Bogo  (Bevis)  de,  lord  of  Whileminster  xxxvij,  139 

Kyme,  1'hilip,  lord  of...          ...          ...          ...  xxxv,  147 

Lam-aster,  Henry,  Karl  of             ...          ...          ...  xxix,     29 

Lam-aster,  Thomas,  Earl  of x\vi,       5 

Lancaster.  John  de,  lord  of  drisedale     ...         ...  xxxviij,  179 

Latimer,  William  le,  lord  of  Corby  ...         ...  xxx,    31 

L' Estrange,  Fnlke,  lord  of  Corsham       ...        ...  xxxvij,  140 


L'Estrange,  John,  of  Knokyn 

I.'Kstrange,  Roger,  of  Kllesmere... 

Ix'yburne,  William,  lord  of    ... 
'Lisle,  John  de,  lord  of  Wodeton  ... 

I.ovel,  |ohn,  lord  of  Docking... 

Marshall,  Will,  lord  of  Hingham,  &c 

Martin,  William,  lord  of  Kemeys 

Mauley,  I'eter  de,  lord  of  Mulgrave 

Meynill,  Nicholas  de,  lord  of  Whorleton 

Moels,  John  de,  lord  of  Cadlmry... 

Mohun,  John  de,  lord  of  Dunster 

Money,  Walter  de,  lord  of  Thornton       .. 

Montacute,  Simon,  lord  of     ... 

Monte  Alto,  Robert  de,  lord  of  Hawarden 

Moiuhermer,  Ralph  de,  Eiirl  of  (1'oucester,  &c. 

Mortimer,  Edmund  de,  lord  of  Wigmore 

Mortimer,  Roger  de,  lord  of  I'enketlyn 

Multon,  Thomas  de,  lord  of  Egremonl  ... 

Nevill,  Ralph  de,  lord  of  Raby          

Paynel,  John,  lord  of  ()t  ley  ...         ...         .. 

Paynel,  William,  lor<l  of  "  Kracyngton  " 

Pecche,  Gilbert  de,  lord  of  Corby 

Percy,  Henry  de,  lord  of  TopclirTe     ... 

Pinkney,  Henry  de,  lord  of  Wedon 
*Pipard,  Ralph,  lord  of  I.inford 

Point/.,  Hugh,  lord  of  Curry  Malet 
'Rivers,  John  de,  lord  of  Angrc 

Roche,  Thomas,  lord  de  la 

Ros,  William,  lord  of  Hamlake 

St.  Amand,  Almaric  de,  lord  of  Woodhay 

St.  John,  John  de,  lord  of  Halnaker... 

Scales,  Robert  de,  lord  of  Neuseles 

Segrave,  John,  lord  de 
'Segrave,  Nicholas  de,  lord  of  Stowe 

Stafford,  Edmund,  Baron 

Suleye  (Suileley),  John,  lord  of    ... 

Talbot,  Richard,  lord  of  Eccleswell  ... 

Tatteshale,  Rolierl  de,  lord  cf  Bokenham 

Teye,  Walter  de,  lord  cfStangrave  ... 

Tony,  Robert  de,  lord  of  Maud's  Castle  .. 

Touchet,  William,  lord  of  I.evenhales 

Tregoz,  Henr)',  lord  of  Goringe  ... 

Tyes,  Henr)'  de,  lord  of  Chilton 

Valence,  Aymcr  de,  Earl  of  Pembroke   ... 

Verdun.  Theoliald  de,  lord  of  Weobley 

Vere,  Hugh  de,  lord  of  Swanse-field 

Warde,  Roller!  de  la,  lord  of  White  Hall      ... 

Warenne,  John,  Earl 
*Warre,  Roger  le,  lord  of  Isfield 

Warwick,  Guy,  Karl  of 

Welles,  Adam,  lord  of... 

Zouch,  Alan  la,  lord  of  Ash  by  (<le  la  Xouch)     .. 


PACK 

xxxiij,  85 
xxxvij,  166 
xxviij,  25 


... 

xxxiij,  So 

xxxvi,  150 

xxxiv,  no 

xxxv,  126 

xxxviij,  176 

xxxi,  68 

xxxvi,  131 

xxxviij,  174 

xxxv,  124 

xxxij,  153 

xxvii,  9 

xxix,  39 

xxxiv,  88 

xxxiv,  86 

xxxvi,  129 

xxxv,  148 

xxxvi,  123 

xxxv,  120 

xxix,  43 

xxxvi,  132 
187 
xxxij, 


•j,  154 
187 


xxxvi,  133 

xxxviij,  173 

xxxi,  70 

xxx,  52 

xxxvi,  134 

xxxij,  III 

...  189 

xxxiv,  144 

xxx,  51 

xxx,  141 

xxxiij,  79 

xxxiij,  IO2 

xxxij,  115 

xxxij,  156 

xxxij,  155 

xxxij,  76 

xxviij,  22 

xxxij,  45 

xxxij,  8l 

xxxiij,  82 

xxvi,  3 

186 

xxviii,  16 

xxxv,  119 

xxxiij,  106 


0  His  seal  was  not  attached  to  the  letter  in  1611. 


Introduction. 


AFTER  their  defeat  at  Falkirk,  22  July,  1298,  the  Scots  solicited  the  protection  of  the 
Pontiff,  to  whom,  it  is  rather  vaguely  stated,  they  had  exhibited  a  long  series  of 
proofs  that  the  Kings  of  England  had  not,  nor  ought  to  have,  any  superiority  over 
the  Kings  of  Scotland.     Whether  this  was  so  or  not,  a  Papal  Bull,  or  Brief,  dated 
at  Anagni,  27  June,  1299,  was  sent  to  Edward  almost  in  the  very  words  of  the  (undiscovered  !) 
Scottish  memorial  (Lingard  II.  561),  but  claiming,  on  the  suggestion  of  France,  the  feudal 
superiority,  not  for  the  Scottish  but  for  Pope  Boniface  himself. 

The  delivery  of  the  Bull,  or  Brief,  was  entrusted  to  Winchelsey,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
and  he  ultimately  handed  it  to  the  King  a  few  weeks  after  the  siege  of  Caerlavcrock  Castle,  viz. : 
on  26  or  27  August,  1300,  at  New  or  Sweetheart  Abbey,  in  Galloway.  "  It  came  at  a  very 
critical  moment,  the  peace  with  France  had  not  yet  been  concluded,  and  Gascony  was  still 
sequestered  in  the  hands  of  the  Pontiff.  In  order  to  gain  time  an  armistice  was  granted  to 
the  Scots." 

To  consider  this  claim  of  the  Pope,  the  Bishops  and  Abbots '  together  with 

"  Nine  Earls  and  eighty  Barons,  were,  by  the  Writs  tested  on  the  26th  of  September,  28  Edw.  I. 
1300,  commanded  to  attend  a  Parliament  to  be  held  at  Lincoln  in  the  octaves  of  the  feast  of  St.  Hilary 
next  ensuing  (13-20  January  1300-1),  although  seven  Earls  and  ninety-six  Barons  (or  rather  ninety-six  to 
whose  names  the  word  "  Dominus  "  is  appended)  are  recorded  as  parties  to  the  letter  to  the  Pope.  Of  the 
nine  Earls  and  eighty  Barons  summoned,  it  appears  either  that  hvo  Earls  and  fifteen  Barons  declined 
becoming  parties  to  that  document,  or,  which  is  much  more  likely,  that  they  did  not  attend  that  Parliament ; 
thus  the  letter  appears  as  the  act  of  only  seven  of  the  Earls  and  sixty-five  of  the  Barons  who  were  duly 
summoned  to  the  Parliament  at  Lincoln.  Thirty-one  persons,  therefore,  were  parties  to  the  letter  who  are 
not  recorded  to  have  been  duly  authorised  to  be  present  on  that  occasion  :  of  this  number  eighteen  had 
been  summoned  to  former,  and  many  of  them  likewise  to  subsequent  Parliaments  :  nine  are  not  recorded 
to  have  been  summoned  to  Parliament  until  some  years  after  the  date  of  the  letter  to  the  Pope  :  and  six  do 
not  appear  ever  to  have  received  a  Writ  of  Summons  to  Parliament,  viz.  : — 

Walter  de  Beauchamp  John  le  Breton 

Richard  Talbot  Nicholas  Carew 

John  de  Hodeleston  John  de  Kingeston." 

"  The  Writs  to  the  Judges  were  in  the  usual  words  ;  hut  as  a  proof  of  the  care  taken  to  have  the  attendance 
not  only  of  learned  men  at  the  deliberation,  but  also  that  every  document  in  the  kingdom  likely  to  contain 
information  on  the  subject  to  be  there  discussed  should  be  produced,  Writs  bearing  the  same  date  were  like- 
wise issued  to  each  University,  commanding  them  to  send  from  two  to  five  persons  "  de  discretorib'  &  in  jure 
scripto  magis  exp'tis  univ'sitatis  p'd'ce,"  to  the  Parliament  at  Lincoln  ;  and  to  all  the  Abbeys  and  Convents 
and  other  repositories  of  manuscripts  in  the  realm,  commanding  that  all  chronicles  and  archives  which  in 
any  degree  related  to  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  should  be  sent  to  the  Parliament  at  Lincoln  in  the  octaves 
cif  St.  Hilary." — Nicolas'  Synopsis. 

1  We  miss  the  visible  co-oin-ration  of  the  clergy  in  the  Marons'  reply  to  the  Hull. 


x  Introduction. 


"  On  the  30th  January  the  knights  of  the  shire  were  allowed  their  expenses  and  suffered  to 
go  home"  (Rot.  Clans,  29  Ed.  I  ;«.  I7<Y.),  among  them  our  "  magnate"  Henry  de  Tregoz, 
see  page  155.  An  extra-parliamentary  reply, denying  all  right  of  papal  interference,  was  formu- 
lated as  well  in  the  names  of  seven  Earls  and  ninety-six  Barons  or  "  Magnates"  '  as  in  the  name 
of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  bearing  date  1 2 2  February,  1 300- 1 ,  or  thirteen  days  after  the 
return  of  the  knights  to  their  shires.  But  even  so,  the  belated  letter  was  not  complete.  The 
affixing  of  the  seals  was  evidently  no  easy  task,  scattered  as  the  Barons  probably  were,  over 
the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land.  The  difficulty  may  have  arisen  with  those  thirty- two  added 
persons  named  in  the  letter  whose  writ  (if  any)  of  summons  is  not  on  record,  though, 
singular  to  relate,  the  eight  who,  as  stated  by  Lancaster  Herald  in  i6u,did  not  seal,  were 
not  only  quite  regularly  summoned  to  this  very  Lincoln  Parliament,  but  the  arms  of  seven 
of  them  actually  occur  either  on  the  contemporary  rolls  of  Falkirk  1298,  or  of  Cacrlaverock 
1300 — De  Insula  or  De  L'Isle  will  be  found  in  "  Some  Feudal  Coats  of  Arms."  On  the  other 
hand,  neither  De  Mauley,  de  Knovill,  nor  Pointz  used  seals  peculiar  to  themselves. 

It  would  appear  from  the  King's  Wardrobe  Accounts,3  29  Kd.  I.,  that  the  completion  by 
sealing  devolved  on  Alexander  Le  Conuers,  probably  among  others. 

These  accounts  reveal  a  picture  of  him  first  at  Frome,  on  his  "  bay  horse  going  in  hot 
haste  towards  divers  parts  of  Wales  to  the  Lord  Edward,  r,on  of  the  King,  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  to  sundry  other  'magnates'  in  the  marches  of  Wales  for  certain  writings  to  be  sent, 
according  to  the  Order  of  the  King  and  of  his  Council,  to  the  Court  of  Rome  and  to  be  scaled 
with  the  seals  of  the  same  magnates."  Having  obtained  the  "  certain  writings  "  from  Wales, 
we  find  him  back  in  Westminster  ("  Barons'  letter "  in  hand)  in  need  of  a  heavier  horse. 
On  or  before  13  March  he  was  furnished  "  uno  soinero  nigro  "  at  a  cost  of  six  marks,  "being 
sent  by  the  King  to  various  '  magnates '  of  England  with  certain  writings  touching  the  Kingdom 
of  Scotland  to  be  sent  by  the  King  himself,  for  affixing  the  seals  of  the  same  magnates." 

Interesting  as  these  Wardrobe  accounts  undoubtedly  are,  they  fail  in  a  fine  point  such  as 
is  here  at  issue  to  be  absolutely  decisive  even  of  the  date  of  payment.  Neither  are  the  entries 
in  these  accounts  in  strictly  chronological  order,  nor  is  this  date  evidence  whether  the  payment 
was  cash  in  advance,  on  delivery,  or  for  a  debt.  That  would  very  much  depend  on  the  terms  of 
the  horse  dealer  of  feudal  times  !  If  for  an  anterior  debt,  it  would  be  of  small  chronological  value. 

From  the  extract  of  the  1 3th  of  March  it  was  probably  Edward's  intention  to  send  the 
"  Barons'  letter  "  himself  under  cover  of  his  own  letter  (Rynier  i.  932)  to  the  Pope,  or  to  send  the 
latter  under  cover  of  the  former  ;  the  question  of  its  completeness  will  probably  remain  undecided. 
If  uncompleted,  it  could  hardly  have  been  sent  to  Rome,  where,  at  any  rate,  no  copy  has  been 
found.  The  reason  for  its  non-appearance  would  rather  be  that,  owing  to  the  offence  given  by 
the  French  King  at  this  very  juncture,  the  Pope's  attention  was  diverted  from  Scotland,  the 
position  ceased  to  be  acute,  and  the  Bull,  together  with  the  Barons'  letter,  were  conveniently 
shelved,  by  the  King.  The  incident  was  evidently  closed  owing  to  the  more  intense  jealousies 
of  French  King  and  Pontiff;  Edward  was  thus  enabled  in  1303  to  undertake  that  Scottish 
campaign  which  resulted  in  the  capture  and  death  of  Wallace,  1305  ;  see  p.  xliij. 

1  The  unusual  additions  at  this  early  period  of  a  territorial  designation  to  the  names  of  so  many  of  the  "  magnates  "  from 
whatever  reasons,  should  not  be  overlooked.     On  the  seals  of  St.  John,   Braose,    Mortimer,   and  Walter  Tye,  and,  perhaps, 
those  of  Henry  of  Lancaster  and  Kdniuncl  Hastings,  occur  rather  earlier  instances  of  what  may  he  termed  territorial  legends. 

2  Two  days  later,   the  King  fully  confirmed  the  charters,  defining  the  limits  and  jurisdiction  of  the  forests,  as  a  sort  of 
return  for  the  grant  of  one-fifteenth  by  the  parliament  of  Lincoln.— KYMKR.     The  original  charter  with  the  great  seal  may  be 
seen,  it  is  said,  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

1  Add  MS.  British  Museum,  7966  ft.  32b.  and  37. 


Introduction.  XI 

Two  mutilated  copies  of  the  "  Barons'  letter,"  detached  from  their  seals,  and  here  reproduced 
in  miniature  (pp.  xvii  &  xx),  remain  in  the  custody  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  ;  they  are  officially 
distinguished  by  the  letters  A  and  B,  the  white  and  the  blue.  (Archxologia  XXI,  pt.  i.  194.) 
Their  endorsements,  fairly  legible  though  they  be,  are  almost  illegible  when  reproduced,  hence 
their  omission.  The  cords  to  which  the  seals  are  affixed  remain  in  their  original  state,  and 
thus  the  position  of  2  of  the  3  omitted  seals  in  the  A  Series  is  determined  by  the  endorsement 

The  frontispiece  also  in  miniature  shows  the  Cords  and  Seals  minus  Bcauchamp  and 
Le  Breton,  formerly  attached  to  letter  A,  now  encased  in  the  museum  of  the  Public  Record 
Office  ;  this  is  followed  similarly  (on  p.  xxi)  by  the  B  Scries  minus  Cords  6  and  25,  see  pp.  xxix 
and  xxxviij.  It  will  be  noticed  by  the  aid  of  a  glass  that  seals  I  to  55  in  the  A  Series  are  still 
attached  (by  cords  7  to  1 8)  to  a  strip  of  the  original  parchment,  now  separated  from  the  letter  itself. 

Lancaster's  transcript  of  the  Barons'  letter  and  trickings  of  the  Seals  (B)  in  161 1,  reproduced 
in  facsimile  on  pp.  xxii  to  xxxviij,  may  be  considered  to  show  the  position  of  the  two  missing 
cords  and  the  correct  order  of  the  remainder,  though  in  some  instances  the  order  of  the  seals 
on  their  respective  cords  has  evidently  been  sacrificed  to  space.  Nor  is  accuracy  in  copying 
the  legends  Lancaster's  strong  point ;  his  reading  of  de  Tregoz,  de  Tony,  Kyme,  Le  Breton  and 
FitzMarmaduke,  he  alone  could  have  explained.1 

The  Barons'  seals,  forming  as  they  do  the  earliest  contemporary  series  of  veritable  coats  of 
arms,  are  of  the  greatest  importance  from  the  heraldic  standpoint,  and  as  such  are  worthy  of 
careful  reproduction.  Most  of  them,  as  it  will  be  seen,  are  in  a  beautiful  state  of  preservation, 
though  a  few  have  suffered  in  their  transmission  down  the  centuries.  They  are  here  represented 
for  the  first  time  on  their  respective  cords,  and  in  their  respective  colours.  The  Record  Office 
numbers  arc  perforce  retained,  erratic  though  they  appear. 

The  seals  of  the  brothers  Hastings,  John  and  Edmund,  sec  pp.  35,  37,  require  more  than  a 
passing  notice  here,  each  for  its  own  peculiarity.  They  arc  attached  to  the  same  cord  (6). 
and  were  evidently  cut  out  in  lead,  the  crude  work  of  the  same  school  of  engraving, 
if  not  by  the  same  man.  Edmund's  seal  was  probably  engraved  after  1296,  upon  his  acquiring 
the  lands  and  apparently  the  arms  of  Sir  John  Drummond  (see  page  32).  John's  seal  was  not 
improbably  intended  to  serve  as  a  reminder  that  he  had  been  and  might  again  become  a 
"competitor"  for  the  Scottish  crown.  To  render  the  reverse  or  counterseal  intelligible,  it 
should  itself  be  reversed.  The  Lyon  of  Scotland  and  a  Lyon  of  England  will  then  appear 
in  the  quarters,  between  a  cross  of  St.  George  powdered  with  the  fleurs-de-lys  of  France. 
These  quasi-Scottish  seals  may  have  been  attached  to  the  Barons'  letter  in  order  to  impress 
the  Pontiff.  The  enigmatical  seal  of  Bryan  FitzAlan,  not  inaptly  described  as  a  chimera 
of  four  masks,  should  delight  the  monogram  man.  (See  page  96.) 

To  utilise  the  space  at  the  top  and  sides  of  the  larger  seals,  these  older  engravers  were  wont  to 
introduce  floreatcd  decoration.  Wyverns  lend  themselves  readily  for  such  a  purpose,  and 

1  It  so  happens  that  twelve  of  these  seals  are  unnoticed  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  of  these  (Stafford),  de  Tregoz 
and  de  Tony  are  named  above  among  Lancaster's  inaccuracies.  Omitttrl  l>y  former  authorities  the  legends  of  at  least  two  of 
these  three  baffle  and  betray  "the  smatterer,"  who,  in  the  absence  of  his  customary  "  crib,"  has  hitherto  been  driven  to  rely 
on  mere  conjecture  or  avoidance.  Kven  by  The  Ancestor  the  legends  of  Stafford  and  Tregoz  are  burked,  neither  are  the 
counterseals  of  De  Verdon  and  De  Hasstang  to  be  found  in  its  text  of  "  the  Seals  of  the  Barons'  letter."  The  legend  of 
De  Tony,  however,  proves  to  be  quite  irresistible,  for  it  affords  The  Ancestor  one  of  those  opportunities,  which  it  so  much 
loves,  to  display  its  unique  knowledge  of  French,  "  floundering  French,"  Ancestor  IX,  I ^2n,  hence  no  other  than  a  "  Mire  "-ish 
substitute  for  the  Gallic  of  "Knight  of  the  Swan"  is  querulously  evolved  (page  115).  Nor  is  this  all.  By  a  sin  against 
knowledge,  it  cutely  ascribes  to  Nicholas  de  Segrave,  one  of  the  eight  barons  who  did  not  seal  (see  page  192),  the  derelict 
counterseal  of  Robert  de  Hasstang.  Though  staring  it  in  the  face,  The  Ancestor,  blinded  by  its  anxiety  to  sneer,  has  the 
added  satisfaction  of  contributing  from  its  own  immaculate  pages,  to  those  it  scoffingly  entitles  "  What  is  Believed,"  the 
unrecognized  blunder  of  the  text-book.  Surely  the  lust  of  plagiarism  has  here  o'erleapt  itself!  (See  notes  to  pp.  115,  155, 
161,  and  189).— J.  F. 


xii  Introduction. 


are  introduced  in  nearly  a  third  of  the  seals.  Lyons  as  adjuncts,  sometimes  to  denote  public 
office,  occur  similarly  in  six  seals  only,  viz.  Guy  de  Beauchamp,  de  Mauley,  de  Furnivall, 
de  Verdon,  Roger  Mortimer,  and  de  Bohun.  The  fantastic  grylli  in  the  seal  of  Simon  de 
Montacute  are  exceptionally  interesting. 

The  historical  notices  of  the  "  magnates  "  follow  the  arrangement  by  cords  and  seals  of 
•  Series  A  in  preference  to  the  order  in  which  their  names  are  recited  in  their  letter.  The 
interest  of  these  notices  has  been  greatly  enhanced  by  the  inclusion  of  many  minor  incidents, 
culled  from  "  The  Parliamentary  Writs,"  edited  by  Sir  F.  Palgrave,  and  from  Vols.  2  and  3 
-of  the  "  Calendar  of  Documents  relating  to  Scotland,"  incidents  which  the  historian  or  peerage 
writer  could  hardly  be  expected  to  utilize  to  the  same  extent.  The  year-dates  in  the  former 
work  are  according  to  the  current  or  "  new  style." 

The  pages  of  these  official  publications  contain  many  interesting  sidelights  and  scenes 
suggestive  of  the  strain  and  stress  of  those  unhappy  times,  from  which  the  following  excerpts 

are  taken  : — 

One  Pierrers  de  Kirkoswald  petitions  the  King  (1297 -1306)  to  give  him  a  sergeantry  for  life  in 
consideration  of  special  service  ;  he  recites  that  when  Berwick  Castle  was  besieged  he  swam  the  Tweed 
to  Norham  quite  naked,  wilh  the  Constable's  letter  in  his  hair,  to  get  aid  from  the  Earl  of  Warenne, 
and  returned  by  the  same  way. 

By  writ  of  privy  seal,  24  September  1314,  a  tun  of  wine  is  ordered  to  be  delivered  to  the  executors 
of  the  will  of  Sir  Robert  de  Clifford,  "  who  is  with  God,"  for  the  interment  of  Sir  Robert's  corpse.  He 
was  slain  at  Bannockburn.  See  page  94. 

Sir  Robert  Fitzpayn  reports  that  on  Thursday,  before  St.  Barnabas  day  last,  1296,  his  house  in 
Berwick  was  violently  entered,  the  fire  under  his  "  torale "  was  extinguished,  whereby  his  beer  was 
destroyed,  the  intruders  digged  for  treasure,  entered  his  chamber  and  carried  off  his  armour  to  the 
value  of  iooy.  See  page  73. 

Sir  Robert  FitzRoger,  lord  of  Clavering,  secures  ,£20  yearly  on  his  Northumberland  lands,  as  a 
benefaction  to  Balliol  College.  See  page  185. 

Sir  Rauf  Fitz  William  is  going  on  the  King's  service,  he  is  ordered  to  be  retained  and  not  to  be 
allowed  to  leave,  as  he  did  once  before,  giving  a  bad  example  to  others,  which  offence  he  can  only 
amend  by  now  remaining  constantly.  See  page  175. 

At  the  assize  before  John  de  Vaux  and  others,  on  the  morrow  of  All  Souls  1278,  the  jury  say  that 
Thomas  de  Moltone  of  Egremont  within  Coupelaunde  has  return  of  writs,  and  holds  pleas  de  namio 
vetito,  and  takes  wreck  of  sea  everywhere  on  his  lands,  and  has  gallows  in  his  lands  and  takes  fines 
of  assize  in  bread,  &c.,  and  he  and  his  ancestors  have  so  had  it  from  the  Conquest,  &c.  See  page  86. 

Rauf  de  Neville,  a  prisoner  enlarged  on  security  (1316),  asks  for  his  ransom,  of  2000  marks,  from 
the  Scots.  Sir  Robert,  his  brother,  killed  by  the  Scots,  who  also  took  his  brothers  Sir  Alexander  and 
John  prisoners  all  on  the  same  day,  were  sons  of  Sir  Randolf  de  Neville  ;  Rauf  begs  fora  ward  or 
marriage,  which  he  may  sell  towards  his  ransom,  &c.  See  page  130. 

Simon  de  Montacute,  captain  and  governor  of  the  fleet  to  put  down  the  rebels  lurking  in  Scotland 
and  the  (Western)  isles  between  Scotland  and  Ireland,  arranges,  16  June  1307,  with  John  Bisset  to 
maintain  a  watch  against  the  rebel  Scots  off  Cantyre  and  the  isles,  and  to  have  4  barges  constantly  on 
duty  manned  by  100  stout  men.  See  page  125. 

Sir  Robert  de  Tony  "  goes  by  the  King's  leave  to  serve  God  against  the  Sarazyns  in  Spain 
3  June  1309.  See  page  115. 

De  Clifford  and  Henry  de  Percy  are  ordered  to  make  an  expedition  (a  chavauche)  into  Galloway 
on  Robert  Brus,  25  Ed.  I.  1297,  and  on  14  June  1303  de  Clifford,  le  Latymer  and  John  de  Segrave  are 
expressly  charged  on  their  allegiance  to  make  a  chivauchee  from  Dunfermline  across  the  Forth  to 
the  "  Torres."  See  pp.  43,  94. 

The  historical  resume  relating  to  "  the  Wars  across  the  Marches,"  &c.,  it  is  hoped  will 
prove  a  useful  supplement  to  the  historical  notices. 

For  much  help  and  many  kindnesses  shown  by  the  officials  of  the  Public  Record  Office, 
thanks  are  not  only  due  but  warmly  tendered.  Dr.  de  Gray  Birch,  formerly  of  the  British 
Museum,  has  also  rendered  unique  and  invaluable  assistance. 

Mr.  Joseph  Foster,  Hon.  M.A.  Oxon.,  the  well-known  armourist,  is  responsible  for  the 
collaboration  and  technique  of  these  pages. 

Seaford  House.  p[    DE  ^y 


The   Pope's  Letter  to   Edward   I. 


xnj 


The   Pope's   Letter  to   Edward   I. 

Claiming  feudal  superiority  over  Scotland,   27  June  1299. 

English  Historical  Society,  W.  de  Hemingburgh,  Chronicon,  Vol.  II.  pp.   189-196.     WaUingham's  Ypodigina, 

pp.  218  and  219.     Kymer's  Foedera,  I.  907. 


A.D.  1299 
an.  27  Edw.  I. 

Ex  orlg. 

in  Thesaur.  Cur. 
Recept.  Scacc. 


BULI,A  BONIFACII  VIII.  Papae  monitoria  ut  Rex 
desistat  a  guerra  Scotiae  cum  regnum  Scotiae 
sit  ecclesiae  Romans  feudum. 

Bonifacius  episcopus,  servus  servorum  Dei, 
carissimo  in  Christo  filio  E.  Regi  Angliae  illustri, 
salutem  &  apostolicam  benedictionetn. 

Scimus,  fili  &  longi  jam  temporis  spatio 
magistra  nos  rerum  experientia  docuit,  qualiter  erga 
Romanam  matrem  ecclesiam,  qure  te  gerit  in  visceri- 
bus  caritatis,  regiae  devotionis  affectus  exuberat, 
reverentiae  zelus  viget,  quodque  promptus  &  sedis 
ejus  votis  obtemperas,  beneplacitis  acquiescis. 

Quamobrem  firmam  spem  gerimus,  plenamque 
fiduciam  obtinemus,  quod  regalis  sublimitas  verba 
nostra  benign^  recipiat,  diligenter  intelligat,  efficaciter 
prosequatur. 

Sane  ad  celsitudinem  regiam  potuit  pervenisse, 
&  in  tuae  libro  memoriae  nequaquam  ambigimus 
contineri,  qualiter  ab  antiquis  temporibus  regnum 
Scotiae  pleno  jure  pertinuit,  &  adhuc  pertineie 
dinoscitur  ad  ecclesiam  supra  dictam  ;  quodque  illud, 
sicut  accepimus,  progenitoribus  tuis,  regni  Angliaa 
Regibus,  sive  tibi  feudale  non  extitit,  nee  existit. 


Qualiter  etiam,  clarae  memoriae,  Henricus  Rex 
Angliae  pater  tuus,  tempore  discordiae,  sive  guerrae, 
inter  ipsum  &  quondam  Symonem  de  Monteforte, 
suosque  fautores  &  complices  suscitatae,  ab, 
recollendae  memoriae,  Alexandra  ejusdem  Scotiae 
Rege,  ac  ipsius  Henrici  genero,  auxilium  sibi  petiit 
exhiberae. 

Et,  ne  hujusmodi  auxilium,  jure  cujuslibet 
subjectionis  aut  debiti,  petitum,  seu  prestitum 
notaretur,  prtefatus  Henricus  eidem  Regi  Scotiae  suas 
patentes  duxit  litteras  concedendas,  per  eas  firmiter 
recognoscens,  praedictum  auxilium  se  recepisse,  vel 
se  recepturum  duntaxat  de  gratia  speciali. 

Praeterea,  cum,  successu  temporis,  praefati  Regis 
Scotire,  tui  sororii  tune  viventis,  in  tuae  coronationis 
solemniis,  habere  praesentiam  affectares,  sibi  per  tuas 
patentes  cavere  litteras  curavisti,  qu6d  in  ipsis 
solemniis,  ejus  habere  praesentiam,  non  ex  debito,  sed 
tantum  de  gratia  intendebas. 


BULL  OK  POPE  BONIFACE  VIII.  warning  the  King  to 
desist  from  the  war  in  Scotland,  on  the  ground 
that  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  is  a  dependency 
of  the  Roman  Church. 

Bishop  Boniface,  servant  of  the  servants  of  God, 
to  his  most  dear  son  in  Christ,  Edward,  illustrious 
King  of  England,  greeting  and  apostolic  benediction. 

Son,  we  know,  and  experience,  our  teacher  from 
long  since,  has  taught  us  the  abundance  of  your 
kingly  devotion  towards  the  Mother-church  of  Rome, 
who  holds  you  in  such  affection  in  her  heart,  the 
vigour  of  your  reverential  zeal,  and  your  acquiescence 
in  our  pleasure,  as  shown  by  your  obedience  to  the 
promptings  and  prayers  of  this  Holy  See. 

Wherefore  we  have  certain  hope,  and  retain  full 
assurance  that  your  royal  highness  will  receive  our 
words  kindly,  interpret  them  carefully,  and  obey  them 
thoroughly. 

The  fact  will  doubtless  have  reached  your  high- 
ness' ears,  and  is,  we  doubt  not,  enshrined  in 
your  memory,  how  that  from  ancient  times  the  king- 
dom of  Scotland  has  in  full  right  belonged,  and  is  still 
judged  to  belong,  to  the  Church  above  named  ;  and 
that  that  same  kingdom,  as  we  have  heard,  has  never 
owed  nor  can  ever  owe  feudal  rights  either  to  yourself, 
or  to  your  predecessors  on  the  throne  of  the  kingdom 
of  England. 

Moreover  you  must  keep  in  mind  how  Henry,  of 
illustrious  memory,  king  of  England,  your  father,  at  a 
time  of  dissension,  or  rather  of  war,  aroused  between 
himself  and  the  late  Simon  de  Montfort  and  his  sup- 
porters and  accomplices,  besought  Alexander,  king 
of  this  same  Scotland,  and  son-in-law  of  Henry  him- 
self, to  render  assistance  to  him. 

And,  lest  assistance  of  this  sort  might  be  regarded 
as  sought,  or  rendered,  under  the  right  of  some  sub- 
jection or  obligation,  the  above-named  Henry  thought 
fit  to  grant  his  own  letters  jxitent  to  that  king  of  Scot- 
land, therein  firmly  acknowledging  that  he  had 
received  or  would  receive  the  said  assistance  only  as 
a  special  favour. 

Furthermore,  when,  after  a  lapse  of  time,  you 
desired  the  presence  of  the  said  king  of  Scotland, 
your  sister's  husband,  who  was  then  alive,  at  the 
ceremony  of  your  coronation,  you  were  careful  to 
advertise  him  by  your  letters  patent  that  you  desired 
his  presence  at  those  ceremonies,  as  an  act  of  grace, 
and  not  of  homage. 


XIV 


The  Pope's   Letter  to  Edward  I. 


Et  cum  etiam  Rex  ipse  pro  Tyndaliae,  ac  de 
Peynerriae  terris,  in  regno  Angliai  positis,  se  ad  tuam 
prresentiam  personaliter  contulisset,  tibi  fidelitatem 
solitam  impensurus  ;  idem  in  pnestatione  fidelitatis 
hujusmodi,  multis  tune  praasentibus,  vivae  vocis 
oraculo  publice  declaravit,  qu6d  pro  terris  eisdem 
sitis  tantum  in  Anglia,  non  ut  Rex  Scotiae,  ne<iue 
pro  Scotias  regno,  fidelitatem  exhibebat  eandem  ; 
quinimm6  palam  extitit  protestatus,  qu6d  pro  regno 
ipso  tibi  fidelitatem  prrestare,  seu  facere  aliquatenus 
non  debebat,  utpote  tibi  penitus  non  subjecto  ;  tuque 
sic  oblatam  fidelitatem  hujusmodi  admisisti. 


A  tua  quoque  creditur  non  excidisse  memoria, 
qualiter,  eodem  Rege  Scotiae  sublato  de  medio, 
quondam  Margareta  puella,  nepte  tua,  tune  minoris 
retatis,  ha;rede  sibi  relicta,  non  ad  te,  velut  ad 
dominum,  regni  pervenit  custodia  memorati,  sed 
certi  ejusdem  regni  proceres,  ad  ejus  electi  custodian! 
extiterunt. 

Quodque  postmodum,  dispensatione  ab  aposto- 
lica  sede  obtenta,  super  matrimonio  contrahendo 
inter  dilectum  filium,  nobilem  virum  Edvardum 
natum  tuum,  &  Margaretam  praedictam,  dum 
viveret,  si  ad  id  procerum  dicti  regni  accederet  vel 
haberetur  assensus,  tu  eisdem  proceribus  per  tua 
scripta  cavisse  dinosceris,  priusquam  vellent  hujus- 
modi matrimonio  consentire,  quod  regnum  ipsum 
penitiis  liberum,  nullique  subjectum,  seu  quovis  modo 
summissum,  in  perpetuum  remaneret :  quodque  in  pris- 
tinum,  seu  talem  ipsius  statum  restitueretur  omnino, 
si  ex  hujusmodi  matrimonio  contrahendo  liberos  non 
extare  contingeret ;  ac  nomen  &  honorem,  ut 
prius,  pariter  retineret,  tarn  in  suis  sibi  servandis 
legibus  et  prasficiendis  officialibus  dicti  regni,  quam 
parlamentis  tenendis,  tractandis  causis  in  ipso,  & 
nullis  ejus  incolis  extra  illud  ad  judicium  evocandis, 
&  quod  in  tuis  patentibus  litteris,  inde  confectis, 
hasc  plenius  &  seriosius  contineri  noscuntur. 


Praefata  insuper  Margareta  de  prassenti  luce 
subtracta,  &  tandem  super  successione  dicti  regni 
Scotiae  suborta  dissensionis  materia  inter  partes ; 
ipsius  regni  proceres,  metuentes  sibi  dictoque  regno 
posse  occasione  hujusmodi  prrcjudicium  generari, 
non  aliter  ad  tuam  pnesentiam,  extra  ipsius  regni 
accedere  limites  voluerunt,  nisi  per  te  patenti  scripto 
caveretur  eisdem,  quod  id  non  fiebat  ex  debito,  sed 
ex  gratia  special!,  quodque  nullum  exinde  ipsius 
regni  libertatibus  posset  dispendium  imminere. 

Et  licet,  ut  dicitur,  super  statu  ejusdem  regni 
Scotiae,  ac  ejus  prius  habita  libertate,  regno  ipso  tune 
carente  praesidio  defensoris,  per  ipsius  regni  proceres, 
tune  velut  acephalos  &  ducis  vel  aurigas  suffragium 
non  habentes,  sive  per  ilium,  cui  prsefati  regni  regi- 
men licet  indebite  dieeris  commisisse,  contra  morem 
solitum,  aliqua  fuerint  hactenus  innovata,  ea  tamen, 
utpote  per  vim  &  metum,  qui  cadere  poterat  in 
constantem,  elicita,  nequaquam  debent  de  jure  sub- 
sistere,  aut  in  ejusdem  regni  praejudicium  redundare. 


And  also  when  that  king  had  presented  himself 
before  you  in  person  to  do  the  accustomed  homage 
for  the  lands  of  Tyndal  and  Peyner  (Penrith), 
situate  within  the  kingdom  of  England,  in  rendering 
that  homage  he  declared  publicly,  in  the  presence  of 
many  witnesses,  by  word  of  mouth,  that  he  was 
rendering  it  merely  as  owner  of  the  said  lands  situate 
in  England,  and  not  as  king  of  Scotland,  nor  on 
behalf  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland :  nay,  rather  he 
openly  protested  that  it  was  not  his  duty  to  render 
homage  for  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  nor  indeed  to 
do  it  at  all,  considering  that  it  was  in  no  way  subject 
to  you  :  and  you  admitted  his  homage  offered  on  this 
understanding. 

It  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  escaped  your 
memory  that  when  the  said.  King  of  Scotland  was 
taken  from  our  midst  and  the  child  Margaret,  your 
niece,  then  a  minor,  was  left  his  heiress,  the  regency 
of  the  said  kingdom  reverted  not  to  you,  as  its  sove- 
reign, but  to  a  number  of  Scottish  nobles  chosen  for 
the  purpose. 

Afterwards  also,  when  a  dispensation  had  been 
obtained  fiom  the  Apostolic  See,  tor  the  contraction 
of  a  marriage  between  your  beloved  son,  the  noble 
youth  Edward,  your  first-born,  and  the  said  Margaret 
during  her  lifetime,  if  the  consent  of  the  Scottish 
nobles  should  be  given  or  obtained,  you  saw  fit  to 
inform  the  said  nobles,  before  they  should  be  willing 
to  consent  to  such  a  marriage,  that  the  kingdom 
would  remain  wholly  independent  and  subject  to  or 
in  any  way  dependent  on  no  one,  in  perpetuity ; 
and  that  it  would  be  entirely  restored  in  its  original, 
or  rather  in  its  present  condition,  if  it  should  happen 
that  there  was  no  issue  of  the  proposed  marriage 
when  contracted  ;  and  that  it  should  retain  its  name 
and  rank  equally  as  before,  as  well  in  upholding  its 
own  laws  and  appointing  its  officials,  as  in  hold- 
ing parliaments,  conducting  trials,  and  keeping  its 
inhabitants  immune  from  being  summoned  to  a 
court  outside.  And  these  details  are  known  to  have 
been  contained  more  fully  and  weightily  in  your 
letters  patent,  at  that  time  drawn  up. 

Moreover,  when  the  said  Margaret  had  been  taken 
from  this  life,  and  cause  for  dissension  had  arisen 
between  the  parties  in  regard  to  the  succession  to  the 
Scottish  throne,  the  nobles  of  that  kingdom,  fearing 
to  cause  detriment  to  themselves  or  their  kingdom  by 
such  a  proceeding,  refused  to  present  themselves  to 
you  or  leave  their  own  territory  without  first  being 
assured  by  your  letters  patent,  that  their  act  was  not 
one  of  duty  but  of  special  grace,  and  that  no  detri- 
ment could  possibly  threaten  the  liberties  of  their 
kingdom  therefrom. 

And  although,  as  is  said,  in  consequence  of  the 
state  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  and  its  former 
liberty,  the  kingdom  itself  at  that  time  being  without 
a  defender,  some  changes  may  have  been  made  by 
reason  of  the  chiefs  of  the  kingdom  being  without  a 
head  and  lacking  the  deciding  voice  of  a  leader  or 
director,  or  through  the  instrumentality  of  him 
to  whom  you  are  said  (albeit  unjustly)  to  have 
entrusted  the  government  of  the  kingdom  contrary  to 
custom,  still  those  changes,  as  being  the  outcome  of 
violence  or  fear,  which  was  able  to  affect  even  a 
steadfast  country,  ought  in  no  way  to  remain  estab- 
lished by  law,  or  to  redound  to  the  detriment  of  the 
kingdom. 


The  Pope's  Letter  to   Edward   I. 


xv 


Caeterum  nobis  nullatenus  venit  in  dubium,  quin 
potius  certi  sumus,  qu6d  cum  apostolicre  sedis  prae- 
ccllens  auctoritas  per  suas  litteras  in  Angliae  ac 
Scotia;  regnis,  simul  alicui  legationis  commisit  officium 
exequendum,  vel  pro  quavis  causa,  quam  rationa- 
bilem  reputat,  decimae  solutionem  indicit,  hujus- 
modi  apostolicoe  litterae  ad  prrefatum  Scotia;  regnum 
se  aliquatenus  non  extendunt,  special!  predicts 
sedis  privilegio,  Scotis  indulto,  penitus  obsistente, 
prout  tempore,  felicis  recordationis,  Adrians  I'apa; 
prredecessoris  nostri,  tune  sancti  Adrian!  diaconi 
cardinalis,  &  per  ipsius  sedis  litteras  simul  in  regnis 
ipsis  legati,  cum  quo  familiariter  tune  eramus,  con- 
tigit  evidenter. 

Nam  legatus  ipse  ad  praefatum  regnum  Scotia? 
aliquatenus  admissus  non  extitit,  donee  per  litteras 
speciales  apostolicas  sibi  legationis  fuit  commissum 
officium  in  eodem. 

Prreterea  noscere  potest  regia  celsitudo,  qualiter 
regnum  ipsum  per  beati  Andreas  Apostoli  venerandas 
reliquias,  non  sine  superni  Numinis  grandi  dono, 
acquisitum  &  conversum  extitit  ad  fidei  Catholicaa 
unitatem. 

Qualiter  etiam,  antiquis  temporibus  Eboracen' 
archicpiscopus,  qui  tune  erat,  mota  per  eum,  super 
jure  metropolitico,  adversus  praalatos  Scotiaa  ques- 
tione,  in  qua  dictum  antiquitus  fuisse  commemorat, 
memento  quod  sumus  tui,  ut  caetera  qua;  inde 
secuntur  [sit]  silentio  relinquamus,  pro  se  sententiam 
obtinere  nequivit,  quamvis  alia  plura  &  varia,  qua; 
in  hac  parte  rationabiliter  propenenda  se  offerunt,  ex 
quibus  etiam  ad  hose  tibi  scribenda  movemur,  pras- 
tereat  calamus,  ne  inde  forsitan  sensibus  regiis  ta;dium 
generetur. 

Haac  profecto,  fill  carissime,  infra  claustra  pectoris 
sollicite  considerare  te  convenit,  &  attendere  diligenter, 
ex  quibus  nulli  in  dubium  veniet,  regnum  Scotia; 
prnelibatum  ad  prrefatam  Romanam  ecclesiam  per- 
tinere  ;  quod  tibi  nee  licet,  nee  licuit  in  ipsius  ecclesise 
ac  multorum  prajudicium,  per  violentiam  subjugare, 
tua;que  subjicere  ditioni. 

Cum  autem,  sicut  habet  fide  digna  &  nostris, 
jam  pluries  auribus  inculcata  relatio,  famneque  pras- 
currentis  affatibus  divulgatur,  tu  pra;missa,  ut  debu- 
eras,  non  attendens,  neque  debita  consideratione 
discutiens,  &  ad  occupandum  &  subjugandum 
ditioni  regise  regnum  ipsum,  tune  regis  auxilio  desti- 
tutum,  vehementer  aspirans,  &  tandem  ad  id  ex- 
ercens  potentiae  tuae  vires,  venerabilibus  fratribus 
nostris,  Roberto  Glasguen'  &  Marco  Sodoren'  epi- 
scopis,  &:  nonnullis  clericis,  &  aliis  personis  eccle- 
siasticis  diet!  regni,  ut  dicitur,  captis,  &  carceralibus 
vinculis  traditis  (quorum  aliquos,  sicut  asseritur, 
squalor  carceris  violentus  extinxit)  ac  etiam  occu- 
patis  castris,  &,  prout  fertur,  monasteriis,  aliisve 
religiosis  locis  quampluribus  dirutis  seu  destructis,  ac 
dampnis  gravibus  ejusdem  regni  habitatoribus  irro- 
gatis,  in  ejusdem  regni  partibus  officiates  regios 
posuisti,  qui  prselatos,  caateros  clericos  &  ecclesias- 
ticas  ac  etiam  seculares  dicti  regni  personas  multi- 
modis  perturbare  molestiis,  &  afflictionibus  variis  \ 
diversis  impetere  non  verentur,  in  divina;  Majestatis 
offensam  sedis  memoratns  contemptum,  regiae  salutis 


But  to  us  there  is  no  manner  of  doubt,  nay,  rather 
we  are  certain  that,  when  the  supreme  authority  of 
the  Apostolic  See  by  its  letters  committed  to  any 
person  the  duty  of  legate  to  be  performed  in  the 
kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland  at  the  same  time, 
or  for  any  cause  which  it  deems  reasonable,  enjoins 
the  payment  of  tithes,  such  apostolic  letters  do  not  in 
any  way  apply  to  the  said  kingdom  of  Scotland,  being 
prevented  by  a  special  privilege  of  the  said  see, 
granted  to  the  Scots,  as  evidently  happened  in  the 
time  of  Pope  Adrian,  our  predecessor,  of  happy 
memory,  at  that  time  cardinal  deacon  of  Saint 
Adrian  [?],  and  by  letters  of  the  Holy  See  at  the  same 
time  appointed  to  the  said  kingdoms,  with  whom  we 
were  then  acquainted. 

For  that  legate  is  known  to  have  been  in  no  way 
admitted  to  the  said  kingdom  of  Scotland,  until  the 
office  of  legate  in  the  same  had  been  granted  to  him 
by  special  apostolic  letters. 

Moreover,  your  royal  highness  is  able  to  know, 
how  the  said  kingdom  was  won  over  and  converted 
to  the  body  of  the  Catholic  faith  by  the  venerable 
relics  of  the  blessed  apostle  Andrew,  not  without 
the  generous  gift  of  the  Supreme  Godhead. 

Also  in  former  times  the  Archbishop  of  York,  who 
was  at  that  time  in  office,  having  raised  a  dispute 
about  his  metropolitan  jurisdiction  with  the  Scottish 
prelates,  in  which  he  reminded  them  of  an  ancient  say- 
ing "  remember  that  we  are  thine"  (we  omit  the  words 
which  follow),  was  unable  to  obtain  a  verdict  in  his 
own  behalf;  this  and  other  evidences,  many  and 
various,  which  lend  themselves  in  this  connection  to 
production  as  reasonable  proofs,  and  which  have 
moved  us  to  write  thus  to  you,  let  the  pen  omit,  lest 
perchance  we  should  inflict  weariness  upon  your  royal 
senses  by  their  recital. 

Assuredly  it  befits  thee,  most  dear  son,  carefully 
to  consider  these  things  in  your  secret  heart,  and  to 
attend  to  them  with  diligence,  since  they  can  leave  no 
possible  doubt  that  the  above-mentioned  kingdom  of 
Scotland  belongs  to  the  said  Church  of  Rome ; 
wherefore  it  is  not  lawful,  nor  was  it  lawful  for  you  to 
subjugate  it  by  force,  nor  to  subject  it  to  your 
dominion,  to  the  detriment  of  the  Church  and  many 
individuals.  And  whereas,  as  trustworthy  and  oft- 
repeated  report  tells  us,  and  the  currents  of  previous 
rumour  make  known,  you,  disregarding  our  precepts 
in  contravention  of  your  duty,  and  failing  to  give 
them  due  consideration,  and  eagerly  aspiring  to  the 
occupation  and  subjugation  to  your  royal  dominion 
of  that  kingdom,  then  destitute  of  a  king's  protection, 
and  finally  devoting  to  that  object  all  the  resources 
of  your  power,  having  also  (as  is  said)  captured  and 
thrown  into  prison  bonds  our  venerable  brethren, 
Bishops  Robert  of  Glasgow  and  Mark  of  Sodor,  and 
certain  of  the  clergy,  and  other  ecclesiastical  officers 
of  the  said  realm,  of  whom  some,  it  is  asserted, 
have  been  killed  by  their  miserable  and  violent 
treatment  in  prison,  having  also  pitched  camps  and 
(according  to  report)  plundered  or  destroyed  monas- 
teries, and  several  other  holy  places,  and  having 
imposed  heavy  losses  upon  the  inhabitants  of  that 
realm,  in  parts  of  the  same  kingdom  have  set  up  your 
royal  officials  ;  who  have  not  hesitated  to  molest  the 
bishops  and  others  of  the  clergy  and  other  persons, 


XVI 


The  Pope's  Letter  to  Edward   I. 


&  famae  dispendium,  juris  injuriam  &  grave  scandalum 
fidelium  plurimorum. 


Regalem  itaque  magnificentiam  rogamus,  & 
hortamur  attente,  ac  obsecramus  in  Eo,  qui  est 
omnium  vera  Salus,  quatenus  solerter  attendens  quod, 
ex  debito  pastoralis  officii  nostris  humeris  incumben- 
tis,  ad  conservanda  &  gubernanda  sollicite  bona, 
juraque  omnia  ecclesiae  supradictre  tenemur,  quod- 
que  homini,  plusquam  Deo  defferre  non  possumus, 
nee  debemus,  praadictos  episcopos,  clericos,  & 
personas  ecclesiasticas,  quos  ad  hoc  career  regius 
tenet  inclusos,  pro  Divina,  &  apostolicre  sedis, 
ac  nostra  reverentia,  sublato  difficultatis  &  dilationis 
objectu,  benigne  restitui  facias  pristinae  libertati, 
dictosque  officiales  de  regno  Scotiae  revoces  me- 
morato. 

Sic  te  in  hiis,  prout  speramus  &  cupimus, 
promptis  &  efficacibus  studiis  habiturus,  ut  apud 
crelestem  Regem,  pro  minimis  grandia  rependentem, 
non  immerit6  reddaris  acceptior,  gratior  habearis  ; 
&,  praeter  laudis  humanae  preconium,  tibi  proinde 
proventurum,  apostolicae  sedis  favorem  &  gratiam 
possis  uberiiis  promereri. 

Si  ver6  in  eodem  regno  Scotias,  vel  aliqua  ejus 
parte  jus  aliquod  habere  te  asseris,  volumus  quod 
tuos  procuratores  &  nuntios,  ad  hoc  specialiter  con- 
stitutes, cum  omnibus  juribus  &  munimentis  tuis 
hujusmodi  negotium  contingentibus,  infra  sex  menses, 
a  receptione  praesentium  numerandos,  ad  nostram 
praesentiam  mittere  non  omittas ;  cum  parati  sumus 
tibi,  tanquam  dilecto  filio,  plene  super  praamissis 
exhibere  justitise  complementum,  &  jura,  si  qua 
habes,  inviolabiliter  observare. 

Nos  enim  nichilominus  ex  nunc  lites,  quaestiones 
&  'controversias  quaslibet,  inter  te,  dictumque 
regnum  Scotiae,  ac  praelatos,  clericos,  ac  personas 
seculares  ejusdem,  subortas,  &  quae  possunt  im- 
posterum  ex  quibusvis  causis  praeteritis  exoriri, 
totumque  negotium  prasdicta  contingens,  aut  aliquod 
eorundem,  ad  cognitionem  &  determinationem  sedis 
ejusdem,  praesentium  tenore,  reducimus,  &  etiam 
reservamus ; 

Decernentes  irritum  &  inane,  si  secus  scienter, 
vel  ignoranter  a  quoquam  in  hac  parte  contigerit 
attemptari. 

Dat.  Anagniae  V.  Kal'  Julii,  pontif '  nostri 
anno  quinto. 

Sub  filo  cannabeo. 


ecclesiastic  and  secular,  of  that  kingdom  with  divers 
injuries,  and  to  attack  them  with  various  and  manifold 
afflictions,  thereby  offending  the  Divine  Majesty, 
disregarding  this  ancient  see,  imperilling  the  royal 
safety  and  honour,  and  causing  perversion  of  justice 
and  grave  scandal  to  very  many  of  the  faithful. 

Therefore  we  ask  your  royal  magnificence,  and 
diligently  exhort  you,  and  pray  you  by  Him,  who  is 
the  true  salvation  of  all  men,  that  diligently  hearken- 
ing to  us,  seeing  that  we  are  bound  by  the  duties  of 
the  pastoral  office  incumbent  upon  our  shoulders  to 
preserve  and  govern  with  care  all  the  possessions  and 
rights  of  the  aforesaid  Church,  and  that  we  cannot  and 
ought  not  to  bow  to  man's  will  before  God's,  you  may 
of  your  kindness  cause  the  aforesaid  bishops,  clergy, 
and  ecclesiastical  officers,  who  are  now  confined  in  trie 
royal  prison,  out  of  your  reverence  for  God,  our 
Apostolic  See  and  ourselves,  without  the  interposition 
of  difficulty  or  delay,  to  be  restored  to  their  former 
liberty,  and  may  recall  the  said  officials  from  the 
said  kingdom  of  Scotland. 

And  may  you  so  proceed  in  this  matter,  as  we 
hope  and  desire,  with  prompt  and  effectual  measures, 
that  according  to  your  deserts  you  may  be  restored  to 
the  favour  of  the  heavenly  King,  who  repays  small 
things  with  great,  and  be  had  in  greater  favour  ;  and 
apart  from  the  gain  of  men's  praise,  which  will  accrue 
to  you  therefrom,  may  you  be  able  to  merit  in  greater 
measure  the  favour  and  gratitude  of  the  Apostolic  See. 

But  if  you  still  affirm  that  you  have  any  right  in 
the  said  kingdom  of  Scotland  or  in  any  part  thereof, 
it  is  our  pleasure  that  you  fail  not  within  six  months 
from  the  receipt  of  this  letter  to  send  to  our  presence 
your  agents  and  legates,  specially  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose, together  with  all  claims  and  evidences  touching 
this  business  ;  since  we  are  prepared  to  show  to  you, 
as  to  a  beloved  son,  the  fulness  of  justice  without 
stint,  and  to  preserve  untouched  any  rights  which  you 
possess. 

Henceforward  notwithstanding  we  hereby  keep 
and  reserve  to  the  cognisance  and  decision  of  this 
see  all  trials,  quarrels,  and  disputes  arising  between 
you  and  the  said  kingdom  of  Scotland,  and  the  bishops, 
clergy,  and  laity  of  the  same,  and  all  questions  which 
can  arise  hereafter  out  of  any  former  causes  whatso- 
ever, and  the  whole  business  touching  the  aforesaid, 
or  any  part  thereof; 

Provided  that  if  anything  different  shall  be  done 
in  this  matter  by  anyone  either  wilfully  or  in  ignorance, 
the  same  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Given  at  Anagni  on  the  twenty-seventh 
day  of  June  in  the  fifth  year  of  our 
Pontificate. 

Under  the  hempen  thread. 


XV11 


FACSIMILE    OF   BARONS'    LETTER    IN    THE    RECORD    OFFICE.     "A"    COPY. 


• 


E 


XV11J 


The  Barons'   Reply  to  the  Pope. 


English  Historical  Society, 


W.  de  Hemingburgh,  Chronicon,  Vol.  II.  pp.  209-213. 
Kymer's  Foedera,  I.  926-7. 


Walsingham's  Ypodigma,  pp.  230-231. 


Sancta  Romana  mater  ecclesia  per  cujus  minis- 
teriutn  fides   Catholica    gubernatur  in    suis   actibus 
cum  ea  sicut  firmiter  credimus  et  tenemus  maturitate 
procedit  quod  nulli  prfejudicare  set  singulorum  jura 
non  minus  in  aliis  quam  in   seipsa  tanquam  mater 
alma  conservari  valet  illsesa.    Sane  convocato  nuper  per 
serenissimum  Dominum  nostrum  Edwardum  Dei  gratia 
Regem  Angliee  illustrem  Parliamento  apud  Lincolniam 
generali     idem     Dominus    noster    quasdam    literas 
apostolicas  quas  super  certis  negotiis  condicionem  et 
statum   regni    Scotiae    tangentibus    ex    parte   vestra 
receperat    in  medio  exhiberi   et   seriose  nobis  fecit 
exponi.    Quibus  auditis  et  diligentius  intellectis  tarn 
nostris  sensibus  admiranda  quam  hactenus  inaudita 
in  eisdem  audivimus  contineri.     Scimus  enim  Pater 
Sanctissime  et  notorium  est  in   partibus  Angliae  et 
nonnullis  aliis  non  ignotum  quod  a  prima  institutione 
regni  Angliae  Reges  ejusdem  regni  tarn  temporibus 
Britonum    quam    Anglorum    superius    et    directum 
dominium  regni  Scotise  habuerunt  et  in  possessione 
vel   quasi    superioritatis   et    directi    dominii    ipsius 
regni  Scotiae  successivis  temporibus  extiterunt.     Nee 
ullis     temporibus    ipsum    regnum    in    temporalibus 
pertinuit  vel  pertinet  quovis  jure  ad  ecclesiam  supra- 
dictam  quinimmo  idem  regnum  Scotiae  progenitoribus 
praedicti  Domini   nostri   Regibus  Anglise  atque  sibi 
feodale     extitit      ab    antique      nee     etiam     Reges 
Scotorum   et    regnum    alii     quam   Regibus  Angliae 
subfuerunt  vel  subjici  consueverunt.      Nequo  Reges 
Angliae    super  juribus    suis    in  regno  praedicto  aut 
aliis      suis     temporalibus      coram     aliquo     judice 
ecclesiastico     vel     secular!     ex     libera     praehemi- 
nentia   status   suae   regiae  dignitatis  et  consuetudinis 
cunctis  temporibus  irrefragabiliter  observatae  respon- 
derunt    aut    respondere    debebant.      Unde    habito 
tractatu  et  deliberatione  diligenti  super  contentis  in 
vestris     literis     memoratis     communis     concors     et 
unanimis  omnium  nostrum  et  singulorum  consensus 
fuit,  est  ac  erit  inconcusse  Deo  propitio  in  futurum 
quod   praefatus   Dominus   noster  Rex   super  juribus 
regni  sui  Scotiae  aut  aliis  suis  temporalibus  nullatenus 
judicialiter  respondeat   coram   Vobis   nee    judicium 
subeat  quoquomodo  aut  jura  sua  praedicta  in  dubium 
questionis    deducat,    nee    ad    praesentiam    vestram 
procuratores   aut   nuncios   ad   hoc   mittat   praecipue 
cum  praemissa  cederent  manifeste  in  exhaereditationem 
juris  coronae  regni  Angliae  et  Regiae  dignitatis  ac  sub- 
versionem  status  ejusdem  regni  notoriam,  necnon  in 
praejudicium   libertatum,    consuetudinum    et   legum 
paternarum  ad  quarum  observationem  et  defensionem 
ex    debito   prsestiti  juramenti    astringimur   et    quae 
manutenebimus  toto  posse  totisque  viribus  cum  Dei 
auxilio  defendemus.      Nee    etiam   permittimus   aut 
aliquatenus    permittemus    sicut    nee   possumus   nee 
debemus  prxmissa  tarn  insolita  indebita  praejudicialia 
et  alias  inaudita  prselibatum  Dominum  nostrum  Regem 
etiamsi  vellet  facere    seu    quomodolibet   attemptare. 
Quocirca   Sanctitati   vestrae   reverenter   et   humiliter 
supplicamus   quatenus   eundem  Dominum    nostrum 


"  The  Holy  Roman    Mother  Church,  by  whose 
ministry  the  Catholic   faith  is  governed  in   its  acts, 
proceeds,    as    we    firmly    believe    and    hold,     with 
that   gentleness    that    she    wishes    to    prejudice    no 
one,  but,    like   a  gracious   mother,  to   preserve   the 
rights  of    individuals,    not    less    in    other    countries 
than  in    her   own  body,  unimpaired.      At  a  general 
Parliament  lately  summoned  at  Lincoln  by  the  most 
serene  Lord   Edward,  by  the   grace    of  Cod,    illus- 
trious   King   of   England,    the  same  our   Lord   the 
King  caused  to  be  displayed  in  our  midst  and  to  be 
categorically  explained  to  us  certain  Apostolic  letters 
which  he  had  received  on  your  part  concerning  certain 
matters  affecting  the  condition  and  state  of  the  king- 
dom.    And  when  we  had  heard  and  carefully  under- 
stood  them  we  found  that  they  contained  matters 
which  caused  as  much  wonder  to  our  feelings  as  they 
were  unheard  of  hitherto.     For  we  know,  most  Holy 
Father,  and  it  is  notorious  in  our  country  and  not 
unknown  to  many,  that  from   the  first  foundation  of 
the  kingdom  of  England,  the  kings  of  that  kingdom, 
as  well  in  the  times  of  the  Britons  as  of  the  Angles, 
had  in  their  possession  superior  and  direct  dominion 
over  the  kingdom  of  Scotland,  or  were  captains  of  the 
sovereignty  and  rightful  lordship  of  the  same  at  suc- 
cessive periods,  nor  at  any  time  did  the  same  kingdom 
in  temporalities  belong,  nor  does  it  now  belong  in  any 
way,  to  the  aforesaid  Church.     Moreover,  the  same 
kingdom  of  Scotland  has  existed  from  ancient  times 
as  fief  to  the  progenitors  of  our  said  king,  themselves 
kings  of  England,  and  to   the  king  himself.       Nor 
were  even  the  kings  of  the  Scots  and  their  kingdom 
subject  or  wont  to  be  subject  to  any  other  than  to  the 
kings  of   England,  nor  have  the  kings  of  England 
answered,  or  ought  they  to  answer,  concerning  their 
rights  in  the  kingdom    aforesaid  or  concerning  any 
other  their  temporalities,  before  any  judge  ecclesias- 
tical or  secular,  because  of  the  pre-eminence  of  the 
state  of  their  royal  dignity,  and  custom  in  all  times 
irrefragably    observed.     Wherefore,  after    discussion 
and  careful  deliberation  on  the  contents  of  your  letter, 
the  common,  concordant,  and  unanimous  consent  of 
all  and  singular  of  us  has  been,  and  will  be,  by  favour 
of  God,  unalterably  fixed  for  the  future,  that  our  Lord 
the  King  do  not  answer  in  any  way  touching  the 
rights  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  or  other  their  tem- 
poralities before  you,  nor  undergo  judgment  in  any 
way,  nor  bring  his  aforesaid  rights  in  question,  nor 
send  to  your  presence  proctors  or  ambassadors  for 
that  purpose,  especially  since  such  proceeding  would 
tend  to  the  disinheritance  of  the  right  of  the  Crown 
of  England,  and  of   the    royal  dignity,  and  to  the 
notorious  overturning  of  the  state  of  the  same  king- 
dom, as  well  as  to  the  prejudice  to  the  liberty,  cus- 
toms, and  the  laws  of  our  fathers,  to  the  observance 
and  defence  of  which  we  are  bound  by  the  due  regard 
of  our  oaths,  and  which  we  will  keep  in  our  hands 
with  all  our  power,  and  will  defend,  by  Cod's  help, 
with  all  our  might.     Nor  do  we  even  permit,  nor  will 
we   in    any   way   permit,  for  we  cannot  and  ought 
not  to  do  so,  our  aforesaid  Lord  the  King  to  do  or  in 
any  way  attempt  (even  if  he   himself  wished  it)  the 
premises  so  strange,  so  undeserved  and  prejudicial, 
and  hitherto  unheard  of. 

"  Wherefore  we  beg  your  Holiness,  reverently  and 
humbly,  to  graciously  permit  the   same  our  Lord  the 


Barons    named    in    the    Letter    to    the   Pope. 


xix 


Regem  (qui  inter  alios  principesorbis  terra  Catholicum 
se  exhibet)  et  ecctesine  Romanae  devotum  jura  sua, 
libertates,  consuutudines  et  leges  praedictas  absque 
ditninutione  et  inauietudine  pacifice  possidere  et  ea 
illibata  persistere  benignius  permittatis.  In  cujus  rei 
testimonium  percipere  sigilla  nostra  tam  pro  nobis 
quam  pro  tola  Coinmunitate  predict!  regni  Angliae 
praesentibus  sunt  appensa.  Datre  apud  Lincolniam 
xii°  die  Februarii,  Anno  Domini  Millesimo  Trescen- 
tesimo. 


King,  who,  among  other  princes  of  the  world,  displays 
himself  a  Catholic  and  devoted  to  the  Church  of 
Rome,  to  possess  in  peace  his  rights,  liberties,  cus- 
toms and  laws  aforesaid,  without  diminution  or  dis- 
turbance, and  to  hold  the  same  uninjured. 

"  In  testimony  whereof  our  seals,  as  well  for  our- 
selves here  present  as  for  the  whole  aforesaid 
'  Communities '  of  the  Kingdom  of  England,  are 
appended.  Dated  at  Lincoln,  12  February,  A.D. 
1300(1)." 


SANCTISSIMO  in  Christo  patri  domino 
Eccllesie  summo  pontifici  sui  devoti  filij 

Johannes  Comes  Warenne 
Thomas  Comes  Lancastrie 
Radulphus  de  Monte  Hermerij 

Comes  Gloucestr  &  Hertford 
Humfridus    de     Bohun    Comes 

Hereford    &   Essex    &    Con- 

stabulari9  Anglie 
Rogerus  Bigod  Comes  Norff  & 

Marescallus  Anglie 
Guido  Comes  Warrewik 
Ricardus  Comes  Arundett 
Adomarus  de  Valencia  Diis  de 

Montiniaco 
Henricus  de  Lancastre  Dominus 

de  Munemue 
Johannes  de  Hastinges  Dns  de 

Bergaveny 
Henricus    de    Percy     Dns     de 

Topclive 
Edmundus  de  Mortuomari  Dns 

de  Wiggemor 
Robertas  filius  Waited  Dns  de 

Wodeham 
Johannes  de  Sro  Johanne  Dns 

de  Hannak 
Hugo    de    Vere     Dominus    de 

Swainschaumpis 
Wittus    de     Breuhosa    Dns    de 

Gower 
Robertus  de  Monte  Alto  Diis  de 

Hawardyn 
Rofitus    de   Tatteshale   Dns   de 

Bukeham 
Reginaldus    de    Grey    Diis    de 

Ruthyn 
Henricus  de  Grey  Diis  de  Code- 

nore 
Hugo  Bardolfe  Diis  de  Wirme- 

geye 
Rottus  de  Tonny  Diis  de  Castro 

Matitt 

Wittus  de  Ros  Dns  de  Hamlake 
Robertus  de  Clifford  Castellanus 

de  Appelby 
Petrus     de    Malolacu    Dns    de 

Musgreve 

Phus  Dns  de  Kyme 
Robertus  filius   Rogeri    Diis   de 

Claveryng 
Johannes    de    Mohun    Dns   de 

Dunsterre 
Almaricus  de  Sco  Amando  Dns 

de  Widehaye 

Alanus  la  Zuche  Diis  de  Assheby 
Witts  de  Ferrarijs  Diis  de  Groby 
Theobaldus  de  Verdun  Dominus 

de  Webbele 


Bonifacio  divina    providentia   sancte  Romane  ac   universalis 


Multon     Dns     de 


Thomas  de    Furnivatt    Dns   de 

Shefeild 
Thomas    de 

Egremont 

Witts  le  Latimer  Dns  de  Corby 
Thomas  Diis  de  Berkele 
Fulco    filius     VVarini     Dns    de 

Whitington 

Johannes  Dominus  de  Segrave 
Edmundus  de  Eyncourt  Dns  de 

Thurgerton 

Petrus  Corbet  Dns  de  Cauz 
Wittus    de    Cantilupo    Dns    de 

Ravensthorp 
Johes  de  Bello  Campo  Dns  de 

Hacche 
Rogerus   de  Mortuo   Mari  Dns 

de  Penketlyn 
Johes   filius    Reginald!    Diis   de 

Blenleveny 
Ranulphus   de    Nevitt    Diis   de 

Raby 
Brianus  filius  Alani  Dominus  de 

Bedale 
Witts  Marescallus  Dns  de  Heng- 

ham 

Walterus  Dns  de  Huntercombe 
Witts  Martyn  Diis  de  Camesio 
Henricus  de  Tyes  Diis  de  Chilton 
Rogerus  la  Warre  Diis  de  Isefeld 
Johannes    de    Riparijs   Dns   de 

Angre 
Johannes  le  I^ancastre  Diis 

Grisdale 
Robertus  filius   Pagani   Diis 

Lammer 
Henricus       Tregoz      Diis 

Garynges 

Radulphus  Pipart   Diis  de  Lin- 
ford 

Walterus  Dns  de  Faucomberge 
Rogerus  le  Estraunge  Dominus 

de  Ellesmere 
Johannes  le  Estraunge  Dns  de 

Cnokyn 
Thomas   de    Chaurces    Dns   de 

Norton 
Watfus  de  Bello  Campo  Diis  de 

Alcestre 
Ricardus  Talebot  Dns  de  Eckles- 

well 
Johannes     Botetourte     Dns 

Mendesham 

Johes  Engayn  Dns  de  Colum 
Hugo  Poynz  Diis  de  Corimalet 
Adam  Dns  Welle 
Simon  Dns  de  Monte  Acuto 


de 
de 


de 


cie 


Johes  Dns  de  Sullee 

Johes  de  Moeles  Dns  de  Caude- 

bury 

Edmundus  Baro  Stafford 
Johannes    Lovel     Dominus    de 

Dackingg 
Edmundus  de  Hastings  Dns  de 

Enchimeholmok 
Radulphus  filius  Wittmi  Dns  de 

Grimthorp 

Rofctus  de  Scales  Dnsde  Neuseles 
Witts  Touchet  Diis  de  Leuenhales 
Johes  Abadam  Dns  de  Bever- 

stone 
Johes   de    Haveringes    Dns   de 

Grafton 
Rofctus  la  Warde  Dns  de  Alba 

Aula 

Nichus  de  Segrave  Dns  de  Stowe 
\Valterus  de  Teye  Diis  de  Stand- 

greve 

Johes  de  Lisle  Dns  de  Wodeton 
Eustachius  Dns  de  Hacche 
Gilbertus  Pecche  Dns  de  Corby 
Witts  Paynell  I  >ns  de  Tracyngton 
Bogo  de   Knovill  Dns  de  Albo- 

monasterio 
Fulco    le    Estraunge     Dns    de 

Corsham 
Henricus  de  Pynkeny  Dominus 

de  Wedone 
Johannes  de  Hudleston  Dns  de 

Aneys 
Rogerus  de  Huntingfeld  Dns  de 

Bradenham 
Hugo    filius    Henrici     Dns    de 

Raveneswath 

Johannes  le  Breton  Dns  de  Sporle 
Nicus  de  Carru  Dns  de  Mulesford 
Thomas  Dns  de  la  Roche 
Walterus    de    Money    Dns    de 

Thornton 
Johes  filius  Marmeduci  Dns  de 

Hordene 

Johannes  Dns  de  Kingeston 
Robertus   Hastang    Dns    de   la 

Desiree 

Radulphus  Diis  de  Grendon 
Witts  Diis  de  Leyborn 
Johes    de    Greystok     Dns    de 

Morpath 
Mattheus    filius   Johis    Dns    de 

Stokenhame 
Nichus    de     Meynill     Dns    de 

Wherleton,  & 
Johes  Paynell    Dns  de  Otteleye, 

devota  pedum  oscula  beatorum. 


XX 


FACSIMILE  OF  BARONS'    LETTER  IN  THE  RECORD  OFFICE.      «  B  »    COPY. 


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Facsimile   of 

The   Barons*  Reply   to   the  Pope, 

transcribed  by  Nic.  Charles,  Lancaster  Herald,   1611. 


COTTON    MS.— JULIUS   C.   vn.  /  228*.      See  also  HARLEIAN    MS.  5804/228. 


DISTINGUISHED  BY  THE  RECORD   OFFICE  AS  LETTER  B. 


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f***' 


FACSIMILE    OF    BARONS'    SEALS,    1300.    "B"    Series. 

TRICKED  BY  "LANCASTER  HERALD,"  1611. 

The  order  of  the  cords  is  probably  correct,  though  the  proper  sequence  of  the  seals  in  some  of  the  cords  seems 
to  have  been  slightly  altered  to  economise  space.     The  letters  a-z  refer  to  the  Record  Office  arrangement. 

See  page  xxi. 


| 

CORD  ia.  John  de  Warenne,  Earl  of  Surrey 


Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  Leicester,  and  Ferrers. 
[  xxvi  ] 


CORD  2b.     Ralph  de  Monthermer,  Earl  of 
Gloucester  and  Hertford. 


Humphrey  de  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford  and 

Essex. 


[  xxvii  ] 


s\ 


CORD  y.     Guy  de  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  War- 
wick. 


Roger  Bigod,  Earl  of  Norfolk  and  Marshal 
of  England. 


6/1-  run  2*  I/  . 


JLf.    etfnlr^ct 


CORD  4tf.     Richard,  Earl  of  Arundel. 


Aymer  de  Valence,  lord  of 

Montigniac. 
William  de  Ley  burn. 


[  xxv  iij  ] 


/\ 


CORD  5^.      Henry  de  Lancaster,  lord  of 
Monmouth. 


Edmund  de  Mortimer,  lord  of  Wigmore. 
Fulk  Fitz\Varin,  lord  of  VVhitington. 


CORD  6.       Henry  de  Percy. 

[TAis  cord  with  its  three  seals 
is  nmv  missing.] 


Robert  Fiupayn,  lord  of  Lammer. 
John  FitzReginald,  lord  of  Blenleveny. 


[  xxix  ] 


. 

<**  te 


clt,   <%-,£ ••/ oujt. 


/\ 


CORD  ig.     John  de  St.  John,  lord  of  Halnaker. 


Rolaert  FitzVValter,  lord  of  Wodeham. 
Thomas  de  Berkele. 
John  de  Suleye. 


CORD  8//.     William  le  Latimer,  lord  of  Corby. 
Richard  Talbot,  lord  of  Kccleswell. 
John  de  Hodleston,  lord  of  Aneys. 


William  de  Breouse,  lord  of  (iower  and 

Bramber. 
John  de  Kotetourt,  lord  of  Mendlesham. 


[  xxx  ] 


CORD  9/'.      Robert  de  Clifford,  castellan  of  Appleby. 
Nicholas  de  Carreu,  lord  of  Moulsford. 
Emery  de  St.  Amand. 


Brian  FitzAlan,  lord  of  Hedale. 
Peter  Corbet,  lord  of  Cause. 


CORD 


Reginald  de  Grey,  lord  of  Ruthyn. 
John  de  Moeles,  lord  of  Cadbury. 


John  dc  Hastings,  lord  of  Abergaveny. 
Edmund  de  Hastings,  Earl  of  Mcnteith,  &c. 


[  xxxi  ] 


CORD  i  if.  Theobald  de  Verdon,  lord  of  Weobley. 
John  de  Beauchamp,  lord  of  Hatch. 


|  H.  de  Teiheis,  probably  inserted  here  to  save  space, 
John  de  Segrave.  \see\next  cord.} 

William  de  Ferrers,  lord  of  Groby. 
Robert  de  Tonny,  lord  of  Maud's  Castle.  • 


»> 


CORD  i2/.    Robert  de  Mounalt,  lord  of  Hawarden.  Hugh  de  Vere,  lord  of  Swanscombe. 

Hugh  Poyntz,  lord  of  Curry  Malet.  Henry  Tregoz,  lord  Goring. 

Henry  de  Teiheis,  lord  of  Chilton  (see  i  if).        William  Touchet,  lord  of  Levenhales. 


[  xxxii  ] 


CORD  \yti.  Robert  de  Tateshale,  lord  of  Buckenham. 
John  Lovell,  lord  of  Docking. 


John  le  Strange,  lord  of  Knockyn. 
Robert  de  la  Warde,  lord  of  Whitehall. 
William  de  Cantilupe,  lord  of  Ravensthorpe. 


CORD  1 40.  John  de  Havering,  lord  of  Grafton. 
\\"alter  de  Teye,  lord  of  Stonegrave. 


Alan  la  Souche,  lord  of  Ashby. 

Walter  de  Beauchamp,  lord  of  Alcestre. 


[  \\x\tj  ] 


I 


X\ 


CORD  1 5/.  Roger  de  Mortimer,  lord  of  Penkelly  [position 
evidently  altered  to  save  space]. 
X\ 


CORD  i6«.  Hugh  Bardolf,  lord  of  Wormegay. 

Thomas  de  Moulton,  lord  of  Egremont. 


[  xxxiv  ] 


\-]tt.  Kyme    and    Paynell    inserted    here  in 
Cotton  MS.  to  save  space  (see  next  page). 


Eustace  de  Hacche. 

William  Martin,  lord  of  Kemes. 


Walter  de  Huntercombe. 
Edmund,  baron  of  Stafford. 


-fifrf 


CORD  i-ju.  Simon  de  Montagu. 

Peter  de  Mauley  (the  third),  lord  of 
Mulgrave. 


Z    cU 


Philip  de  Kyme. 

John  Paynell,  lord  of,Otley. 

f  The  position  of  f /use  two  evidently  altered 
in  Cotton  AfS.  to  save  space.  ] 


CORD  1 8^.  Adam  de  Welle. 


Gilbert  Peche,  lord  of  Corby, 


[  xxxv  ] 


CORD  igr.  William  Paynell,  lord  of  Trotton. 


Thomas  de  Furriival,  lord  of  Sheffield. 
John  le  Breton,  lord  of  Sporle. 


CORD  2o/.   Thomas  de  Chaworth,  lord  of  Norton. 
Robert  de  Scales,  lord  of  Newsells. 


CORD  215.    Ralph  de  Nevile,  lord  of  Raby. 
Ralph  de  Grendon. 
John  de  Mohun,  lord  of  Dunster. 


Ov"  Le 


/\ 


CORD  22W.  Edmund  de  Eyncourt,  lord  of  Thurgarton. 
William  Marshal,  lord  of  Hingham. 


Henry  de  Pinkney,  lord  of  Weedon. 
Mathew  Kitzjohn,  lord  of  Stokenham. 
Thomas  de  la  Roche. 


[  xxxvi  ] 


CORD  23*.  Robert  Hastang,  lord  De  La  Desiree. 


John  de  Kingeston. 


JLe, 


/\ 


CORD  241'.  Walter  de  Faucunberge.  John  Fit/Marmaduke,  lord  of  Hordene. 

Roger  le  Kstrange,  lord  of  Ellesmere  (see  25).      Bogo  de  Knovile,  lord  of  Oswestry. 

Fulke  le  Kstrange,  lord  of  Corshani. 


[  xxxvii  ] 


n  yv<*.l+>9 
^e>£ 


/\ 


I  I 

CORD  25.  William  de  Ros.       [This  cord  and  its  five  seals 
Walter  de  Mouncy. 


T. 

Nicholas  Menyll. 


Jt  l 


CORD  26s.  John  de  Lonecaster,  lord  of  Grisedale. 
Hugh  Fitzhenry,  lord  of  Ravensworth. 


John  de  Greystok,  lord  of  Morpeth. 
Roger  de  Huntingfeld,  lord  of  Bradenham. 


tfcjk 


J     / 


-t 


y 


[rxxxviii  ] 


"7 


The  Wars  Across   the  Marches. 


x.\  xix 


The    Wars   Across   the  Marches. 

Adapted  from  Lingard  and  Green. 


EDWARD,  "  the  greatest  of  the  Plantagenets," 
aspired,  on  his  accession  in  1272,  to  unite 
in  his  person  the  sovereignty  of  the  whole 
island  of  Great  Britain.  "  He  had  been  famous  from 
his  very  youth  as  a  consummate  general ;  Earl  Simon 
had  admired  the  skill  of  his  advance  at  Evesham  :  '  It 
was  from  me  he  learnt  it,'  he  cried ;  and  in  his  Welsh 
campaign  he  had  shown  a  tenacity  and  force  of  will 
which  wrested  victory  out  of  the  midst  of  defeat.  He 
could  head  a  furious  charge  of  horse  at  Lewes,  or 
organise  a  commissariat  which  enabled  him  to  move 
army  after  army  across  the  harried  Lowlands.  In  his 
old  age  he  was  quick  to  discover  the  value  of  the 
English  archery,  and  to  employ  it  as  a  means  of 
victory  at  Falkirk.  But  his  fame  as  a  general  seemed 
a  small  thing  to  Edward  when  compared  with  his 
fame  as  a  knight.  .  .  .  There  was  a  nobleness  in 
his  nature  from  which  the  baser  influences  of  the 
'chivalry,'  so  familiar  in  Froissart,  fell  away.  His 
life  was  pure,  his  piety,  save  when  it  stooped  to  the 
superstition  of  the  time,  manly  and  sincere,  while  his 
high  sense  of  duty  saved  him  from  the  frivolous  self- 
indulgence  of  his  successors.  But  he  was  far  from 
being  wholly  free  from  the  taint  of  his  age.  His 
passionate  desire  was  to  be  a  model  of  the  fashion- 
able chivalry  of  his  day." 

"The  youth  of  Edward  the  First  had  already 
given  promise  of  the  high  qualities  which  distinguished 
him  as  an  English  ruler.  ...  He  had  sided  with  the 
barons  at  the  outset  of  their  struggle  with  Henry,  he 
had  striven  to  keep  his  father  true  to  the  Provisions 
of  Oxford.  It  was  only  when  the  crown  seemed 
falling  into  bondage  that  Edward  passed  to  the  royal 
side  ;  and  when  the  danger  he  dreaded  was  over  he 
returned  to  his  older  attitude  .  .  .  severing  himself  from 
the  brutal  triumph  of  the  royalist  party;  he  secured 
fair  terms  to  the  conquered,  and,  after  crushing  the 
last  traces  of  resistance,  he  won  the  adoption  by  the 
Crown  of  the  constitutional  system  of  government  for 
which  the  barons  had  fought." 


The  barons,  the  feudal  lords  as  their  very  status 
implies,  were  the  principal  actors  in  the  great  political 
struggles  of  their  time,  and,  owing  to  their  military 
service  in  person,  were  ever  in  the  forefront,  under 
their  King,  "  in  his  subjugation  of  Wales  and  in  his 
attempted  subjugation  of  Scotland."  As  out  of  these 
campaigns  arise  the  most  interesting  episodes  of  his 
reign,  a  brief  historical  recital  will,  it  is  hoped,  be  a 
useful  supplement  to  the  historical  notices  of  those 
barons  whose  names  appear  in  this  work,  by  reason 
of  their  now  archaic  reply  to  Pope  Boniface  in  1301 
(see  page  xviii). 

In  1252,  Henry  III.  bestowed  Gascony  on  his 
first-born  son,  Edward,  and  on  his  marriage  granted 
him  the  earldom  of  Chester  and  all  the  lands  held  by 
the  Crown  in  Wales.  In  1256  the  violent  Geoffrey  of 
Langley  strove  to  set  up  a  shire  system  with  English 
laws,  at  the  expense  of  Welsh  local  customs,  and 
so  originated  the  Welsh  wars. 

As  Prince  Edward,  his  military  incursions  into 
Wales,  1256-7,  failed  in  their  objective,  for  not  only 
did  Llewelyn  (ap  Gryffydcl)  continue  to  defy  the 
English  King,  but  he  assumed  the  title  of  Prince  of 
Wales  and  sided  with  Simon  de  Montfort  during  the 
barons'  wars.  Montfort  was  at  Hereford  with  the 
captive  king  (Henry)  in  June  1265.  Edward,  how- 
ever, wiped  out  the  defeat  of  the  royal  army  at  Lewes 
in  1264  by  his  decisive  victory,  when  Montfort,  "in 
all  but  name  a  king,"  fell  at  Evesham  in  August  of 
the  following  year.  "In  1267  the  chieftain,  whom 
the  English  kings  had  till  then  scrupulously  desig- 
nated as  'Prince  of  Aberffraw,'  was  allowed  the 
title  of  Prince  of  Wales  with  the  right  to  receive 
homage  from  the  other  chieftains  of  his  principality. 
His  projected  marriage  with  Eleanor,  Earl  Simon's 
daughter,  involved  him  in  an  alliance  with  the  French 
crown." 

On  19  August  1270  the  Prince  sailed  from 
Dover  to  go  on  crusade  with  the  King  of  France, 
who  died  before  Tunis  six  days  later.  Edward 


xl 


The  Wars  Across  the   Marches. 


gained  several  battles  against  the  Saracens,  and 
sailed  for  Italy  15  August  1272.  Henry  III.  died 
three  months  after.  Fealty  was  at  once  sworn  to  the 
absent  King,  "  though  men  were  ignorant  whether  he 
was  alive,  for  he  had  gone  to  distant  countries 
beyond  the  sea,  warring  against  the  enemies  of 
Christ." 

After  performing  homage  for  his  fiefs,  Edward 
availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  to  reduce  the 
Gascons  to  obedience  and  to  settle  disputes  between 
his  subjects  and  the  Flemings.  As  he  journeyed 
to  his  coronation  he  found  time  to  joust  with  the 
Count  of  Chalons  at  a  tournament  at  Lyons  (Lingard), 
when  he  saved  his  life  by  sheer  fighting  (Green). 

Homage  was  at  once  (29  November  1272)  de- 
manded from  Llewelyn,  "  but  the  summons  was  fruit- 
less." '  In  1275  Edward  sei/.ed  (Eleanor)  Llewelyn's 
bride,  on  her  passage  from  France  to  Wales.  A  fierce 
attack  of  the  injured  prince  upon  the  Marchers  was 
followed  in  August  1277  by  an  expedition  under 
Edward.  The  royal  army  inarched  into  North  Wales. 
..."  The  fabric  of  Welsh  greatness  fell  at  a  single 
blow."  Deserted  by  those  chieftains  who  had  so 
lately  sworn  fealty  to  him,  Llewelyn  was  "eventually 
forced  to  throw  himself  on  Edward's  mercy,"  and  the 
treaty  of  Con  way  was  ratified  at  Rhuddlan  10  Novem- 
ber 1277.  A  heavy  fine  which  he  had  incurred  was 
remitted  and  Eleanor  and  Llewelyn  were  wedded  at 
the  door  of  Worcester  Cathedral,  13  October  1277,  in 
the  presence  of  the  English  Court.  "  For  four  years 
all  was  quiet  across  the  Welsh  Marches." 

Llewelin's  brother  David,  who  had  deserted  him 
in  the  previous  war,  but  who  deemed  his  English 
lordship  an  inadequate  price  for  desertion,  incited 
Llewelyn  to  a  fresh  revolt.  Hawarden  Castle  was 
surprised  21  March  1282,  Flint  and  Rhuddlan  Castles 
were  destroyed.  On  Midsummer  Day  "  Edward 
again  marched  in  overpowering  strength  into  the 
heart  of  Wales,"  and  systematically  conquered  the 
country.  "  Llewelyn  2  fell  in  a  petty  skirmish  on  the 
Wye,  ii  December  1282,  slain  at  Builth,  in  Radnor, 
by  Adam  Frankton,  a  knight.  With  him  died  the 

'  Summoned  in  1274  to  perform  homage  and  made  default ; 
re-summoned  in  August  of  the  following  year  to  appear  at 
Chester,  and  also  in  October  at  Westminster  ;  again  in  January 
1 276  to  appear  at  Winchester,  in  response  to  all  three  he  merely 
sent  frivolous  excuses.  In  response  to  a  final  summons  in  April  to 
appear  at  Westminster,  he  addressed  a  letter  to  the  King  offer- 
ing to  pay  homage  at  Montgomery  or  at  Whiteminster  under 
conditions.  On  12  April  (1276)  judgment  was  given  against 
him  as  a  rebel  and  disturl>er  of  the  peace.  All  who  owed  the 
King  service  were  ordered  to  assemble  at  Worcester  24  June 
1277,  and  Roger  de  Mortimer  and  William  de  Beauchamp, 
1  Captains,"  were  appointed  in  the  Counties  of  Salop,  Stafford 
Hereford,  Chester,  and  Lancaster,  to  resist  his  incursions. 

;  His    misdeeds,  trespasses,  and  death  are  recited  in  the 
it  ot  Summons  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury,  so  Sept 
283,   the  writ  tested  at   Khuddlan    28  June.     In  June    1287 
rs  ap  Meredyth  was  in  rebellion  ;  his  following  was  worsted 
before  the  end  of  the  year,  ami   their   leader  hanged  at  York 
n    1316   Llewelyn    Uren  was  in   reunion,    in   alliance  with 
•  iward  Jiruce,  bat  was  induced  to  submit  the  same  year 


independence  of  the  race."    The  subjugation  of  Wales 
ended  the  following  year  with  the  execution  of  David. 

"  Following  the  policy  of  Henry  II.,  at  the  very 
outset  of  his  reign  Edward  instituted  a  commission  of 
enquiry  into  the  judicial  franchises  still  existing,  and 
on  its  report  itinerant  justices  were  sent  to  discover 
by  what  right  these  franchises  were  held.  The  writs 
of  '  quo  warranto  '  (1279)  were  roughly  met  here  and 
there.  Earl  Warenne  (see  page  2)  bared  a  rusty 
sword,  and  flung  it  on  the  justices'  table.  '  This, 
sirs,'  he  said,  '  is  my  warrant.  By  the  sword  our 
fathers  won  their  lands  when  they  came  over  with  the 
Conqueror,  and  by  the  sword  we  will  keep  them.'  .  .  . 
Throughout  his  reign  his  strong  hand  was  needed  to 
enforce  order  on  warring  nobles.  Great  earls,  such 
as  those  of  Gloucester  and  Hereford,  carried  on  private 
war;  in  Shropshire  the  Earl  of  Arundel  (see  page  21) 
waged  his  feud  with  Fulk  Fitz  Warine  "  (see  page  40), 
as  the  Marshal  attempted  to  do  in  Norfolk  with  the 
Segraves  in  the  following  reign  (see  pages  1 1 1 , 1 50, 1 90). 

"Edward  was  suddenly  called  away  from  his 
nobler  schemes  of  legal  and  administrative  reforms  to 
face  complex  questions  which  awaited  him  in  the 
North." 

In  David's  reign  a  feudal  jurisprudence  modelled 
on  that  of  England  had  been  introduced  into  the 
Lowlands  of  Scotland.  ..."  His  Court  had  become 
filled  with  Norman  nobles  from  the  South,  such  as 
the  Balliols  and  Bruces,  who  were  destined  to  play  so 
great  a  part  afterwards,  but  who  now  for  the  first 
time  obtained  fiefs  in  the  Scottish  realm.  A  baronial 
connection  between  the  countries  which  had  origi- 
nated with  the  grant  of  lordships  in  England  to  the 
Scots  kings  or  their  sons."  The  Earldoms  of  Hun- 
tingdon and  Cambridge  were  -held  by  David's  son, 
John  le  Scot ;  his  grandfather  was  Earl  of  Hunting- 
don 1136,  and  of  Northumberland  1139. 

"  Homage  was  sometimes  rendered,  whether  for 
these  lordships,  for  the  Lowlands,  or  for  the  whole 
Scottish  realm,  but  it  was  the  capture  of  William  the 
Lion  during  the  revolt  of  the  English  baronage  which 
suggested  to  Henry  II.  the  project  of  a  closer 
dependence  of  Scotland  on  the  English  Crown.  An 
accommodation  was  effected  agreeable  to  Henry 
which  the  prodigality  of  Richard  enabled  Scotland 
to  reverse."  But  the  Scots  Kings  repeatedly  did 
homage  to  the  English  sovereign  "  with  a  reservation 
of  rights  which  were  prudently  left  unspecified." 
"  For  nearly  a  hundred  years  this  plan  worked 
amicably  and  the  two  countries  continued  on  friendly 
terms,  when  the  death  of  Alexander  in  1286  seemed 
calculated  to  unite  them  yet  more  closely." 

Alexander's  grandchild  and  heir  Margaret,  "the 
Maid  of  Norway,"  was  but  a  girl  and  living  with  her 
father  across  the  sea.  "The  Scotch  parliament 
proposed  her  marriage  with  her  first  cousin,  the  son 
of  Edward. 

"By  the  marriage  treaty  of  Brigham,   17  March 


The   Wars  Across  the   Marches. 


xli 


1289-90,  it  was  specifically  ordained  that  Scotland 
should  retain  its  independence,"  be  subject  to  no 
military  service,  the  decrees  of  its  law  courts  to  be 
final  and  beyond  appeal.  But  the  Child-Queen  died 
before  she  reached  her  kingdom,  about  26  September 
1290.  On  the  other  hand  "immediately  on  Alex- 
ander's death  a  swarm  of  competitors  had  appeared 
to  claim  the  vacant  throne.''  Edward,  being  appointed 
arbiter,  "was  thus  drawn  into  far  other  relations  to 
the  Scottish  realm." 

"Of  the  thirteen  competitors  for  the  Scottish 
throne,  only  three  could  be  regarded  as  serious 
claimants.  By  the  extinction  of  the  line  of  William 
the  Lion,  the  right  of  succession  passed  to  the 
daughters  of  his  brother  David  ;  the  claim  of  John 
Balliol,1  Lord  of  Galloway,  rested  on  his  descent 
from  the  eldest  of  these,  that  of  Robert  Bruce,2 
Lord  of  Annandale,  on  his  descent  from  the  second  ; 
that  of  John  Hastings,3  Lord  of  Abergavenny,  on 
his  descent  from  the  third,"  see  page  37. 

By  the  parliament  of  Norham  May  1291,  the 
decision  was  left  to  Edward,  and  commissioners  were 
appointed  to  report  on  the  claims  to  the  Scottish 
throne.  During  the  interim  all  the  rights  of  a  feudal 
suzerain  were  at  once  assumed  by  the  English  ; 
Edward  entered  into  the  possession  of  the  country  as 
into  that  of  a  disputed  fief  to  be  held  by  its  overlord 
till  the  dispute  was  settled,  whilst  its  bishops  and 
nobles  swore  homage  to  him  directly  as  their  lord 
superior.  Scotland  thus  unexpectedly  found  itself 
once  more  under  the  regime  instituted  by  Henry  II. 
"  A  proposal  for  the  partition  of  the  realm  among  the 
claimants  was  rejected  as  contrary  to  Scottish  law  ;  " 
and  at  the  close  of  the  year  1292  the  claim  of  Balliol 
as  representative  of  the  elder  branch  was  finally  pre- 
ferred to  that  of  his  rivals.  The  kingdom  of  Scotland 
was  awarded  to  John  Balliol  in  the  hall  of  the 
castle  at  Berwick  on  the  iyth  of  November,  his 
homage  was  accepted  eleven  days  after  ..."  and 
for  a  time  there  was  peace." 

"  With  the  accession  of  Balliol  and  the  rendering 
of  his  homage  for  the  Scottish  realm,  the  greatness  of 
Edward  reached  its  height.  He  was  Lord  of  Britain 
as  no  English  King  had  been  before.  The  last 
trace  of  Welsh  independence  was  trodden  under 
foot.  Across  the  one  sea  he  was  Lord  of  (iuienne, 
across  the  other  of  Ireland,  and  in  England  itself  a 
wide  and  generous  policy  had  knit  the  whole  nation 
round  his  throne." 

The  judicial  independence  of  Scotland,  reserved 
to  itself  by  the  treaty  of  Brigham,  excluded  the  right 

'  lialliol,  a  feudal  lord  of  Bywell  in  Norlhumlierland, 
had  served  in  the  expedition  against  Llewelyn  Prince  of  Wales 
in  1277,  and  again  in  1282;  in  the  following  year  he  had 
summons  to  the  parliament  or  council  at  Shrewsbury. 

1  Bruce,  a  feudal  lord,  of  Skelton,  in  Yorkshire.  When 
Alexander  performed  homage  in  1278  he  empowered  Robert 
the  son  of  this  Bruce  to  take  (he  oath  of  fealty  in  his  name. 

:l   I  Listings,  one  of  the  marcher  lords  of  Wales  (see  page  37). 


of  appeal  by  the  Scottish  subject  to  an  English  law 
court.  On  1 6  January  1292-3  a  notarial  protest  w.is 
entered  on  Ixjhalf  of  the  King  of  England,  reserving 
his  full  right  to  hear  appeals  from  Scotland.  In  the 
jurisprudence  of  the  feudal  lawyers  this  right  of  the 
subject  and  the  prerogative  of  the  over-lord  was 
held  to  be  the  very  test  of  sovereignty,  and  Edward 
was  determined  to  uphold  it.  Four  citations  to 
answer  in  the  Court  of  the  King  of  England  and 
prove  the  legality  of  his  judgments  were  disregarded 
by  Balliol, — though  he  did  appear  to  a  summons 
and  defended  his  own  cause  at  Westminster  Hall 
in  the  principal  case  of  Macduff,  son  of  Malcolm 
Earl  of  Fife,  it  was  never  settled, — war  ensued, 
which  deprived  Balliol  of  his  kingdom  .  .  .  .  "  Balliol 
at  first  gave  way,  and  it  was  not  till  1293  that  he 
took  up  an  attitude  of  resistance ;  his  weakness 
and  incapacity  however  soon  embroiled  him  with 
his  subjects,  who  compelled  him  to  revolt  against 
England.  This  gave  Edward  a  pretext  for  carrying 
out  his  cherished  scheme  of  conquering  Scotland  .  .  . 
Balliol's  wounded  pride  made  him  the  tool  of  a  power 
beyond  the  sea.  He  was  in  fact  looking  to  France, 
which  was  jealously  watching  Edward's  proceedings 
and  ready  to  force  him  into  war.  .  .  .  This  cul 
initiated  in  a  secret  alliance  with  France  followed  by 
a  papal  absolution  of  Balliol  from  his  oath  of  fealty. 
On  5  April  1296  Balliol  formally  renounced  allegiance 
to  the  English  King. 

"In  1293  Edward  suffered  the  experience  of 
Balliol,  in  his  Duchy  of  Aquitaine,  from  his  overlord 
the  King  of  France."  A  fisherman's  feud  resulted  in 
buccaneering  on  a  great  scale,  the  Norman  fleet  then 
pillaged  the  coast  of  Gascony  and  fell  a  prize  to  the 
English.  "  Philip  demanded  satisfaction  from  Edward 
as  Duke  of  Aquitaine."  In  the  result  Guienne  was 
formally  ceded  to  France  for  forty  days,  but  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time  its  promised  restoration  was 
refused.  Edward  was  driven  to  take  up  arms ;  the 
elements  conspired  against  him  and  for  seven  weeks 
he  was  detained  at  Portsmouth  by  contrary  winds,1 
the  Welsh,  who  believed  him  to  have  sailed,  revolted, 
under  Madoc  ap  Morgan,  the  expedition  to  Guienne 
was  abandoned  for  one  into  Wales,  again  the  con- 
quest of  Wales  was  achieved."  Madoc  died  a 
prisoner  in  the  Tower  1295. 

It  was  Midsummer  1295  before  Edward  returned 
to  London.  A  parliament  of  the  three  estates  of  the 

1  In  1294  the  King  of  Scotland  (with  eighteen  01  his 
magnates)  was  ordered  to  perform  in  person  the  military 
service  due  for  his  lands  ami  tenements  in  England  and  to 
join  the  muster  at  Portsmouth,  1  September  prorogued  to  the 
3Olh  — for  the  expedition  into  Gascony.  Balliol  evaded  the 
summons  and  concluded  an  alliance  with  Philip  of  Krance 
23  October  1295.  Kdward,  however,  anticipated  this  seven 
days  l>efore  by  seizing  all  lands  in  England  belonging  to 
Balliol  and  all  other  Scotsmen. 

On  1 6  December  1295  the  army  was  summoned  to  march 
against  Balliol,  and  ordered  to  muster  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
I  March. 


xlii 


The  Wars  Across  the   Marches. 


realm  was  summoned,  in  which  for  the  first  time 
since  that  called  by  Earl  Simon  in  1265,  two 
burgesses  "from  every  city  borough  and  leading 
town"  within  his  realm  sat  side  by  side  with  the 
knights,  nobles  and  Barons  of  the  great  Council  '  : 
and  thence 

"...   Freedom  slowly  broadens  down, 
From  precedent  to  precedent." 

The  subsidies  granted  by  this  Parliament  of  1295 
furnished  the  King  with  the  means  of  warfare  with 
both  Scotland  and  France. 

War  commenced  in  the  north  with  the  capture 
of  Werk  Castle,  belonging  to  Robert  de  Ros  (see 
page  173)  ;  followed  by  the  capture  of  Berwick 
30  March  ;  "  its  wooden  stockade  was  stormed  with 
the  loss  of  a  single  knight";  Dunbar  Castle  was 
taken  27  April  1296  ;  Edinburgh,  Stirling,  and  Perth 
opened  their  gates,  Bruce  joined  the  English  army, 
and  Balliol  himself  "  surrendered  and  passed  from  his 
throne  to  an  English  prison."  He  resigned  his 
realm,  people  and  royal  seal  at  Brechin  Castle 
10  July.  Their  Coronation  stone  of  Scone  was  taken 
to  Westminster  Abbey,  but  the  regalia  were  restored 
by  Edward  III.  "  The  nobles  and  prelates  did 
homage  (Ragman  Roll},  English  garrisons  were  placed 
in  their  strongholds,  and  the  government  entrusted  to 
Englishmen.  Warenne  (see  page  3)  became  guar- 
dian of  the  realm  3  September  1296,  at  the  head  of 
an  English  Council  of  Regency." 

"  The  wrath  of  the  Scots,  already  kindled  by  the 
intrusion  of  English  priests  into  Scotch  livings,  and 
by  the  grant  of  lands  across  the  border  to  English 
barons,  was  fanned  to  fury  by  the  strict  administra- 
tion of  law,  and  the  repression  of  feuds  and  cattle 
lifting.  .  .  .  The  disgraceful  submission  of  their 
leaders,  fearful  of  the  forfeiture  of  their  English 
fiefs,  brought  the  people  themselves  to  the  front." 
William  Wallace,  an  outlaw  knight,  was  the  first  to 
assert  freedom  as  a  national  birthright,  and  amidst  the 
despair  of  nobles  and  priests  to  call  the  people  itself 
to  arms — thus  the  War  of  Independence  began. 
They  revolted  against  the  English  authority,  and 
under  his  leadership  defeated  "  the  Guardian,"  John 
de  Warenne,  at  Stirling  Bridge,  n  Sept.  1297,  and 
slew  or  expelled  the  English  Governors.  Wallace  with 
Andrew  de  Moravia  plundered  and  burned  Hexham, 
and  ravaged  the  northern  counties  in  November  and 
December  1297.  On  the  preceding  9  July  Bruce, 
who  had  suddenly  transferred  his  arms  to  the  side  of 
Scotland,  again  changed  sides,  at  Irvine. 

"  The  Scotch  war  more  than  exhausted  the  aids 
granted    by    the    Parliament.       The    treasury    was 

'  The  policy  of  the  Despencers,  together  with  the  assumption 
I  legislative  action  by  the  baronage,  evoked  the  famous 
provision  of  the  Parliament  of  1322  :  "  the  estate  of  the  Crown, 
or  of  the  realm  and  people,  shall  be  treated,  accorded,  and 
established  in  Parliaments  by  our  Lord  the  King  and  by 
the  consent  of  the  prelates,  earls,  barons,  and  commonalty  of 
the  realm,  according  as  hath  been  hitherto  accustomed." 


utterly  drained  ;  the  costly  fight  with  the  French 
in  C.ascony  called  for  supplies,  while  the  King  was 
planning  a  yet  costlier  attack  on  northern  France 
with  the  aid  of  Flanders.  It  was  sheer  want  which 
drove  Edward  to  tyrannous  extortion.  His  first  blow- 
fell  on  the  Church.  The  country  gentlemen  were 
compelled  to  take  up  knighthood,  or  to  compound 
for  exemption  from  the  burthensome  honour.  The 
baronage  roused  itself  to  resistance,  and  the  two 
greatest  of  the  English  nobles,  the  Constable  and  the 
Marshal,  Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford  (see  page  n)  and 
Bigod,  Earl  of  Norfolk  (seepage  15),  placed  them- 
selves at  the  head  of  the  opposition.  Their  protest 
against  the  war  and  the  financial  measures  by  which 
it  was  carried  on  took  the  practical  form  of  a  refusal 
to  lead  a  force  to  Gascony  as  Edward's  lieutenants, 
while  he  himself  sailed  for  Flanders  (22  Aug.  1297). 
They  availed  themselves  of  the  plea  that  they  were 
not  bound  to  foreign  service  save  in  attendance  on 
the  King.  '  By  God,  Sir  Earl,'  swore  the  King  to 
Bigod,  ' you  shall  either  go  or  hang  ! '  'By  God, 
Sir  King,'  was  the  cool  reply,  '  I  will  neither  go  nor 
hang ! ' ):  They  were  deprived  of  their  offices  of 
marshal  and  constable.  They  appeared  in  arms, 
with  articles  whereby  the  King  was  to  renounce  the 
right  of  taxation  without  national  consent — to  this 
Prince  Edward,  as  Regent,  agreed,  and  obtained  the 
King's  confirmation  at  Ghent  5  November  1297. 

Edward  had  now  undertaken  the  recovery  of 
Guienne,  nor  could  he  be  diverted  from  his  object  by 
the  danger  of  losing  Scotland.  But  the  reduction  of 
Stirling  at  last  called  him  to  the  field.  "  In  the 
spring  of  1298  the  King's  diplomacy  had  at  last 
wrung  a  truce  from  Philip  the  Fair,  and  he  at  once 
returned  to  England  to  face  the  troubles  in  Scotland." 
Guienne  was  not  recovered  until  May  1303. 

"The  King,  who  marched  northward  with  a 
larger  host  than  had  ever  followed  his  banner,  was 
enabled  by  treachery  to  surprise  Wallace,  as  he  fell 
back  to  avoid  an  engagement  and  to  force  him  to 
battle  near  Falkirk,  22  July  1298.  The  Scotch  force 
consisted  almost  wholly  of  foot,  and  Wallace  drew  up 
his  spearmen  in  four  great  hollow  circles  or  squares, 
the  outer  ranks  kneeling,  and  the  whole  supported  by- 
bowmen  within,  while  a  small  force  of  horse  were 
drawn  up  as  a  reserve  in  the  rear.  It  was  the  forma- 
tion of  Waterloo,  the  first  appearance  in  our  history 
since  the  day  of  Senlac  of  '  that  unconquerable 
British  infantry,'  before  which  chivalry  was  destined 
to  go  down.  For  a  moment  it  had  all  Waterloo's 
success.  '  I  haf  brocht  you  to  the  ring,  hop 
(dance)  if  you  can,'  are  words  of  rough  humour  that 
reveal  the  very  soul  of  the  patriot  leader,  and  the 
serried  ranks  answered  well  to  his  appeal.  The 
Bishop  of  Durham,  who  led  the  English  van,  shrank 
wisely  from  the  look  of  the  squares.  '  Back  to  your 
mass,  Bishop,'  shouted  the  reckless  knights  behind 
him,  but  the  body  of  horse  dashed  itself  vainly  on 


The  Wars   Across  the  Marches. 


xliij 


the  wall  of  spears.  Terror  spread  through  the 
English  army,  and  its  Welsh  auxiliaries  drew  off  in  a 
body  from  the  field.  Hut  the  generalship  of  Wallace 
was  met  by  that  of  the  King.  Drawing  his  bowmen 
to  the  front,  Edward  riddled  the  Scottish  ranks  with 
arrows,  and  then  hurled  his  cavalry  afresh  on  the 
wavering  line.  In  a  moment  all  was  over,  and  the 
maddened  knights  rode  in  and  out  of  the  broken 
ranks,  slaying  without  mercy.  Thousands  fell  on  the 
field,  and  Wallace  himself  escaped  with  difficulty, 
followed  by  a  handful  of  men.  Hut  ruined  as  the 
cause  of  freedom  seemed,  his  work  was  done.  He 
had  roused  Scotland  into  life,  and  even  a  defeat  like 
Falkirk  left  her  unconquered.  Edward  remained 
master  only  of  the  ground  he  stood  on  ;  waft  of 
supplies  forced  him  to  retreat  ;  and  in  the  follpwing 
year  a  regency  of  Scotch  nobles  under  Bruce  and 
Comyn  continued  the  struggle  for  independence." 
Stirling  Castle  surrendered  to  the  Scots  in  November 

1299,  with  its  commandant,  John  Sampson,  and  its 
garrison  of  ninety  men.     The  Royal  army  assembled 
at  Carlisle  24  June  1300  ravaged  Galloway  and  took 
Caerlaverock  Castle   1 1  July.      "  Troubles  at  home 
and  dangers  from  abroad  stayed  Edward's  hand."     In 
July  of  the  following  year  Scotland  was  again  invaded, 
and  the  King  wintered  there. 

'•  Under  Wallace,  the  Scots  solicited  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Pontiff,  to  whom  it  is  rather  vaguely 
stated  they  had  exhibited  a  long  series  of  proofs 
that  the  Kings  o(  England  had  not,  nor  ought  to  have, 
any  superiority  over  the  K  ings  of  Scotland.  A  Papal 
Bull  or  Brief  (see  page  xiii)  dated  at  Anagni  27  June 
1299  was  sent  to  Edward  almost  in  the  very  words  of 
the  (undiscovered  !)  Scottish  memorial  (Lingard  II. 
561),  but  claiming  for  Pope  Boniface  himself,  on 
the  suggestion  of  France,  the  feudal  superiority  over 
Scotland. 

"The Hull  was  entrusted  to  Winchelsey,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  for  presentation  to  Edward  ;  a  favour- 
able opportunity  did  not  occur  until  26  or  27  August 

1 300,  when  the  prelate  was  received  by  the  K  ing  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Caerlaverock.     It  came  at  a  most 
critical  moment,  the  peace  with  France  had  not  yet 
been  concluded,  and  Gascony  was  still  sequestered  in 
the  hands  of  the  Pontiff.     In  order  to  gain  time  an 
armistice  was  granted  to  the  Scots."    A  parliament 
was  summoned  to  meet  at  Lincoln,  and  a  reply  (see 
page  xviii)  adverse  to  the  Papal  claim  was  formulated 
by  one  hundred  and  three  earls,  barons,  and  other 
"magnates"  (see   page  xix).     The    King   also  sup 
plemented  this  by  some    friendly   explanations   in  a 
long  letter '  dated  7  May.     A  quarrel  between  Philip 
le  Bel  and    the    Papacy    enabled   Edward   to   defy 
Boniface  and  to  obtain  from  France  a  treaty  in  which  * 
Scotland  was  abandoned. 

In   February  1302-3  Stirling  Castle  was  taken  by 

'  VYalsingham's  Vpodigma,  pp.  219-230. 


the  Scots,  who,  under  John  Comyn  and  Simon  Fraser, 
surprised  the  English  at  Rosslyn  under  Sir  John  de 
Segrave  (see  page  1 1 1 )  and  Ralph  de  M anton,  the 
"cofferer."  Sir  John  "with  twenty  knights  was 
captured,  but  the  Scots  were  very  shortly  after  com- 
pelled to  relinquish  their  prisoners.  Edward  was  now 
free  to  resume  the  work  of  invasion.  Again  the 
nobles  flung  down  their  arms  as  he  marched  to  the 
north.  Comyn  at  the  head  of  the  Regency 
acknowledged  his  sovereignty,  and  the  surrender  of 
Stirling  Castle  20  July  (1304)  by  Sir  William  Oliphant 
completed  the  subjugation  of  Scotland  for  the  second 
time."  Sir  John  de  Segrave  was  ap|x>intcd  Governor. 

"  A  general  amnesty  was  extended  to  all  who  had 
shared  in  the  revolt.  Wallace,  who  refused  to  avail 
himself  of  Edward's  mercy,  was  surprised,  it  is  said, 
in  his  bed  by  Sir  John  Monteith  and  given  up  to  Sir 
John  Segrave,  who  conducted  him  to  London.  The 
next  day  Wallace  stood  at  the  Bar  in  Westminster 
Hall  with  a  wreath  of  laurel  round  his  brow,  in 
derision  of  a  prediction  attributed  to  him,  that  he 
would  one  day  be  crowned  at  Westminster  "  (Lingard), 
"was  condemned  to  death  on  charges  of  treason,  sacri- 
lege and  robbery,  and  executed  23  August,  1305. 
The  head  of  the  great  patriot,  wreathed  in  laurel,  was 
placed  on  London  Bridge"  (Green).  "Scotland  was 
lost  through  the  jealousy  of  her  nobles,  who  preferred 
to  crouch  to  foreign  despots,  rather  than  owe  their 
deliverance  to  a  man  whose  birth  they  considered 
unequal  to  their  own  "  (Litigartt).  "  The  fate  of 
Wallace  was  in  reality  due  not  so  much  to  his  non- 
submission  to  an  English  King,  as  to  his  rooted 
abhorrence  of  submission  to  any  other"  (Lingard). 
"  We  have  come,"  said  the  patriot,  "  not  to  make  peace, 
but  to  free  our  country  "  (Green). 

Robert  Bruce  had  now  incurred  the  displeasure  of 
the  King  by  complaining  of  the  execution  of  Wallace, 
and  was  only  saved  from  imprisonment  by  flight. 

"In  1305  a  convocation  was  summoned  at  Perth 
for  the  election  of  ten  Scottish  representatives  in  the 
Common  Parliament  of  the  realm  ' ;  the  settlement 
of  Scotland  seemed  complete.  Edward,  in  fact,  was 
preparing  for  a  joint  Parliament  of  the  two  nations  at 
Carlisle,  when  the  conquered  country  suddenly  sprang 
again  to  arms  under  Robert  Bruce,  the  grandson  of 
one  of  the  original  claimants  of  the  crown.  The 
Norman  house  of  Bruce  formed  a  part  of  the  York- 
shire baronage,  and  had  acquired  through  inter- 
marriages the  Earldom  of  Carrick  and  the  Lordship 
of  Annandale." 

"In  the  church  of  the  Grey  Friars  at  Dumfries 
Bruce  met  the  Regent  Comyn,  the  Lord  of  Badenoch, 
to  whose  treachery  he  attributed  the  disclosure  of  his 
plans  and  his  intrigue  with  the  Bishop  of  St.  Andrews, 

1  In  February  1305  Bruce  was  appointed  one  of  the  Advisory 
Committee,  and  joined  in  a  petition  that  these  representatives 
should  have  their  tents  de  expensis.  In  September  their  elec- 
tion took  place  under  his  direction. 


xliv 


The  Wars  Across  the  Marches. 


and,  after  the  interchange  of  a  few  hot  words,  struck 
him  with  his  dagger  to  the  ground  (10  February 
1305-6).  It  was  an  outrage  that  admitted  of  no 
forgiveness,  and  Bruce  for  very  safety  was  forced 
to  assume  the  crown  six  weeks  after  (27  March) 
in  the  Abbey  of  Scone.  The  news  roused 
Scotland  again  to  arms,  and  summoned  Edward  to  a 
third  contest  with  his  unconquerable  foe."  Bruce 
invaded  the  Marches.  A  small  English  force  under 
Aymer  de  Valence  sufficed  to  rout  the  disorderly 
levies  which  gathered  round  the  new  monarch,  and 
the  flight  of  Bruce  to  the  "  moors  and  marshes  "  (to 
Cantyre  and  thence  to  the  Isles)  of  Scotland,  left  his 
followers  at  Edward's  mercy.  Bruce  himself  had 
offered  to  capitulate  to  Prince  Edward,  but  the  offer 
only  roused  the  old  king  to  fury.  "  Who  is  so  bold," 
he  cried,  "  as  to  treat  with  our  traitors  without  our 
knowledge?"  and  rising  from  his  sick-bed  he  led  his 
army  northwards,  on  his  last  march,  to  complete  the 
conquest.  But  the  hand  of  death  was  upon  him,  and 
in  the  very  sight  of  Scotland  the  old  man  breathed 
his  last  at  Burgh-upon-Sands,  7  July  1307. 

"  Under  Edward  II.  war  went  ceaselessly  on,  and 
with  the  march  of  war  went  on  the  ceaseless  growth 
of  Parliament."  The  Earl  of  Pembroke,  guardian  and 
lieutenant  of  Scotland,  continued  to  lead  the  army 
across  the  border  and  found  himself  master  of  the 
country  without  a  blow.  Bruce's  career  then  became 
that  of  a  desperate  adventurer  ;  and  for  several  years 
the  struggle  lasted.  In  1311  he  ravaged  the  North  of 
England,  and  in  the  next  he  overran  Durham,  and  in 
1313  retook  Perth,  the  castles  of  Roxburgh  and 
Edinburgh  and  many  fortresses,  besieged  Berwick 
and  invaded  the  Marches.  After  the  total  rout  at 
Bannockburn,  24  June  1314,  partly  the  result  of 
the  treachery  of  some  of  the  English  nobles,  Edward 
himself,  with  a  body  of  five  hundred  knights,  barely 
succeeded  in  escaping  to  Dunbar  and  the  sea. 

"  In  his  struggles  with  the  Scots,  Edward,  like  his 
father,  had  been  hampered  not  only  by  internal 
divisions,  the  struggles  with  the  Baronage,  but  by  the 
harassing  intervention  of  France." 

Edward  Bruce,  brother  of  King  Robert  I.,  with 
six  thousand  Scots,  landed  at  Carrickfergus,  on  the 
coast  of  Ulster  in  Ireland,  25  May  1315,  and  was 
crowned  king  twelve  months  after.  His  reign  was  a 
brief  one,  for  he  was  slain  at  Tagher,  near  Dundalk, 
14  October  1318. 

In  the  Parliament  of  July  1318  a  council  01 
sixteen,  headed  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster,  was  appointed 
to  "  assist  the  King " ;  a  proposal  was  suggested 
22  October  for  the  pardon  of  their  adherents  to  the 
exclusion  of  Warenne,  with  whom  Lancaster  had 
quarrelled. 

The  Scots  retook  Berwick  28  March  1318,  and  in 
May,  under  Ranulph,  invaded  and  devastated  the 
northern  counties.  Ranulph  and  Sir  James  Douglas 
won  a  victory  at  Mitton-on-Swale,  in  Yorkshire 


20  September  1319.  Robert  of  Scotland  entered 
England  i  July  1322  and  laid  it  waste  as  far  as  Stain- 
more,  together  with  the  County  of  Lancaster.  On 
12  August,  Edward  II.  invaded  Scotland,  but  was 
obliged  to  withdraw  for  lack  of  supplies,  and  on 
14  October  he  was  surprised  and  defeated  by  King 
Robert  near  Biland  Abbey,  in  Yorkshire,  when  he 
narrowly  escaped  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Scots. 

Under  Edward  III.  Edward  Balliol,  a  son  of  the 
former  King  John,  was  solemnly  received  as  a  vassal 
King  of  Scotland  at  the  English  Court.  This  insult 
roused  Bruce  to  hurl  his  marauders  again  over  the  bor- 
der under  Douglas  and  Randolph.  Fresh  campaigns 
were  undertaken  ;  "  on  one  occasion  the  Scots  were 
found  in  an  unassailable  position  on  the  Wear,  and 
the  English  levies  broke  hopelessly  up." 

"By  the  treaty  of  Northampton  (1330)  the  inde- 
pendence of  Scotland  was  formally  recognised,  and 
Bruce  acknowledged  as  its  King."  His  death  within 
a  year  "left  the  Scottish  throne  to  his  son  David,  a 
boy  of  eight  years  old."  "  The  claims  of  the  English 
and  Scottish  Barons,  which  were  provided  for  by  the 
treaty,  had  been  practically  set  aside."  "A  body  of 
nobles,  with  Edward  Balliol  at  their  head,  landed  on 
the  shores  of  Fife  (6  August  1332),  and  repulsed 
with  great  loss  an  army  which  attacked  him  near 
Perth."  Balliol  was  crowned  at  Scone  (24  September), 
while  David  Bruce  fled  helplessly  to  France.  Edward 
had  given  no  open  aid  to  the  enterprise,  but  the 
crisis  tempted  his  ambition,  and  he  demanded  and 
obtained  from  Balliol  an  acknowledgment  of  the 
English  suzerainty.  The  acknowledgment,  however, 
was  fatal  to  Balliol  himself.  He  was  at  once  driven 
from  his  realm,  "  one  leg  booted  and  the  other  naked," 
within  three  months  of  his  coronation.  Berwick, 
which  he  had  agreed  to  surrender  to  Edward,  was 
strongly  garrisoned  against  an  English  attack.  The 
town  was  soon  besieged,  but  a  Scotch  army  under  the 
regent  Douglas,  brother  to  the  famous  Sir  James, 
advanced  to  its  relief,  and  attacked  a  covering  force, 
which  was  encamped  on  the  strong  position  of 
Halidon  Hill  (19  July  1333).  The  English  bowmen, 
however,  vindicated  the  fame  they  had  first  won  at 
Falkirk,  and  were  soon  to  crown  in  the  victory  of  Crecy  ; 
and  the  Scotch  only  struggled  through  the  marsh  which 
covered  the  English  front  to  be  riddled  with  a  storm 
of  arrows,  and  to  break  in  utter  rout.  .  .  .  Balliol 
was  restored  to  his  throne  by  the  conquerors,  and  his 
formal  cession  of  the  Lowlands  to  England  rewarded 
their  aid,  to  the  mortal  offence  of  the  Scots,  by  whom 
he  was  compelled  to  flee  to  Berwick.  He  returned 
with  Edward  III.  in  the  invasion  of  the  following 
year.  During  the  next  two  years  Edward  persisted 
in  the  line  of  policy  he  had  adopted,  retaining  his 
hold  over  Southern  Scotland,  and  aiding  his  sub- 
king  Balliol  in  campaign  after  campaign  against  the 
despairing  efforts  of  the  nobles  who  still  adhered  to 
the  house  of  Bruce.  His  perseverance  was  all  but 


The  Wars  Across  the    Marches. 


xlv 


crowned  with  success,  when  the  outbreak  of  war 
with  .France  saved  Scotland  by  drawing  the  strength 
of  England  across  the  Channel.  The  patriot  party 
drew  again  together.  Balliol  found  himself  at  last 
without  an  adherent  and  withdrew  to  the  Court  of 
Edward,  while  David  returned  to  his  kingdom,  and 


won  back  the  chief  fastnesses  of  the  Lowlands.  The 
freedom  of  Scotland  was,  in  fact,  secured.  From  a 
war  of  conquest  and  patriotic  resistance  the  struggle 
died  into  a  petty  strife  between  two  angry  neighbours, 
which  became  a  mere  episode  in  the  larger  content 
between  England  and  France. 


GAVESTON   AND   THE   DESPENCERS. 


IT  was  the  settled  purpose  of  Edward  II.  to  fling 
off  the  yoke  of  the  baronage,  and  the  means  by 
which  he  designed  accomplishing  his  purpose  was  the 
choice  of  a  minister  wholly  dependent  on  the  Crown. 
Piers  (iaveston,  a  foreigner  sprung  from  a  family  of 
Guienne,  had  been  his  friend  and  companion  during 
his  father's  reign,  and  at  its  close  was  banished  from 
the  realm  May  to  July  1307  for  his  share  in  intrigues 
which  had  divided  Edward  from  his  son.  Brave  and 
accomplished,  ambitious,  ostentatious  and  imprudent 
to  offensiveness,  he  was  at  the  new  King's  accession 
recalled  and  created  Earl  of  Cornwall,  installed 
Regent  of  England,  and  so  loaded  with  honours  l  as 
to  give  the  greatest  offence  to  the  baronage.  On 
29  October  he  was  betrothed  to  the  King's  niece, 
Alianore  de  Clare,  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Gloucester. 
From  this  period  till  1312  the  barons  were  struggling 
against  the  favourite  and  the  King's  misgovernment. 
After  a  few  months  of  power  the  demand  of  the 
Parliament  for  his  dismissal  could  not  be  resisted, 
and  he  was  formally  banished  from  the  realm  18  May 
1308,  only  to  be  constituted  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
Ireland  in  the  following  month.  The  firmness  of 
the  baronage  sprang  from  their  having  found  a  head 
in  the  Earl  of  Lancaster,  son  of  Edmund,  Crouchback. 
His  leadership  proved  irresistible.  When  Edward 
at  the  close  of  the  parliament,  June  or  July  1309, 
recalled  Gaveston,  Lancaster  withdrew  from  the  royal 
council.  Gaveston  was  a  fine  soldier,  and  his  lance 
unhorsed  his  opponents  in  tourney  after  tourney.'2 
His  reckless  wit  flung  nicknames  about  the  Court ; 
the  Earl  of  Lincoln  was  "  burst  belly  "  (boele  crevee), 
I-ancaster  was  "the  hog,  the  fiddler  (vielers)  or 
play-actor  (histrio),"  Gloucester,  his  own  brother-in- 

1  He  received  a  grant  of  the  County  of  Cornwall  l>y  charter 
dated  at  Dumfries  6  August  1307,  and'  l>ecame  thereby  Karl  of 
Cornwall ;  King's  Gustos  and  Lieutenant  of  the  Kingdom, 
26  Deceml>er  1307  to  February  1308  ;  liearer  of  the  Crown 
(of  St.  Edward)  at  the  Coronation,  25  February  1308.  His 
other  services  were  the  redemption  of  the  "Curtana"  sword 
and  the  fixing  of  the  spur  on  the  King's  left  fiiot.  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland  16  June  1308  to  September  1309,  &c.  &c. 

Proffered  the  service  of  three  knights'  fees  for  all  his  lands 
in  England,  performed  by  three  knights  with  six  Iwrded  horses. 
Mustrr  at  Tweedmouth,  18  September  1310;  and  I  October 
appointed  "  Custos "  of  the  Forests  "  citra  Trentam  "  in 
supersession  of  John  de  Segrave. 

l6October  1313,  the  Earlsof  Lancaster,  Hereford,  Warwick, 
and  all  their  adherents,  retainers  and  confederates  obtain 
general  pardons  for  their  participation  in  his  death,  &c. 

1  On  2  l)eceml>er  1307  he  held  a  tournament  at  Wallingfofd, 
defeating  the  Earls  of  \Varenne,  Hereford,  and  Arundel. 


law,  was  "  horeson  filz  a  puteyne,"  Pembroke  "  Joseph 
the  lew,"  Warwick  "the  black  hound  of  Arden," 
"  let  him  call  me  hound,  one  day  the  hound  will 
bite  him." — Chron.  Lanercost,  p.  216.  Hut  taunt  and 
defiance  broke  helplessly  against  the  iron  mass  of 
the  baronage. 

A  parliament  which  met  in  1310,  the  barons 
attending  in  arms,  resolved  that  the  affairs  of  the 
realm  should  be  entrusted  for  a  year  to  a  body  of 
twenty-one  "Ordainers,"  modelled  on  the  Provisions 
of  the  Oxford  parliament  of  1258.  A  formidable  list 
of  "Ordinances"  drawn  up  by  the  twenty -one ' 
met  Edward  on  his  return  with  Gaveston  from  a 
fruitless  warfare  with  the  Scots.  By  this  long  and 
important  statute  Gaveston  was  banished.  The 
exile  of  Gaveston,  30  September  1311,  was  the  sign 
of  the  barons'  triumph ;  his  recall  18  January  follow- 
ing renewed  a  strife  which  was  only  ended  by  his 
surrender  in  Scarborough  Castle,  on  promise  of  life. 
The  "  Black  Hound  "  of  Warwick  had  sworn  that 
the  favourite  should  feel  his  teeth  ;  and  Gaveston, 
who  flung  himself  in  vain  at  the  feet  of  the  Earl  of 
tancaster,  praying  for  pity  "from  his  gentle  lord," 
was  beheaded  19  June  1312,  in  defiance  of  the 
terms  of  his  capitulation  on  Blacklow  Hill.  The 
King's  burst  of  grief  was  as  fruitless  as  his  threats  of 
vengeance;  a  feigned  submission  of  the  conquerors 
completed  the  royal  humiliation,  and  on  20  December 
the  barons  knelt  before  Edward  at  Westminster  Hall 
to  receive  a  pardon  which  seemed  the  deathblow  of 
the  royal  power.  Special  pardons  were  granted  to 
all  concerned  16  October  following. 

The  new  advisers  on  whom  the  King  now  (1321) 
leaned  were  the  older  and  the  younger  Hugh  I,e 
Despencer.  The  rise  of  the  younger  was  rapid 
enough  to  excite  general  jealousy.  A  friend  of 
Lancaster's  and  a  favourite  of  the  King,  who,  in 

1  The  selection  of  the  twenty-one  Ordainers  affords  an  early 
example  of  election  procedure— the  Council  apparently  consisted 
of  eleven  prelates  and  eight  earls,  for  no  l«ron>  are  named,  of  these 
nineteen,  fifteen  were  elected,  together  wilh  six  larons.  The 
prelates  elected  the  Karlsof  Lincoln  and  Pembroke,  who  then  co- 
opted  the  Bishops  of  London  and  Sali-Uiry,  and  Barons  Hugh  de 
Vere  and  William  le  Marshal.  These  six  then  elected  or  Co- 
opted  from  their  original  Council  five  prelates  and  six  earls,  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Bishops  of  Cl'ichester,  Norwich,  St. 
David  and  I.hndall ;  Karls  of  Gloucester,  Lancaster,  Hereford, 
Richmond,  Warwick  and  Arundel,  and  to  them  were  added 
four  barons,  viz.,  Roliert  Fitz  Roger,  Hugh  de  Courtenay, 
William  Martin,  and  John  de  Grey.  All  were  sworn  together 
in  the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310. 


xlvi 


Gaveston    and    the    Despencers. 


1313,  had  succeeded  Gaveston  as  Chamberlain, 
receiving  from  the  King  the  county  of  Glamorgan 
with  the  hand  of  its  heiress  (De  Clare).  He  then  pro- 
ceeded to  increase  his  lands  at  the  expense  of  his 
neighbours :  he  seized  Newport,  which  belonged  to 
Audley,  and  tried  to  get  the  King  to  resume  some 
of  Mortimer's  lands,  together  with  those  of  Braose  and 
Gower,  and  so  laid  the  foundation  of  the  confederacy 
which  eventually  crushed  him.  War  began  in  the 
Marches,  and  during  the  early  part  of  1321  the  lands 
of  the  Despencers,  including  sixty-nine  manors 
situated  in  eighteen  counties  of  England  and  Wales, 
were  ravaged  by  (the  Earl  of  Hereford  and  other 
nobles)  their  "enemies,  who  committed  great  spoil, 
carrying  off  cattle,  hunting  deer,  breaking  open  chests, 
&c."  Lancaster  found  little  difficulty  in  extorting  by 
force  of  arms  in  July  1321  the  exile  of  father  and  son 
from  the  kingdom.  General  letters  of  pardon  were 
granted  20  August  (1321)  for  all  offences  committed 
in  the  "  pursuit "  of  the  Despencers  from  i  March 
to  19  August,  to  the  Marcher  lords,  Humphry  de 
Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford  and  Essex,  Roger  de 
Mortimer  de  Wigmore,1  Roger  de  Mortimer  de 
Chyrk,1  Roger  Damory,  brother-in-law  of  Despencer 
junior,  Bartholomew  de  Badlesmere,  John  de 
Moubray,  John  Giffard  de  Brymmesfeld,  John  de 
Garenne,  Earl  of  Surrey,  Hugh  Daudele  le  pier,  Hugh 
Daudele  le  fuiz,  Richard  de  Grey  de  Codenore, 
together  with  their  followers  and  others. 

"But  the  tide  of  popular  sympathy,  already 
wavering,  was  turned  to  the  royal  cause  by  an  insult 
offered  to  the  Queen,  against  whom  Lady  Badlesmere 
had  closed  the  doors  of  Ledes  Castle,  and  the 
unexpected  energy  shown  by  Edward  in  avenging  the 
insult  gave  fresh  strength  to  his  cause.  He  marched 
against  the  castle,  captured  it,  and  hanged  the 
governor,  Thomas  Colepeper,  31  Oct.  1321.  He  found 
himself  strong  enough  to  recall  Despencer  (3  Decem- 
ber), and  when  Lancaster  convoked  the  baronage  to 
force  him  again  into  exile  the  weakness  of  their  party 
was  shown  by  the  treasonable  negotiations  into  which 
the  Earl  entered  with  the  Scots,  and  by  his  precipitate 
retreat  to  the  north  on  the  advance  of  the  royal  army. 


1  The   Mortimers   at     Wigmore    and    Chirk    ' 
Northern  Marches  almost  as  independent  princes." 


ruled    the 


At  Boroughbridge  (16  March  1321-2)  his  forces  were 
arrested  and  dispersed,  and  the  Earl  himself,  brought 
captive  before  Edward  at  Pontefract,  was  tried  and 
condemned  to  death  as  a  traitor. 

"  But  the  arrogance  of  the  Despencers,  the  assump- 
tion of  all  legislative  action  by  the  baronage  alone,  the 
utter  failure  of  a  fresh  campaign  against  Scotland, 
and  the  humiliating  truce  for  thirteen  years  which 
Edward  was  forced  to  conclude  with  Robert  Bruce 
soon  robbed  the  Crown  of  its  temporary  popularity, 
and  led  the  way  to  the  sudden  catastrophe  which 
closed  this  disastrous  reign.  It  had  been  arranged 
that  the  Queen,  a  sister  of  the  King  of  France,  should 
revisit  her  home  to  conclude  a  treaty  between  the  two 
countries  whose  quarrel  was  again  verging  upon  war  ; 
and  her  son,  a  boy  of  twelve  years  old,  followed  her 
to  do  homage  in  his  father's  stead  for  the  duchies  of 
Gascony  and  Aquitaine.  Neither  threats  nor  prayers, 
however,  could  induce  either  wife  or  child  to  return 
to  his  court ;  and  the  Queen's  connection  with  a 
secret  conspiracy  of  the  baronage  was  revealed  when 
the  primate  and  nobles  hurried  to  her  standard  on  her 
landing  with  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  Mortimer  at 
Orwell,  in  Suffolk.  Deserted  by  all,  and  repulsed  by 
the  citizens  of  London  whose  aid  he  implored,  the 
King  fled  hastily  to  the  west  and  embarked  with  the 
Despencers  for  Lundy  Isle  ;  but  contrary  winds 
flung  the  fugitives  again  on  the  Welsh  coast  (at  Neath), 
where  they  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  new  Earl  of 
Lancaster." 

In  September  1326  the  Queen  marched  to 
Bristol.  The  King  and  his  favourite's  father  soon 
took  refuge  in  flight,  only  to  surrender  at  Llantrissant 
on  16  November.  On  27  October  the  "elder"  Des- 
pencer was  hanged  outside  the  city,  and  the  "younger ' 
was  hanged  at  Hereford  on  the  29th  of  the  following 
month  on  a  gibbet  fifty  feet  high  ;  the  King  was  placed 
in  ward  at  Kenilworth  till  his  fate  could  be  decided 
by  a  Parliament  summoned  for  that  purpose  at 
Westminster  (January  1327).  The  Peers  who 
assembled  fearlessly  revived  the  constitutional  usage 
of  the  earlier  English  freedom,  and  asserted  their 
right  to  depose  a  king  who  had  proved  himself  un- 
worthy to  rule. 

In  the  following  September  the  King  was  murdered 
at  Berkeley  Castle. 


CORD    I. 


(57)  3obn,  Earl  Marcnne. 

(58)  £bomas,  Earl  of  Xancaetcr  ano  of  Tlciccster. 


KUarenne. 


John,  in  armour, 

S'  lOH'IS  :  D€   WAR6NNIA  :  COM  0€  :  SVRRCIA. 

SIGILLVM  :  IOHANNI:-  MITlS  .  D€  :    WAR€NNIA. 


:i  h  he 


r      Ik.' 


•mo  arm 


N 


' 


V    III 


JOHN,   EARL    WAKhNNK.  3 


,  6arl 


SEAL,  1301. — Earl  John,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk,  coif 
and  a  surcoat  of  mail,  a  barrel  helm,  vizor  down,  and  prick  spurs.  On  his  shield  and  on  the 
caparisons  of  his  charger  the  famous  gold  and  blue  check  of  Vermandois. 

\+j  S'  lOH'IS  :  D€  WAR€NNIA  :  COMITIIS  :J  D€  :  SVRRCIA. 
COUNTER  SEAL. — TllE  WARREN  shield,  surrounded  by  Gothic  decoration. 

*    SIGILLVM  :  IOHANNIS  I:  CjOMITIS  :  D€  :   WAR6NNIA. 

This  fine  example  of  the  early  engraver's  art  is  apparently  the  same  with  which  he  sealed 
in  1254,  see  Additional  Charter,  British  Museum,  24,451. 


EARL  JOHN,  who  succeeded  in  his  childhood 
to  the  titles  and  lands  of  William  his  father 
(/  Hameline),  became  in  1240  a  royal  ward  under 
Peter  of  Savoy.  This  Hameline  (Plantagenet),  a 
natural  son  of  Geoffrey  Earl  of  Anjou,  and  so  half- 
brother  of  Henry  II.,  bore  for  his  arms  FRANCE 
within  a  bordure  of  ENGLAND,  and  adopted  the 
designation  of  De  Warenne  on  his  marriage  with  the 
heiress  of  that  family.  There  are  no  arms  on  his 
equestrian  seal,  Harleian  Charter,  British  Museum, 
43  c.  14.  The  De  Warenne  arms,  which  hac1  been 
taken  from  those  of  Yermandois,  were  adopted  by 
his  son  William  (see  Harleian  Charter,  57  E.  28)  and 
his  descendants. 

Warenne  was  with  Edward  in  Gascony  1254,  and 
knighted  with  him  in  Spain.  Neither  his  descent  nor 
his  marriage  in  1247  w'th  the  half-sister  of  Henry  III. 
sufficed  to  secure  Earl  John's  loyal  adhesion  to  the 
King  in  his  struggle  with  the  barons  under  Simon 
de  Montfort,  who,  though  a  foreigner,  has  been 
aptly  described  as  the  champion  of  English  free- 
dom. He  fought  with  the  King  1258-9,  against  him 


1260  3,  then  once  more  with  the  King  against  Simon, 
who  in  1264  besieged  our  fickle  Earl  in  his  own 
castle  of  Rochester.  In  May  of  that  year  De 
Montfort's  party  defeated  and  took  the  King  prisoner 
at  Lewes.  Earl  John  fled  to  Pevensey  Castle,  of 
which  he  was  constable,  and  thence  escaped  to 
France.  In  the  following  month  (June)  his  lands 
were  confiscated  by  his  whilom  friends  the  barons, 
and  in  the  following  year,  under  Prince  Edward,  he 
fought  at  Evesham,  where  De  Montfort  fell  on  the 
4th  of  August. 

He  took  the  Cross  24  June  1268,  though  it  does 
not  appear  that  he  went  on  crusade.  On  19  June 
1270,  during  the  hearing  of  his  suit  with  Alan  la 
Zouche  in  Westminster  Hall,  ere  justice  could  be 
done,  his  followers,  fearing  an  adverse  judgment, 
proceeded  to  assault  his  adversary  and  the  judge  his 
father  ;  the  former  died  of  his  wounds,  and  Earl  John 
was  condemned  in  a  formal  fine  of  10,000  marks  ;  in 
the  same  year  he  obtained  a  pardon  for  all  his 
offences  against  Henry  III.  In  1279  he  headed 
the  opposition  to  the  quo  warninto  writs,  and  it  is 


JOHN,   EARL    WARENNE. 


chronicled  that  when  called  upon  to  show  by  what 
title  he  held  his  lands  he  proudly  pointed  to  "  an 
ancient  and  rusty "  sword,  adding  that  by  it  his 
ancestors  acquired  them  in  the  time  of  William  the 
Bastard,  and  by  it  ("gladio  teneo,  gladio  tenebo") 
he  would  hold  them. 

After  the  death  of  his  sister  Isabella,  widow  of 
Hugh  de  Albini  Earl  of  Sussex,  in  1282,  he  was 
styled  in  various  writs  between  that  year  and  1297 
"  Earl  of  Surrey  and  Sussex,"  from  the  accidental 
union  of  the  shrievalty  of  Surrey  and  Sussex. 

He  was  present  29  September  1278,  when  Alex- 
ander of  Scotland  did  homage,  as  he  also  had  been 
(November  1277)  in  the  Council  at  Westminster  when 
judgment  was  given  against  Llewelyn.  Acknowledged 
the  service  of  eleven  knight's  fees,  seven  for  his 
ancient  lands  and  four  for  Staunford  and  Graham. 

Summoned  to  muster  for  service  in  person  in  the 
first  expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at 
Worcester  July  1277.  Served  with  Edward  in  the 
second  Welsh  invasion  ;  to  muster  at  Worcester  1 7  May 
1282,  and  in  August  at  Khuddlan,  and  lastly  at  Mont- 
gomery May  1283.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Shrewsbury  30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of  David, 
the  brother  of  Lewellin;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites 
the  misdeeds,  trespasses,  and  death  of  Llewelyn. 

Guardian  to  Griffith  ap  Madoc  Vychan,  to  whose 
part  the  lordships  of  Bromfield  and  Yal  fell ;  so 
guarded  his  ward  (who  was  drowned  in  the  Dee)  that 
he  never  returned  to  his  possession,  and  obtained 
these  lands  for  himself  (Powel)  by  charter  dated 
at  Rhuddlan  7  October  10  Ed.  I.  ;  thus  he 
became  one  of  the  most  powerful  of  the  Marcher 
lords. 

His  bailiff  was  ordered  23  July  1287  to  raise  all 
the  foot- soldiers  fit  for  service  in  his  bailiwicks  of 
Bromfield  and  Yal  to  march  against  Resus  filius 
Mereduci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth) ;  on 
14  November  Earl  John  was  enjoined  to  reside  on 
his  demesnes  and  lordships  until  the  rebellion  of 
Resus  should  be  put  down.  Ordered  in  1288  to 
abstain  from  violations  of  the  peace  and  summoned 
to  appear  before  the  Regent,  Edmund,  Earl  of  Corn- 
wall, and  the  Council,  to  propound  any  grievance 


Johans  li  bons  Quens  de  Warenne 

De  1'autre  chel  avoit  la  renne 

A  jufticer  e  governer, 

Cum  cil  ky  bien  favoit  mener 

Gent  fegnourie  e  honnouree 

De  or  e  de  afur  efchequere 

Fu  fa  baniere  noblement. 


Summoned  18  October  1299  to  a  parliament  or 
council  at  the  New  Temple,  London,  and  to  the 
parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary,  13-20  January 
1300-1  ;  as  COMES  WARENNE  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal 


which  he  might  have  sustained.  To  muster  at 
Worcester  November  1294  for  the  relief  of  the  Castle 
of  Bere,  threatened  by  Madog  ab  Llewellyn. 

Warenne  was  engaged  between  September  and 
November  1289  in  negotiating  the  treaty  of  Salisbury 
with  the  Scots,  and,  together  with  Anthony  Bek, 
Bishop  of  Durham,  concluded  the  treaty  of  Brigham, 
18  July  1290.  On  28  August,  Prince  Edward 
appointed  him  procurator  to  contract  his  marriage 
with  Margaret,  Queen  of  Scotland. 

Supported  his  son-in-law,  John  Balliol,  in  his 
successful  competitorship  for  the  Scottish  crown 
(1290-2);  KING  of  Scotland  .1292,  invaded  England, 
defeated  and  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  1296. 
Guardian  of  Edward,  the  Scots'  King's  son,  Novem- 
ber 1299  until  September  1310. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots;  to  muster  at 
Norham  in  June  1291.  Custodian  of  the  sea  coast 
and  Constable  of  Bamborough  Castle  1295,  and  one 
of  the  "custodes  "  of  the  counties  beyond  Trent.  In 
November  all  the  men  of  Northumberland  between 
the  ages  of  fifteen  and  sixty  were  required  to  muster 
before  him  and  the  Bishop  of  Durham  at  the  Bridge 
of  Amot.  Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  London 
7  July  1297  for  service  in  person  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas.  "Guardian  and  lieutenant  of  Scotland"  in 
1296-7  ;  and  enjoined,  as  commander  of  the  forces 
to  suffer  no  one  to  depart  by  land  or  sea  without  the 
King's  leave.  Defeated  the  Scots  at  Dunbar  27  April 
1296.  On  i  August  he  writes  to  the  King  that  "the 
Earl  of  Stratherne  has  taken  the  traitor  Macdoff  and 
his  two  sons  ;  they  shall  receive  their  deserts  when 
they  arrive."  He  was  routed  by  Wallace  at  Stirling 
Bridge  n  September  1297,  and  escaped  with  a  few 
followers  to  Berwick.  On  22  January  he  was  ordered 
to  invade  Scotland.  Commanded  the  rear-guard, 
"la  quarte  batayle,"  at  Falkirk,  when  Wallace  was 
defeated,  22  July  1298,  and,  with  his  grandson  Henry 
Percy,  commanded  the  second  division  of  the  forces 
that  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle, 
ii  July  1300,  a  siege  immortalised  in  the  poem,  ac- 
cording to  Wright,  composed  by  one  of  King  Edward's 
heralds,  who  thus  strangely  sings  of  this  hot-tempered 
and  fickle  earl : — 


John  the  good  Earl  of  Warenne 

Of  the  other  squadron  held  the  reins 

To  regulate  and  govern, 

As  he  who  well  knew  how  to  lead 

Noble  and  honourable  men. 

His  banner  with  gold  and  azure 

Was  nobly  checquered. 


as  shown.  He  died  at  Kennington,  near  to  London, 
27  September  1305,  and  was  buried  in  Lewes  Priory 
as  Sire  Johan,  Count  de  Gareyn,  M.I. 

Authorities. —  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  344;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  762;;;  Archneologia,  xxi. ,  pt.  I,  195;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  Vol.  I.,  895  ;  Calendar  of  Scottish  Documents  :  Scotland 
in  1298,  Falkirk,  151  ;  Caerlaverock  Roll,  cd.  !\Vright,  6  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  6,529. 


THOMAS,   EARL   OF  LANCASTER  AND   OF  /./-./<  E!>  TEK. 


Cl)omas,  €arl  of  ^Lancaster  and  of  3Letce0ter. 

SKAL,  1301. — Earl  Thomas,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk 
of  mail  and  surcoat,  helm  with  vizor  down,  and  lambrequin,  thereon  a  wyvern  with  wings  ouvert. 
The  arms  of  England  with  a  label  of  Erance,  on  his  shield  and  on  the  caparisons  of  his  charger 
which  is  crested  with  the  wyvern. 

•fc     S.  THOM€ IS  :  LAN IE  :  L€YCESTRI€  :  ET  :  F€RARIIS 

COUNTER  SEAL  — A  shield  of  the  arms  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough,  decorated  on 
either  side  with  a  wingless  wyvern  and  trefoyles. 

.  .  .  •  THOM€   :    COMITIS   :    LANCAS TRI€    •   € ARMS 

This  should  be  compared  with  his  later  seal  as  Steward  of  England,  in  Cotton  Charter  XVI.  7, 
British  Museum,  with  Sandford's  Genealogical  History,  page  102,  and  Doyle's  Baronage,  II.  310. 


THOMAS  OF  LANCASTER,  by  the  union  of 
the  four,  if  not  five,  earldoms  of  Lincoln  (and 
Salisbury),  Leicester,  Derby,  and  I-ancashire,  as  well 
as  by  his  royal  blood  (for  like  the  King  he  was  a 
grandson  of  Henry  the  Third),  stood  at  the  he.id  of 
the  English  baronage,  and  the  issue  of  the  long 
struggle  with  Edward  raised  him  for  a  time  (1314 
1321)  to  supreme  power  in  the  realm. 

Earl  Thomas  (son  of  Edmund,  surnamed  Crouch- 
back,  and  brother  of  Edward  I.)  styled  himself  Earl 
of  Ferrers,  on  inheriting  from  his  father  (1295)  the 

Thomas  de  Langcaftre  eftoit  contes 
Se  eft  de  fes  armes  teus  li  contes, 
1  )e  Engletere,  au  label  de  France, 
E  ne  vuel  plus  mettre  en  fouffrance. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  COMES  LANCASTR'  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope(  12  February) 


estates  forfeited  in  1265  by  Robert  de  Ferrers,  Earl  of 
Derby. 

He  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  sum- 
moned to  attend  the  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick  -  upon  -  Tweed,  and  Newcastle  -  upon  -  Tyne 
1297-1319;  fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298,  in  the  division  led  by  the  King,  and  at  the 
siege  of  Caerlaverock,  n  July  1300,  in  the  division 
led  by  his  cousin  the  Prince  of  Wales.  The  (un- 
quoted) reference  to  him  in  ".the  Roll"  is  too 
prophetic  to  have  been  contemporary : — 

Thomas  was  Earl  of  I-ancaster  ; 
This  is  the  description  of  his  arms, 
Those  of  England  with  a  label  of  France, 
And  I  will  not  trouble  you  more  about  him. 

by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part 
of  the  "Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  shown. 


THOMAS,   EARL   OF  LANCASTER  AND   OF  LEICESTER. 


He  performed  and  sent  service  in  and  to  the 
King's  army  in  Scotland  1300.  1303  and  1306  ;  and 
proffered  the  service  of  six  knight's  fees  for  all  his 
lands  in  England,  performed  by  four  knights  and  four 
"  servientes  "  with  eight  barded  horses,  at  the  muster 
at  Tweedmouth  19  September  1310. 

Bearer  of  the  sword  "  Curtana  "  at  the  Coronation, 
25  February  1308,  and  on  y  May  was  made 
Steward  of  England,  as  an  appanage  to  his  earldom 
of  Leicester. 

He  was  specially  enjoined,  14  June  1309,  to 
abstain  from  attending  tournaments  or  exercising  feats 
of  arms,  and  strictly  prohibited  7  February  1310  (and 
again  28  November  1311)  from  repairing  to  parlia- 
ment with  an  armed  force,  and  commanded  to  attend 
in  a  peaceable  manner.  He  disregarded  the  pro- 
hibition, and  compelled  the  King  to  consent  to  the 
appointment  of  the  "  Ordainers,l:  by  whom  the  royal 
authority  was  to  be  superseded  until  Michaelmas 
1311. 

Lancaster  was  co-opted  as  one  of  the  (21) 
"  Ordainers  "  appointed  to  reform  the  household  of  the 
King,  sworn  20  March  1310  in  the  Painted  Chamber. 
One  of  the  Ordinances  was  a  decree  of  banishment 
on  Gaveston,  for  no  sooner  had  Edward  II.  come  to 
the  throne  than  he  recalled  his  boon  companion, 
Piers  Gaveston,  created  him  Earl  of  Cornwall,  gave 
him  in  marriage  his  niece  Alianore  de  Clare,  and 
so  loaded  him  with  favours  (see  page  xlv)  that  the 
exasperated  nobles  protested  under  Earl  Thomas. 
Edward,  however,  recalled  Gaveston,  and  for  safety 
withdrew  with  him  to  York,  which  they  left  5  April 
1312  for  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Here  they  were 
surprised  4  May  by  Earl  Thomas  at  the  head  of  a 
large  body  of  armed  men.  Edward  and  his  favourite 
fled  to  Tynemouth  and  took  ship  for  Scarborough 
Castle,  where  he  installed  him  together  with  forces 
sufficient  for  its  defence.  After  resting  four  days 
at  Newcastle,  Earl  Thomas  and  his  armed  men 
marched  into  Yorkshire.  The  Earls  of  Pembroke 
and  Warren  invested  the  Castle,  Lancaster  hovering 
between  Scarborough  and  York,  whence  the  King 
had  retired,  so  as  to  intercept  any  royalist  contingent. 
Gaveston  surrendered  on  condition  of  his  personal 
safety,  was  placed  under  guard  and  abducted  by  the 
"  black  hound "  of  Warwick,  who  conveyed  him  at 
once  as  his  own  prisoner  to  Warwick  Castle.  He 
was  as  promptly  beheaded  on  Klacklow  Hill,  on  the 
lands  of  Earl  Thomas,  without  trial,  19  June  1312, 
in  the  presence  of  Lancaster,  in  utter  disregard  of 
the  conditions  of  his  surrender. 

Earl  Thomas  marched  south  and  reached  Ware,  on 
his  way  to  London,  8  September,  together  with  the 
Earls  of  Hereford  and  Warwick,  when  they  found  the 
city  of  London  closed  against  them.  Letters  of  safe 
conduct  were,  however,  granted  him  from  8  October 
1312,  and  renewed  until  he  and  all  his  adherents, 
retainers  and  confederates  obtained  general  pardon, 
16  October  1 31 3,  for  the  pursuit  and  death  of  Gaveston. 


Lancaster  refused  to  be  reconciled  with  Hugh  le 
Despencer,  and  he  also  refused  to  accompany 
Edward  II.  to  Scotland  in  1313.  After  the  defeat  of 
Bannockburn,  24  June  1314,  the  King  was  obliged  to 
seek  a  new  conciliation  with  him,  and  in  August  1315 
he  wasappointed  King's  lieutenant  and  chief  captain  of 
all  the  forces  in  the  Marches  against  the  Scots,  becom- 
ing President  of  the  Council  17  February  1316.  The 
Scots  captured  Berwick  2  April  1318,  and  invaded 
England.  General  pardons  were  further  granted  him, 
9  August,  22  October,  and  i  November,  1318,  &c. 
Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  2  June  1319,  in  con- 
sideration of  services  sent  to  Edward  II.  Empowered, 
i  July  1319,  to  raise  2,006  foot  soldiers  from  his 
domains,  and  knights'  fees,  to  be  marched  to  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne. 

Hugh  le  Despencer  had  now  succeeded  Gaveston 
as  King's  favourite,  and  had  received  in  marriage  his 
niece  Margaret,  sister  of  Gaveston's  wife,  together  with 
immense  estates.  Resenting  the  high-handedness  of 
the  new  favourite  and  his  father,  the  barons  again 
rallied  under  Earl  Thomas  and  marched  to  London, 
when  the  King  consented  to  the  banishment  of  father 
and  son,  15  July  1321.  On  the  recall  of  Despencer, 
Earl  Thomas  issued  his  summons  for  an  illegal 
or  seditious  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  to  be  held 
at  Doncaster  29  November  1321  ;  their  attendance 
was  prohibited  by  writ  of  12  November.  In  the 
following  February  William  le  Ros  and  others  were 
empowered  to  raise  Yorkshire  against  him  and  his 
adherents,  whom  they  were  commanded  to  attack  and 
pursue.  He  had  now  confederated  with  the  Scots ; 
there  is  a  letter  to  him  under  Sir  James  de  Douglas' 
seal  entitled  "  en  la  cue  au  Roi  Arthur  "  (Rot.  Clans. 
15  E.  II.  m  i8d).  The  "magnates"  in  rebellion 
boasted  his  protection;  he  is  warned  (8  February) 
that  he  incurred  the  penalty  of  high  treason  ; 
and  was  declared  a  rebel  (n  March).  Hue  and  cry 
raised  after  him.  The  Earls  of  Kent  and  Surrey 
empowered  to  pursue  and  arrest  him.  Five  days 
after  he  was  defeated  and  taken  in  arms  against 
the  King  in  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge,  17  March. 
He  was  condemned  to  death  in  the  Military 
Council  held  before  the  King,  as  a  traitor,  and 
beheaded  at  Pontefract  22  March  1321-2.  "Have 
mercy  on  me,  King  of  Heaven,"  cried  Lancaster, 
as,  mounted  on  a  grey  pony  without  a  bridle, 
he  was  hurried  to  execution,  "for  my  earthly  king 
has  forsaken  me."  Traitor  though  he  was,  he  was 
a  favourite  of  the  people,  who  fain  would  have  had 
him  canonized. 

For  seal  of  his  brother  Henry,  see  page  29. 


Authorities.— Parliamentary  \Vrits,  Vol.  I.  695,  II.  (liv.  3, 
1068;  Calendar  of  Scottish  Documents;  Archa'ologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  201  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  141  ;  Caerlaverock 
Roll,  ed.  Wright,  20;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  6,332. 


CORD    II. 


0)8)  TKalpb  be  flDontbermer,  £arl  ot  Gloucester  ano  of  ibertforo. 


){))  1bumfre\>  oe   Bobnn,   Earl    of   lbcrcfor&  ant)  of   Csscy; 

Constable  of 


DC  g@ontl)erimr,  6arl  of  dplouccster  anD  Hertford. 

• 

•-lalph,  in  armour. 

mail,   h.  h    vi/or   down,   crestr 

•played. 

[RA1DI'  :  COM    :  GLOV'NIC  :  HERTFORD'  :  KILK6NI  :  DNI  ;  GLAIMG 


Coi 
with  a 

RALPH 
has  noi  l>  with  t! 

Gilbert  d 

O!"       an 


100  barbed  h  • 


t.T  he 
:  war. 


RALPH  I)E  MONTHERMER,   EARL   OF  GLOUCESTER  AND  HERTFORD. 


De  £@onrt)ermer,  Carl  of  d£louce0ter  an&  Hertford, 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT,    1299  TO    1306 — 1309  TO    1324. 

SEAL,  1301.— Earl  Ralph,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  and 
surcoat  of  mail,  helm,  with  vizor  down,  crested  with  an  eagle.  On  his  shield  and  on  the 
caparisons  of  his  charger,  an  eagle  displayed. 

[RAJDI1  :  COM'  :  GLOV'NI€  :  HCRTFORD'  :  KILK6NI  :  DNI  :  GLAtMORGAN]. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — The  eagle ;  on  a  shield,  suspended  from  a  bough,  decorated  on  either  side 
with  a  wingless  vvyvern.  The  legend  as  on  the  seal. 

RALPH  DE  MONTHERMER,  whose  parentage 
has  not  been  handed  down,  was  one  of  the 
esquires  in  the  household  of  that  Gilbert  de  Clare 
called  "the  Red,"  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Earl  of 
Hertford,  one  of  de  Montfort's  knights,  who  is  said 
to  have  taken  Henry  III.  prisoner  at  Lewes  in  1264. 
Earl  Gilbert  died  7  December  1295;  his  widow, 
"  Joan  of  Acre,"  daughter  of  Edward  I.,  was  married 
clandestinely  to  our  Ralph  in  1297.  For  this  he  was 
imprisoned  at  Bristol ;  on  the  2nd  of  August  he  did 
homage  and  received  the  King's  pardon,  when  certain 
lands  belonging  to  the  Countess  were  restored  to  her 
on  the  condition  that  she  should  provide  one  hundred 
men-at-arms  to  serve  in  the  French  wars,  she  to 
appoint  anyone  Captain,  save  her  husband. 


De  or  tin  o  trois  chiverons  vermaus 

I  ot  baniere  foulement ; 

Si  ne  faifoit  pas  malement 

Kant  fes  propres  armes  veftoit, 

Jaunes  ou  le  egle  verde  eftoit. 

Se  avoit  non  Rauf  dc  Monthermer. 


He  was  generally  summoned  7  July  1297  to  serve 
with  the  King's  expedition  in  parts  beyond  the  seas 
(Gascony  or  Flanders)  and  to  appear  eyuis  et  urmis  at 
a  military  council  at  Rochester  8  September  before 
Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England  ; 
the  King  had  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  He 
served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick,  and  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne  1299-1323.  Fought  at  the  battle 
of  Falkirk,  22  July  1298,  and  on  19  December  he 
drew  pay  for  too  barbed  horses  for  the  Scottish  war, 
^1,538.  6s.  8J.  He  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  under  his  father-in-law,  Edward  I., 
1 1  July  1 300,  when  he  bore  the  banner  of  Clare  though 
vested  in  his  own  coat  of  arms,  as  the  roll  recites  : — 

Of  fine  gold  with  three  red  chevrons 
He  had  there  only  a  banner. 
Yet  he  made  no  bad  appearance 
When  he  was  attired  in  his  own  arms, 
Which  were  yellow  with  a  green  eagle. 
His  name  was  Ralph  de  Monthermer. 


10 


RALPH  DE  MONTHERMER,  EARL   OF  GLOUCESTER  AND  HERTFORD. 


Earl  Ralph  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as 
"  RAD'US  DE  MONTE  H'MERI,  COM'  Gi.ouc'  &  HERF'  " 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown.  In  March  he  was  summoned  to 
join  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  Carlisle  against  the  Scots. 

He  became  Earl  of  Athol  in  1306,  but  sur- 
rendered the  Earldom  in  the  following  year  (24  June 
1307)  for  10,000  marks  and  in  lieu  thereof  received 
the  ward  of  the  Clare  lands  in  Wales  and  the 
Gloucestershire  march  of  Wales  till  the  majority  of 
the  heir. 

Defeated  by  Robert  Bruce,  and  besieged  in  the 
Castle  of  Ayr  1307.  Keeper  of  Cardiff  and  other 
castles  in  Wales  1307.  He  was  earnestly  requested 
2  August  1310  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed  8  September.  Guardian  and  lieutenant  and 
warden  in  Scotland  1311-12. 

He  was  specially  empowered  3  September  1312 
to  repair  to  the  Earls  of  Lancaster,  Hereford,  and 
Warwick,  and  to  prohibit  them  from  proceeding  to 
the  King  with  an  armed  force  after  the  death  of 
Gaveston. 

In  1313  he  made  another  clandestine  marriage 
— this  time  with  Joane,  widow  of  John  de  Hastings 
(see  page  37),  the  daughter  of  Hugh  le  Despencer, 
Earl  of  Winchester.  This  second  breach  was  not 
pardoned  until  August  1319. 

He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Ban- 
nockburn  1314.  Appointed  "Gustos"  or  keeper  of 
the  forests  citra  Trentam  (19  February)  1314-15  in 
succession  to  Hugh  le  Despencer  ;  and  on  30  August 
1315  he  was  requested  to  remain  stationed  in  the 
northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign,  as  the 


Scots  had  invaded  Durham  two  months  before  and 
had  unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones "  he  was  in- 
formed 8  June  1318  that  the  meeting  of  parliament  is 
revoked  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots. 

Obtained  writs  de  scutagio,  &c.,  for  service  sent  to 
Scotland,  10  and  25  November  1320.  On  21  April 
1321  he  was  requested  to  co-operate  in  appeasing  the 
disturbances  (at  Bristol)  and  also  to  refrain  from 
attending  any  illegal  conferences  or  assemblies ;  this 
in  opposition  to  the  Despencers. 

Ordered  29  November  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  con- 
vened by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  (page  6)  to  be  held 
at  Doncaster;  enjoined  6  February  following  to 
raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he 
can,  and  (281)1)  ordered  to  appear  at  Coventry  to 
march  against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought 
on  March  17. 

He  was  commanded  18  April  1323  to  provide 
pack-saddles  for  the  use  of  the  army,  in  case  it 
should  be  expedient  to  advance  to  the  north  without 
the  wagon  train. 

Summoned  9  May  1324  to  attend  the  Great 
Council  at  Westminster,  and  4  August  following  com- 
manded to  serve  in  person  in  defence  of  the  duchy 
of  Aquitaine,  and  17  March  following  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Portsmouth  for  service  in  Gascony.  He 
died  about  1325. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  76211 ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  745;  II.  div.  3,  1189;  Archoeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I, 
76;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  153;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
ed.  Wright,  21  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  6,241. 


HUMFREY  DE  BOHUN,  EARL  OF  HEREFORD  AND  ESSEX. 


ii 


L 


DC  Boljun,  Carl  of  I>mforfl  anD  CSGCV. 


CONSTABLE  OF  ENGLAND. 
PERFORMED   HOMAGE    l6  FEBRUARY    1299. 

SEAL,  1301. — Earl  Humfrey,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk 
of  mail,  surcoat,  helm  with  fan  plume,  vizor  down.  On  his  shield  and  on  the  caparison  of  his 
charger,  the  lyons  and  cotised  bend. 

S'   H'   D€    BOHVN  :  COMITIS €T  :  C'STTBVL/R'   :   ANGL'. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — The  shield  of  Bohun,  hung  by  a  loop  enclosing  the  Bohun  swan,  see  Seal 
Catalogue,  p.  253  ;  on  either  side,  two  miniature  shields  of  Mandcville,  Earl  of  Essex,  beneath  a 
slipped  trefoyle.  See  "  Some  Feudal  Coats  of  Arms,"  8vo.  edition,  p.  162 

B  :  S' :  HVMFRIDI  :  D€  :  BOHV [C]OMITIS  :  H€R€FORDI€  :  €T  :  €SS€XI€  : 

EARL  HUMFREY,  Constable  of  England,  one       summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,   Berwick 
of  the  leaders  in  the  protracted  struggle  with       upon-T»veed,  Newcastle- upon-Tyne,  and  York  1298- 

1319.  He  (and  his  father,*  who  died  31  December 
1298)  fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  of  that 
year  ;  he  was  also  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300,  serving  in  the  first  division  under 
Henry  I^acy,  "  the  Good  Earl  of  Lincoln." 


of  the  leaders  in  the  protracted  struggle  with 
the  Crown,  was  brother-in-law  of  Ralph  de  Mon- 
thermer  (page  9),  Eleanor  his  wife  being  another 
daughter  of  Edward  I.  and  own  cousin  to  Thomas 
and  Henry  of  Lancaster,  see  pages  5  and  29. 

He  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  and  was 


Ses  compaigns  fu  Ii  Coneftables, 
Joefnes  horns,  riches  e  mettables, 
Ki  Quens  eftoit  de  Herefort ; 
Baniere  out  de  Inde  cendal  fort, 
O  une  blanche  bendelee, 
De  deus  coftices  entrealee, 
De  or  tin,  dont  au  dehors  afis 
Ot  en  rampant  lyonceaus  fis. 


His  companion  was  the  Constable, 

A  young  man,  rich  and  elegant, 

Who  was  Karl  of  Hereford  : 

He  had  a  banner  of  deep  blue  silk, 

With  a  white  bend 

Between  two  coltices 

Of  fine  gold,  on  the  outside  of  which 

He  had  six  lioncels  rampant. 


He  was  ordered  to  provide  a  garrison  for  Loch- 
maben  Castle  30  October  1300.  In  the  next  year  Sir 
John  de  Seyton,  Sir  Gilbert  de  Lyndeseye,  and  Sir 
Ingram  de  Gynes  were  in  his  service. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  COM'  HEREFORD  ET 
ESSEX  &  CONSTAB'  ANGL'  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as 
well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  " 
of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown.  In  the 
following  year  he  married,  at  Westminster,  Eleanor, 


eighth  daughter  of  Edward  I.  and  widow  of  John, 
Count  of  Holland  and  Zealand ;  he  then  surrendered 
all  his  lands  to  the  Crown  and  had  a  regrant  in  tail. 

Took  part  in  the  tournament  at  Fulham  in  1305 
and  in  1307  at  Wallingford  against  Gaveston,  the 
King's  favourite. 

He  was  resummoned  September  1305  "ex  habun- 
danti  "  to  appear  at  the  Councilor  parliament  at  WiM- 

*  Humphrey,  who  with  Roger  Bigod,  next  named,  refused  to 
serve  in  Gascony  (or  out  of  the  country)  unaccompanied  by 
the  King,  who  was  about  to  proceed  to  Flanders. 

H 


HUMFREY  DE  BO  HUN,  EARL   OF  HEREFORD  AND  ESSEX. 


minster  to  treat  with  the  Scottish  representatives  (see 
page  xliij). 

For  his  services  the  King  by  charter  10  April  1306 
granted  him  the  Castle  of  Lochmaben  and  the  lord- 
ships of  Annandale,  the  inheritance  of  Robert  Bruce, 
which  had  escheated  to  the  Crown  by  reason  of  "  the 
felony  of  the  said  Robert "  in  seditiously  and  trea- 
cherously slaying  John  Comyn  of  Badenoch  before  the 
high  altar  of  the  church  of  the  Friars  minor  of  Dum- 
fries and  thus  committing  sacrilege.  He  received  a 
further  charter(2o  October),  of  the  lands  ofall  the  rebels 
who  held  of  Robert  Brus,  of  the  Castle  of  Lochma- 
ben and  valley  of  Annan.  On  18  October  following 
his  lands  in  the  county  of  Hereford  were  ordered  to 
be  seised  into  the  King's  hands  and  his  body  to  be 
arrested,  for  absenting  himself  from  the  King's  army 
in  Scotland  without  licence;  on  23  January  1306-7 
the  escheator  was  ordered  to  restore  his  lands. 

He  was  commanded  18  October  1307  to  repair  to 
Scotland  with  all  his  forces  for  the  defence  of  the 
country  in  general  as  well  of  his  own  possessions, 
i.e.  to  oppose  Bruce. 

He  was  summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the 
King's  Coronation,  and  walked  in  the  Coronation 
procession  at  Westminster  25  February  1308,  bearing 
the  royal  sceptre  surmounted  by  a  cross. 

He  was  specially  enjoined  14  June  1309  to  abstain 
from  attending  tournaments  or  exercising  feats  of 
arms ;  and  required  5  August  to  raise  800  foot 
soldiers  (reduced  to  150)  from  his  lordship  of  Bren- 
nock.  He  was  despatched  23  October  following  to 
Scotland  together  with  Robert  de  Clifford  and  Henry 
de  Bellomonte  for  the  general  defence  of  the  marches, 
and  earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 
Proffered  the  service  of  five  knight's  fees,  performed  by 
ten  "  servientes "  with  ten  barded  horses,  for  the 
muster  at  Tweedmouth  19  September  1310. 

He  was  strictly  prohibited  7  February  1310  (and 
again  28  November  1311)  from  repairing  to  par- 
liament with  an  armed  force,  but,  acting  with  Lan- 
caster and  others,  the  prohibition  was  disregarded, 
and  the  King  was  eventually  compelled  to  consent  to 
the  appointment  of  the  "  Ordainers."  Bohun  and  the 
others  were  sworn  in  the  Painted  Chamber  20  March 
1310  (see  page  xlv).  The  day  before  the  death  of 
Gaveston  (18  June)  he  and  the  Earl  of  Warwick  (see 
page  1 7)  entered  into  a  bond  against  the  King  and  all 
others,  for  which  he,  together  with  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  was  summoned,  as  "  Lords  Ordainers,"  to 
appear  before  the  King  27  August  1312.  This  sum- 
mons they  also  disregarded  and  advanced  against  the 
King  with  an  armed  force  and  reached  Ware  8  Septem- 
ber, where  they  heard  that  the  city  was  secured  against 
them.  As  an  adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  he  ob- 
tained letters  of  safe  conduct  October  1312  to  October 
1313,  and  was  pardoned  (16)  for  his  participation  in  the 
death  of  Gaveston.  Taken  prisoner  at  Bannockburn 
24  June  1314  and  exchanged  2  October  for  the  wife 


of  Bruce,  who  had  been  a  captive  in  England  since 
1306.  Appointed  captain  of  all  the  forces  destined 
to  act  against  Llewelyn  Bren  n  February  1315-16, 
who  was  carried  off  and  judicially  murdered  at  York 
by  the  Despencers. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
that  the  meeting  of  parliament  is  revoked  by  reason 
of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots,  under  the  Earl  of  Moray, 
in  May  1318:  Berwick  was  captured  2  April  1318, 
and  a  truce  arranged  in  1319.  Appointed  9  August 
1318  one  of  the  members  of  the  Extraordinary 
Council,  to  be  constantly  about  the  King  pursuant 
to  the  treaty  concluded  with  the  Karl  of  Lancaster. 

He  was  enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from 
any  illegal  or  treasonable  conventions  or  assemblies 
and  on  13  and  18  April  to  preserve  the  peace  in  his 
lordships  and  to  prevent  illegal  assemblies,  against 
Despencer,  in  Wales  and  the  marches.  On  the  23rd 
he  was  summoned  to  a  Council  at  Gloucester  on  this 
business,  did  not  attend,  but  sent  word  that  he  could 
not  repair  to  the  King  so  long  as  Despencer  junior  was 
in  the  King's  "  comitiva,"  and  prays  that  the  latter 
may  be  committed  to  the  custody  of  the  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster. The  King  informs  him  that  such  excuse  is 
insufficient  and  requires  him  to  repair  to  a  "  tractum  " 
at  Oxford.  He  prepared  i  May  (1321)  to  attack 
Hugh  junior  in  his  lordships  in  the  marches. 
Appeared  in  London  at  the  head  of  an  armed  force 
and  took  the  lead  in  denouncing  the  favourites,  who 
were  sentenced  to  forfeiture  and  exile.  He  was 
described  as  one  of  the  great  men  who  had  con- 
federated against  the  Despencers.  By  letters  patent 
20  August  1321  he  obtained  a  pardon  for  all 
homicides,  robberies,  felonies,  trespasses,  &c.,  com- 
mitted in  the  "pursuit"  of  the  Despencers. 

He  was  ordered  12  November  (1321)  to  abstain 
from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  " 
illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be 
held  at  Doncaster.  He  joined  the  discontented 
Barons  in  hostility  against  the  King,  and  assisted 
them  in  taking  the  town  of  Gloucester  and  in 
attacking  and  burning  Bridgnorth  ;  he  allowed  the 
attacks  on  the  Castles  of  Elmeley  and  Henley,  and, 
aided  and  abetted  by  the  prior  of  Lanthony,  com- 
mitted great  depredations  upon  the  King's  adherents. 

Special  commissions  were  appointed  21  and  23 
January  (1321-2)  for  his  apprehension.  The  clergy 
were  commanded  to  cause  prayers  to  be  offered  up  in 
all  churches  and  cathedrals  for  the  King's  safety. 

Bohun  was  declared  a  rebel  on  the  i  ith  of  March, 
1322,  hue  and  cry  raised  after  him,  and  on  the  i6th 
or  1 7th  he  was  slain  in  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge, 
and  was  buried  in  the  church  of  the  Friars  preachers 
at  York. 

Authorities.  —Nicolas'  Synopsis,  7637;  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  479 ;  II.  div.  3,  555  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Archueologia, 
xxi.,  pt.  i,  196;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  131;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  4  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  5,722. 


CORD    III. 


(78)  iRalpb  Biooo,  Earl  of  IRorfolfc ;  fl&arsbal  of  £n0Uuft. 
(77)  (5u\>  be  Beaucbamp,  £arl  of  TKIlarwicft. 


V 


,  6arl  of  Jftorfolh. 


T 


fells,    ar,< 


. 

again 
to  pi 

rt\ 

in    t!. 

. 

>lg«l  by 


aion  with- 


aiui   t 


of   the   I' 


\ 


;,: 

cr  al    \\  ' 

.  X    :ib  I. 

' 
.    •    thi 


4fid 

• 

it  July  i 
cil  held  .T 
iO,  and  to  that 
3  January  1300-1 

d  in  the 

• 


- 


ROGER   BIGOD,   F.ARL   OF  NORFOLK. 


IRogcr  BtgoD,  earl  of  5l?orfolft. 


MARSHAL  OF   ENGLAND. 
PERFORMED   HOMAGE   2$   JULY    1270. 
SEAL,  1301.  -Per  pale  a  rampant  lyon. 

ft    SIGILLVM  .  ROG6RI  .  BIGOD. 


THE  MARSHAL,  with  the  Earls  of  Lancaster 
and  Hereford  previously  mentioned,  led  the 
Barons  in  their  protracted  struggle  with  the  Crown. 

One  of  the  earliest  of  his  public  acts  was  to  con- 
sent in  parliament  at  Westminster  on  Sunday  the 
feast  of  St.  Dunstan,  19  May  1275,  that  the  same 
custom  as  hitherto  should  be  payable  on  wool,  wool- 
fells,  and  hides  shipped  from  the  ports  of  his 
liberties  in  Ireland. 

The  Marshal  was  of  the  Council  held  at  West- 
minster 12  November  1276  which  passed  judgment 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales. 

His  bailiffs  of  Struguil  were  ordered  (28  December) 
to  prohibit  the  furnishing  of  supplies  to  the  Welsh 
rebels.  In  July  1277  at  Worcester  he  acknowledged 
the  service  of  five  knight's  fees  for  the  Earldom  of 
Norfolk  and  the  office  of  the  Marshalcy  of  England, 
performed  in  person  and  by  five  knights  on  his  behalf 
in  the  first  expedition  against  Lewelyn.  At  this 
muster  he  claimed  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  in 
Wyset  "  acknowledged  by  John  de  Vallibus  (Vaux) 
and  performed  "  in  sua  comitiva." 

Gustos  of  the  Castles  of  Bristol  and  Nottingham 
circa  1282. 

Served  also  with  Edward  in  his  second  invasion 
of  Wales — musters  at  Worcester  17  May,  and  at 
Rhuddlan  in  August  1282,  and  finally  at  Montgomery 
May  1283.  On  30  September  following  he  was 
summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  for  the 
trial  of  David,  the  brother  of  Lewelin.  The  writ 
(28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death 
of  the  Prince  of  Wales  ;  David,  his  brother,  was 
executed. 

Enjoined  14  November  1287  to  reside  on  his 
demesnes  and  lordships  until  the  rebellion  of  Resus 
filius  Mereduci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  Meredyth) 
should  be  put  down,  and  ordered  22  August  1288 
to  abstain  from  violation  of  the  peace,  and  to 
appear  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  and  the 
Council  to  propound  his  grievances.  Ordered  to 
muster  at  Worcester  in  November  1294  for  the  relief 
of  Bere  Castle  threatened  by  Madoc  ab  Lewelyn 
(Morgan),  who  was  in  revolt. 

In  August  1295  he  was  "Gustos"  of  the  sea 
shores  in  the  counties  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  for 
the  defence  thereof  against  the  French.  Summoned 
to  the  muster  at  London  7  July  1297  for  service  in 
person  beyond  seas.  This  was  the  memorable  oc- 
casion on  which  he  and  the  Earl  of  Hereford  (father 
of  Humphrey,  page  u)  refused  to  serve  in  Gascony 


(or  out    of    the    country) 

unaccompanied     by    their 

King.       "By   God,    Earl, 

you  shall  either  go  or  hang," 

said  the  King  ;   "  By  God, 

King,"  answered  the  Earl, 

"  I    will    neither    go    nor 

hang."    The  famous  uncle 

of  this  famous  nephew  had 

similarly  defied  Henry  III. 

(c.  1255).     "I  will  send  reapers  and  reap  your  fields 

for  you,"   said    the  King  when  the  Earl  refused  him 

aid  ;  "  And  I  will  send  you  back  the  heads  of  your 

reapers,"  retorted  the  Earl. 

The  Marshal  and  Constable  were  temporarily 
deprived  of  their  offices.  Edward  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August  1297.  Bigod  and  Bohun  ap- 
peared in  arms,  and  supported  by  the  citizens  of 
London,  together  with  an  assembly  of  the  "magnates  " 
and  knights  of  the  shire,  drew  up  articles  whereby  the 
King  eventually  renounced  the  right  of  taxation  with- 
out national  consent.  Roger  was  summoned  to  a 
council  or  parliament  30  September ;  Edward,  the 
King's  son,  and  his  council  undertook  (10  October) 
to  intercede  with  the  King  on  his  behalf.  The  prince 
yielded  to  the  demand,  and  the  articles  were  con- 
firmed by  the  King  at  Ghent  in  November. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  and  summoned  to 
musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1303,  fought  at  the  battle 
of  Falkirk  when  Wallace  was  defeated,  22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  a  parliament  or  council  held  at  the 
New  Temple,  London,  18  October  1299,  and  to  that 
of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1  ;  as 
COM'  NORF'  and  MARESCH'  ANGL'  he  joined  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown.  One  of  those  "  magnates  "  who  compelled 
the  King  to  ratify  the  great  charter  of  this  year. 

He  surrendered  his  titles  and  estates  12  April  1302, 
receiving  them  again  12  July  following,  with  special 
limitation  to  the  heirs  male  of  his  body  ;  they  reverted 
to  the  Crown  on  his  death  without  issue  1 1  December 
1306.  Writ  of  diem  clausit  exlremum  tested  at 
Lanercost  8  December,  35  E.I. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  470;  Archseologia, 
xxi.,  pt.  I,  198;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  131  ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogued  Seals,  British  Museum,  7,471. 


16 


GUY  DE  BEAUCHAMP,   EARL   OF   WARWICK. 


De  Beaucljamp,  6arl  of  SZftartmcft, 

PERFORMED   HOMAGE   25    SEPTEMBER    1298. 

SEAL,  1301. — Earl  Guy,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  of 
mail,  surcoat,  helm,  vizor  down,  plumed  and  with  lambrequin.  On  his  shield  and  on  the  caparison 
of  his  charger,  the  Beauchamp  crosslets  and  fess. 

.  .  .  GVCVDDON'  .  D€  .  BELLOCAM  .... 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A  shield  suspended  with  the  arms  of  Earl  Thomas  de  Wanvik,  1213-42, 
chequy  and  a  chevron  ermine — each  side  of  the  shield  decorated  with  a  lyon. 


AMPO    COM'  .  WARR€WYK' 


EARL  GUY  was  "  named  after  the  famous  Guy, 
the  mythical  ancestor  of  these  Earls  temp.  Athel- 
stan,  whose  adventures  with  dragons  and  with  pagan 
folk  were  long  the  joy  of  the  romancer, n Peerage  Studies, 
by  J.  H.  Round.  He  served  in  the  wars  with  the 
Scots.  On  25  September  1298  he  had  grants  of 
land  in  Scotland  belonging  to  Mowbray,  Strivelyn 
and  de  Chartres.  On  19  December  he  was  ordered 

Oe  Warewik  le  Conte  Guy, 
Coment  ka  en  ma  rime  le  guy, 
Ne  avoit  vefyn  de  luy  mellour  , 
Baner  ot  de  rouge  colour, 
O  feffe  de  or  e  croiffillie. 

He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  COM' 
WARR'  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part 
as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown.  Summoned  (18 
January)  to  attend  the  Coronation,  "walks  in  the 
procession,  bearing  one  (the  third)  of  the  Swords 
of  State  23  February  1308." 


to  be  paid  at  the  rate  of  30  barded  horses,  ^461.  ios., 
for  their  march  from  York  to  Scotland.  He  was 
summoned  to  attend  various  musters  at  Carlisle, 
York,  Berwick,  Newcastle,  and  Tweedmouth  1299- 
1323,  also  at  Biker  28  September  1310.  Fought  at 
the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298  in  the  division  led 
by  the  King,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  July  1300. 


Of  Warwick  the  Earl  Guy, 

However  I  may  bring  him  in  my  rhyme, 

There  was  not  a  better  neighbour  than  he  ; 

He  bore  a  red  banner 

With  a  fess  of  gold  and  crusily. 


-He  was  present  at  the  King's  death  7  July  1307, 
and  received  the  royal  injunctions  against  Gaveston, 
who  was  forbidden  the  realm.  This  to  a  great  extent 
led  to  the  insulting  badinage  in  which  the  favourite 
indulged  on  his  restoration  under  Edward  II.  (see 
page  xlv).  He  had  unhorsed  "  the  black  hound  of 
Arden  "  in  a  tournament  at  Wallingford  in  1307,  but 
Warwick  swore  that  "  the  hound  "  would  live  to  bite 
him.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  favourite's 


GUY  DE  BEAUCHAMP,  EARL  OF  WARWICK. 


banishment  18  May  1308  and  was  alone  in  refusing 
to  be  reconciled  to  his  recall  the  following  year. 

Specially  enjoined  14  June  1309  to  abstain  from 
attending  tournaments  or  from  exercising  feats  of 
arms,  and  strictly  though  vainly  prohibited  7  February 
following  from  repairing  to  parliament  with  an  armed 
force.  He  joined  the  Earls  of  Lincoln,  Lancaster, 
Oxford  and  Arundel  in  declining  to  attend  the 
parliament  at  York  26  October  1309,  compelled 
the  King  to  consent  to  the  appointment  of  the 
(21)  "  Ordainers,"  of  whom  he  was  one,  and  with  the 
remainder  was  sworn  in  the  Painted  Chamber 
20  March  1309-10  (see  page  xlv). 

He  was  earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  (8  September),  but 
refused,  preferring  to  occupy  himself  with  the  "  Ordi- 
nances "  ;  he  attended  their  publication  in  St.  Paul's 
Churchyard  27  September. 

He  acknowledged  and  proffered  the  service  of 
two  knight's  fees  and  a  half,  performed  by  one 
knight  and  three  "servientes"  with  four  barded 
horses,  in  part  of  the  whole  proffer  of  eight  knight's 
fees  and  a  half,  due  for  the  lands  of  his  earldom  and 
also  for  the  lands  of  the  inheritance  of  Robert  de 
Tauni ;  muster  at  Tweedmouth  10  September  1310. 
At  the  muster  at  Biker,  eighteen  days  after,  he 
proffers  the  service  of  five  knight's  fees  for  all  the 
lands  constituting  the  Earldom  of  Warwick,  performed 
by  ten  "  servientes  "  with  ten  barded  horses. 

He  was  prohibited  28  November  1311  from 
repairing  to  the  parliament  at  Westminster  with  war 
horses  and  arms,  but  commanded  to  attend  in  a 
peaceable  manner.  Earl  Guy  joined  the  Barons, 
under  the  Earl  of  Lancaster,  in  the  investment  of 


Scarborough  Castle,  where  Gaveston  had  been  placed 
by  the  King.  On  his  surrender  Gaveston  was  com- 
mitted to  the  custody  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke.  At 
daybreak  on  Sunday  10  June,  Earl  Guy  with  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  surprised  the  guard  and 
conveyed  the  favourite  to  Warwick  Castle  ;  on  the 
arrival  of  Lancaster  with  Hereford  and  Arundel, 
Gaveston  was  beheaded  without  trial  on  Blacklow 
Hill  19  June  1312. 

On  the  day  before,  Earl  Guy  entered  into  his 
bond  of  maintenance  to  support  the  Earl  of  Hereford 
and  Essex  in  the  "querele  to  chaunt  Mounsire 
Pieris  de  Gavastone  "  against  the  King  and  all  others, 
as  Piers  is  an  enemy  of  the  King's  realm  and  people, 
and  to  live  and  die  with  the  Earl  therein.  Written 
at  Warwyk  on  the  morrow  and  before  the  feast  of 
St.  John  Baptist  5  Edward  II. 

Earl  Guy  proceeded  to  the  King  with  an  armed 
force  (his  foresters  of  Arden),  rejoining  the  forces  under 
Earl  Thomas  at  Ware ;  the  City  of  London  was 
secured  against  them  8  September  1312.  Separate 
letters  of  safe  conduct  were  granted  to  him  8  October 
(1312)  until  16  October  1313,  when  he  was  pardoned 
with  the  other  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  for 
their  participation  in  the  death  of  Gaveston.  They 
refused  the  following  year  to  go  to  Scotland,  pleading 
that  the  "  Ordinances  :>  had  been  disregarded. 

Earl  Guy  died  at  Warwick  Castle  10  or  12  August 
1315,  not  without  suspicion  of  having  been  poisoned 
by  partisans  of  Gaveston. 

Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  457;  1 1.  div.  3, 
p.  509;  C.S.D.  ;  Archseologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  199;  Scotland 
in  1298,  Kalkirk,  141  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  8 ;  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  5,658. 


CORD    IV. 


(51)  iRicbarfc  jftts  Hlan,  i£arl  of  Hrunoel. 
(50)  a^mcr  oe  Valence,  Carl  of  pcm  broke. 
(49)  Milliam  be  He^burne,  lorb  of  Xc^burnc. 


.v 


R" 


jftt5  3Uan,  <£arl  of  arunftrl. 


StOILLVM  :  RICARDI  :  COMlTIS'  .  O€     AROND€L. 


sword.     ILiubci 


m  1 294  of  tl 


RICHARD  FITZ  ALAN,   EARL   OF  ARUNDEL. 


21 


latctwD  5ftt3  3Uan,  €arl  of 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   24  JUNE    1295. 

SEAL,  1301. — Earl  Richard,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  of 
mail,  surcoat  girdled,  helm  with  fan  plume.  On  his  shield  and  on  the  caparisons  of  his  charger, 
the  (golden)  lyon  of  Fitz  Alan. 

SIGILLVM  :  RICARDI  :  COMITIS'  :  D€  :  AROND6L. 

Walter!,  Rogerus  Extraneus,  Petrus  Corbet,  Fulco 
fil  Warini  and  Bogo  de  Knovile.  Summoned  to 
the  muster  at  Plymouth  1297  for  service  in  person  in 
Gascony,  and  at  London  in  July  for  service  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas;  the  King  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August.  Summoned  in  September  following  to 
appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  council  to  be 
held  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant 
in  England. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle  and  York  1297- 
1301.  Fought  at  the  victory  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1 298.  In  1 300  he  sent  the  service  due  for  five  knight's 
fees  (28  Edward  I.),  from  which  Edmund  his  son 
and  heir  obtained  writ  of  exoneration  28  April  1315. 
He  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
n  July  1300. 


ICHARD  FITZALAN,  feudal  lord  of  Clun 
_T\.  and  Oswaldestre  and  Earl  of  Arundel,  was 
knighted  in  1289,  and  "received  the  sword  of  the 
county  of  Sussex "  (according  to  Glover,  Somerset 
Herald  1571-89)  from  Edward  I,  "ut  vocatur  comes" 
(G.E.C.),  though  nothing  more  is  heard  of  this  title 
— for  a  similar  case  see  Earldom  of  Sussex,  some- 
times assigned  to  John  de  Warenne. 

In  July  1287  his  bailiffs  of  "  Blaunc-Monstir" 
and  "  Clone  "  were  directed  to  raise  foot  soldiers  to 
march  against  Resus  filius  Mereduci  [Rhys  ap  Mare- 
dudd,  i.e.  Meredyth],  and  on  14  November  following 
(as  also  30  November  1288)  he  was  enjoined  to 
reside  on  his  demesnes  and  lordships  until  the 
rebellion  of  Resus  was  put  down. 

Commander  in  1294  of  the  forces  sent  to  relieve 
Bere  Castle  (threatened  by  the  Welsh  insurgent 
Madoc  ab  Morgan) ;  under  him  were  Robertus  fil 


Richart  le  conte  de  Arondel, 
Beau  chevalier  e  bien  ame, 
I  vi-je  richement  arme 
En  rouge,  au  lyon  rampant  de  or. 

He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  COM' 
ARUNDELL  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 


Richard  the  Earl  of  Arundel, 

A  handsome  and  well-beloved  knight, 

I  saw  there,  richly  armed 

In  red,  with  a  gold  lyon  rampant. 

He  died    9    March    1302.   See   Doyle's   Official 
Baronage  I.,  p.  69. 


Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  509;  C.S.D.  ;  Scot- 
land in  1298,  Falkirk,  153  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  td.  Wright, 
21  ;  L)r.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  5,931. 


22 


A  YMER  DE    VALENCE,  EARL   OF  PEMBROKE. 


3lpmer  Ue  Valence,  6arl  of 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   2$    JANUARY    1296-7. 

SEAL,*  1301. — Burulee,  with  martlets  "in  manner  of  bordure  assis,"  the  shield  suspended  from 
a  trifurcated  bough.     On  either  side  a  martlet  on  a  sprig  of  foliage. 

SIGILU   AD€MARI  :  D€  :  VAL€NC€  : 


EARL    AYMER,    nephew    of    Bishop  Aylmer, 
was   son  of  the   half-brother  of  Henry  III., 
William  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  either  related  or 
connected  with  Earls  Warren,  Lancaster,  Gloucester 
and  Hereford,  all  before-named. 

He  was  summoned  by  special  writ  7  July   1297 
to   serve   in    parts    beyond    the    seas.      The   King 


embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  He  served  in 
the  war  with  the  Scots,  and  was  summoned  to  attend 
the  musters  at  Nottingham,  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick 
and  Newcastle  1297-1323.  Fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298,  where  four  of  his  "  vallets  " 
were  slain.  He  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caer- 
laverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Oe  Walence  Aymars  li  vaillans 
Bele  baniere  i  fu  baillans, 
De  argent  de  afur  burelee, 
O  la  bordure  poralee 
Tout  entour  de  rouges  merlos. 


Aymer  de  Valence  the  valiant 
Bore  a  handsome  banner  there 
Of  silver  and  azure  barry, 
Surrounded  by  a  border 
Of  red  martlets. 


He  had  summons  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1;  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
MONTINIACO  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

In  October  1300  he  was  ordered  to  provide 
Selkirk  and  Bothwell  Castles  and  to  make  no  truce. 
Had  a  charter  10  August  1301  of  Bothwell  Castle 
and  barony  together  with  all  Sir  Will  de  Moray's 
lands  in  Scotland  ;  to  keep  the  castle  with  thirty 
men-at-arms  and  seventeen  of  his  own  retinue.  In 


*  The  heraldic  composition  of  the  De  Valence  Seals  in  the 
British  Museum  is  more  than  ordinarily  interesting.  Earl 
Aymer's  seal  has  above  it  a  lyon  (?  of  England),  the  dexter  is 
floretty  of  France  and  in  the  sinister  are  trefoyles  and  a  fish  for 
his  wife  de  Clermont-Nielle.  On  another  seal  his  arms  are 
dimidiated  with  those  of  his  wife ;  on  either  side  a  trefoyle 
and  a  lyoncel.  The  seal  of  Earl  William,  his  fkther,  1266, 
Add.  Charter  20,290,  is  almost  identical  with  Earl  Aymer's. 
A  seal  of  Johanna,  Earl  Aymer's  mother,  Monchensy  dimidiated 
with  Valence  is  attached  with  others  to  Harleian  Charter  57, 
B.  42. 


1302  he  was  employed  on  an  embassy  to  France,  and 
in  the  following  year  assisted  in  making  peace  with 
Philip  le  Bel.  He  dined  with  the  Prince  of  Wales 
at  Perth  10  and  n  February  1303-4. 

He  was  Commander  14  January  1303  of  the 
forces  at  Benvick-upon-Tweed.  On  5  April  1306 
appointed  King's  "locum  tenens"and  Captain  in  York 
and  Northumberland  and  Lothian,  to  oppose  the  late 
Earl  of  Carrick's  rebellion  on  the  East  marches. 
Brus  having  murdered  the  King's  liege  John  Comyn 
of  Badenoch,  the  men  of  York  and  Northumberland 
and  from  Lothian  to  Dumfries  to  obey  Earl  Aymer  on 
eight  days'  warning.  He  was  further  authorised  to 
receive  to  the  King's  peace  the  "  middling  "  men  of 
Scotland  who  are  in  rebellion,  saving  those  who  were 
privy  to  Comyn's  murder  and  other  magnates.  On 
8  June  the  King  thanks  him  and  his  other  good 
people  for  their  services,  especially  reciting  the 
capture  of  the  Bishop  of  Glasgow  and  the  burning  of 
Sir  Simon  Eraser's  lands  in  Selkirk  forest ;  commanded 
to  do  the  same  to  all  enemies  on  his  march.  On 
the  i  gth  he  was  further  ordered  to  burn,  destroy,  and 
strip  the  lands  and  gardens  of  all  Sir  Michael  de 


AYMEK  DE    VALENCE,  EARL  OF  PEMBROKE. 


Wyme's  manors  and  do  the  same  or  worse  if  possible 
to  the  lands  and  possessions  of  Sir  Gilbert  de  la 
11  aye. 

Led  the  van  of  the  army  against  Brus,  whom  he 
defeated  at  Methven  19  June  1306,  taking  captive 
the  wife  and  daughter  of  the  Scottish  King  ;  he 
crossed  to  Kantyre,  hoping  to  secure  Brus  himself; 
there  he  took  his  brother  Nigel,  who  was  sent  to 
Berwick  and  beheaded.  The  wife  of  Bruce  remained 
a  captive  until  Bannockburn,  when  she  was  exchanged 
for  the  Earl  of  Hereford  (see  page  12).  On  13  July 
Lochmaben  Castle  and  garrison  surrendered.  On 
4  October  he  had  a  grant  of  the  Castle  of  Selkirk  with 
the  forests,  the  manors,  and  demesne  lands,  he  and 
his  heirs  to  be  heritable  Sheriffs  of  the  Counties  of 
Peebles  and  Selkirk.  Guardian  of  Scotland  13  March 
1306-7  (1308  and  1314).  In  pursuit  23  February- 
20  March  of  Robert  Brus  in  Carrick,  &c.,  with  700 
men.  Brus  defeated  him  at  Loudon  Hill,  in  Ayrshire, 
10  May  following,  and  for  a  time  besieged  him  in  the 
Cnstle.  On  7  July  he  was  at  Burgh-on-the-Sands 
receiving  the  King's  dying  injunctions  to  oppose  the 
return  of  Piers  Gaveston  (the  boon  companion  of 
the  Prince  of  Wales),  who,  it  is  said,  nicknamed  him 
Joseph  the  Jew  because  he  was  tall  and  of  a  pallid 
countenance. 

Pembroke  was  commanded  18  October  1307  to 
repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his  forces  for  the  defence 
of  his  country  and  of  his  own  possessions ;  he  was 
present  in  the  Council  at  Lanercost  five  days  after, 
when  Jacobus,  Senescallus  Scotia?,  did  homage.  On 

6  November  he  escorted  Malise  Earl  of  Stratherne 
from  Rochester  Castle  to  York  Castle. 

Attended  the  Coronation  of  Edward  II.  as  Earl 
of  Pembroke,  when  he  carried  the  left  boot 
23  February  1308.  Rymer's  Fcedera,  ii.  36. 

Ordered  16  June  1309,  after  taking  Council  at 
Westminster,  to  meet  the  King  at  Berwick  and  to 
march  against  the  Scots  enemy  with  all  his  forces. 

He     was     strictly      though     vainly     prohibited 

7  February    1310   (and    28    November    1311)    from 
repairing    to   parliament    at    Westminster    with   an 
armed  force.     The  King  was  compelled  to  consent 
to  the  appointment  of  the  (21)  "  Ordainers."     Pem- 
broke was  elected  (with  the  Earl  of  Lincoln)  one  of 
the  six  who  co-opted  the  fifteen,  all  being  sworn  in 
the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310,  see  page  xlv. 

On  2  August  1310  he  was  earnestly  requested  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  8  September,  and,  though 
he  refused  to  leave  London,  he  acknowledged  and 
proffered  the  service  of  five  knight's  fees,  performed  by 
one  knight  and  eight  "  servientes "  with  ten  barded 
horses  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  12  September. 

In  December  1311  Bothwell  Castle  had  been 
restored  to  him.  It  had  been  taken  into  the  King's 
hands  to  avoid  danger  from  the  Scots  "  from  want 
of  munition." 

Pembroke  joined  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  against 
Gaveston,  and  in  May  1312  with  a  large  body  of 


armed  men  besieged  him  in  Scarborough  Castle,  until 
he  surrendered  on  condition  that  his  life  should  be 
respected,  and,  failing  an  accommodation,  that  he 
should  be  restored  to  the  Castle  in  the  same  position 
as  he  then  was.  Gaveston  was  lodged  at  Deddington, 
near  Wallingford,  under  guard,  which  in  Pembroke's 
absence  Warwick  surprised,  and,  having  carried  his 
prisoner  to  Warwick  Castle,  executed  him  without  trial 
on  Blacklow  Hill,  see  page  17. 

Enraged  at  the  outrage,  Pembroke  joined  him- 
self to  the  party  opposed  to  I^ancaster,  and  in 
August  he  was  accredited  to  the  Pope.  About  this 
time  he  received  a  grant  of  the  New  Temple  and 
other  lands  of  the  Templars  in  London. 

On  17  January  1313  he  was  S[>ecially  and 
peremptorily  enjoined  to  abstain  from  attending  the 
tournament  of  New  Market.  On  23  May  he  accom- 
panied the  King  and  Queen  when  they  set  sail  for 
I  )over.  He  was  lieutenant  and  "  Custos  "  of  Scot- 
land 24  March  1314  [lending  the  King's  arrival,  had 
a  command  at  Bannockburn  (24  June),  and  saved 
himself  by  flight.  Captain  and  Custos  of  all  terri- 
tories, &c.,  between  the  Trent  and  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed  (10  August).  One  of  the  three  Commissioners 
appointed  to  open  the  parliament  at  York  in  the  King's 
absence  7  September  1314.  On  4  May  following 
certain  "hobelers,"&c.,  were  ordered  to  be  raised 
from  his  lordships  in  Ireland  and  elsewhere.  On 
21  June  (1315)  he  was  despatched  a/uis  et  armis  to 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  for  the  defence  of  the  Scottish 
marches;  and  in  August  was  appointed  King's 
Lieutenant  and  Captain  of  the  forces  between  the 
Trent  and  Roxburgh.  Commanded  to  obey  and 
assist  the  Earl  of  I^ancaster  against  Bruce,  and  sta- 
tioned with  other  "  magnates  "  at  or  near  the  marches 
for  their  defence  against  him. 

Joint  ambassador  to  the  Pope  December  1316  ; 
taken  prisoner  on  his  way  home  by  one  Moiller,  a 
Burgundian,  who  took  him  into  Germany  as  a  hostage 
for  wages  alleged  to  be  due  by  the  King  of  England. 
He  was  ransomed  on  payment  of  twenty  thousand 
pounds  of  silver  (livres  tf  argent). 

The  customs  in  the  port  of  Kingston-upon-Hull, 
which  he  held  as  security  for  a  debt,  being  paid  off 
by  the  Bardi  of  Florence,  his  attorney  is  ordered  by 
writ  4  August  1317  to  deliver  up  the  cocket  seal. 

On  24  November  1317  he  confederated  with 
Roger  d'Amory  and  Lord  Badlesmere  to  work  to- 
gether for  supreme  influence  in  the  Council.  A  new 
Council  was  appointed  at  Leek  9  August  1318. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
in  June  1318  that  Parliament  will  not  meet  owing  to 
the  invasion  of  the  Scots.  One  of  the  extraordinary 
Council  to  be  about  the  King — obtained  his  writ  of 
scutage  2  June  1319,  and  in  October  was  at  the  siege 
of  Berwick  with  sixty  men.  On  22  December  he 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  who  concluded  a  two 
years'  truce  with  Bruce.  "Custos"  of  the  forests 
fitra  Trentam  18  May  1320. 


AYMER  DE    VALENCE    EARL   OF  PEMBROKE. 


He  was  "Gustos"  of  the  Kingdom  4  June 
during  the  King's  absence  beyond  the  seas,  and  one 
of  the  King's  "  Embassodors "  despatched  to  the 
marches  to  treat  with  the  Scots  19  January  1320. 

He  was  requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in 
appeasing  the  disturbances  and  also  to  refrain  from 
attending  any  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies  in 
the  Welsh  marches  in  opposition  to  the  Despencers. 
One  of  the  "  magnates  "about  to  assist  the  King  in 
Ledes  Castle;  to  muster  October  1321  (seepage  xlvi). 
"  But  the  tide  of  popular  sympathy,  already  wavering, 
was  turned  to  the  royal  cause  by  an  insult  offered  to 
the  Queen,  against  whom  Lady  Badlesmere  had  closed 
the  doors  of  Ledes  Castle." 

One  of  the  Earls  and  Barons  present  in  the 
military  Council  held  at  Pontefract  March  1322, 
when  his  former  friend  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  and  his 
adherents  were  declared  rebels,  many  of  whom  were 
executed  on  the  22nd. 

The  King  received  a  letter  30  March  1322  from 
the  Mayor  of  Newcastle- upon-Tyne  with  news  of  the 
Scottish  invasion,  and  Earl  Aymer  was  ordered  to 
collect  his  forces  at  Byland  Abbey  (Yorkshire)  by 
14  October  1322  to  join  the  Earl  of  Richmond  and 
Henry  de  Beaumont  in  acting  against  the  Scots  who 
are  round  (North)  Allerton.  On  this  date  Bruce 


surprised  and  defeated  the  royal  forces,  the  King  of 
England  narrowly  escaping  capture. 

This  year  (1322)  Mons.  Thomas  de  Sackvile, 
John  de  Pakenham,  Nichole  de  Cantilo,  and  Aleyn 
de  Leaumes,  men-at-arms  of  the  County  of  Bucks, 
are  all  noticed  as  being  in  his  retenance  in  Scotland. 
In  1323  he  was  empowered  to  raise  a  detachment  of 
archers  from  the  counties  of  Gloucester  and  Hereford 
and  the  Forest  of  Dean  ;  and  was  also  commanded 
to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the  army  ;  he  accom- 
panied the  King  in  his  expedition  against  the  Scots. 
He  was  one  of  the  Council  at  Bishopsthorpe  (York) 
30  May  for  deliberating  on  a  truce  with  the  Scots, 
which  was  concluded  for  thirteen  years. 

Prohibited  14  November  1323  from  holding  any 
correspondence  with  Mortimer  after  his  escape  from 
the  Tower,  and  ordered  to  pursue  and  arrest  him. 

He  died  at  Compiegne  when  on  embassy  23  June 
1324.  Mary,  his  widow,  founded  by  grant  from  her 
cousin  Edward  III.  the  College  of  Maryde  Valence 
in  Cambridge,  now  called  Pembroke  Hall. 

Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  345  ;  C.S.  D.  ; 
Nicolas'  Synopsis,  ^f>yt  ;  Archoeologia,  xxi. ,  pt.  I,  203  ; 
Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  873;  II.  div.  3,  1544;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Kalkirk,  153;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  7; 
Ur.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  14,076. 


WILLIAM  DE  LEY  BURN  OF  LEYBURN. 


De  Hepburn  of  Hepburn. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9,  AND   POSTHUMOUSLY    l6  JUNE    1311. 

SEAL,  1301. — Six  lyoncelles.     The  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough.     On  either  side 
a  decorative  wyvern. 

*    S'  WILL'I  :  D€  :  L€YBVRN€. 


WILLIAM  DE  LEYBURN,  of  Leyburn,  in 
Kent,  Seneschal  of  Inglewood  Forest 
1270;  son  of  Sir  Roger,  governor  of  Carlisle,  who 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  Barons,  turned  royalist ; 
served  at  the  taking  of  Northampton  and  its  castle, 
was  wounded  at  the  siege  of  Rochester,  and  taken 
prisoner  at  the  battle  of  I^ewes,  but  was  at  Evesham 
ex  parte  regis. 

William  was  summoned  to  perform  military  service 
in  person  in  the  first  invasion  against  Llewelyn,  Prince 
of  Wales,  to  muster  at  Worcester  in  July  1277,  and 
again  five  years  after  at  Rhuddlan  2  August  1282 
in  the  second  Welsh  invasion.  Acknowledged  (July 
1277)  the  service  of  half  a  knight's  fee  for  his  father's 
inheritance  and  one  knight's  fee  in  Eleham  performed 
by  himself  and  one  knight. 


He  was  excepted  from  the  general  summons  to 
serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony  June 
1294.  Summoned  to  muster  at  London  in  July  1297, 
for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas.  Constable  of 
I'evensey  Castle  1294.  Captain  of  the  fleet  lying  at 
Portsmouth  for  the  embarkation  of  forces  to  Gascony, 
said  to  have  served  with  the  King  in  Flanders 
1299-1300.  "Admiral  of  the  Sea  of  the  King  of 
England"  1297. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  and  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle  and 
Berwick-upon- Tweed  1298-1303.  Served  at  the 
head  of  five  knights  and  fifteen  esquires  in  1299. 
One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  July 
1300. 


Guillemes  de  Leybourne  aufi 
Vaillans  horns,  fanx  mes  et  fans  fi, 
Baniere  i  ot  o  larges  pans, 
De  inde,  o  fis  blans  lyouns  rampans. 


Also  William  de  Leyburne, 
A  valiant  man  without  but  and  without  if, 
Had  there  a  banner  with  a  large  pennon, 
Of  blue,  with  fix  white  lyons  rampant. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  in 
St.  Hilary,  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'NUS.  DE 
LEYBURNE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 


attached   his   seal   as   shown.     Writ   of  ditm  clausit 
extremum  tested  12  March  1309-10. 

Authorities.  —Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  704  ;  C.S.D. ;  Roll 
of  Caerlaverock,  a/.  Wright,  19 ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals,  British  Museum,  11,338. 


CORD    V. 


(00)  1benr\>,  Carl  of  Lancaster  ano  Leicester. 
(59)  TOlliam  Ic  lattmcr,  TLort)  of  Corby. 


,  Carl  of  JLaneaeter  anD  ^Leicester. 

, 


helm 

.shk'!  he  head  •<(  a   bu! 

.  • 

\ 

»Jl    iS '!    H€NRIGI  :  D€  :  LANCASTIR  :  DOMIN!!  :  D'E    MONCMVTA. 

Hicrwick  ui 
' 

'•virk  in  the  3rd  "  lauill. 

ic  Ix-sicp 
•d  ID  attend  •.  11  July  1300. 

Ke  d  >is  redic,  Thut  I  ni. 

eftudie 

' 

ihe). 

. 

. 
in    their 


///•.NRY,   EARL   OF  LANCASTER  AND  LEICESTER. 


29 


l^enrp,  Carl  of  Lancaster  and  3Utce0ter. 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   26  DECEMBER    1323 

SEAL,  1301. — A  shield  couche,  bearing  the  arms  of  England  differenced  with  a  baston.  The 
helm,  with  lambrequin,  crested  with  a  dragon  or  wyvern.  On  either  side,  and  surmounting  the 
shield,  two  winged  monsters — the  dexter  guardant  having  the  head  and  horns  of  a  bull,  the 
sinister  a  wyvern. 

*    [8'J    H€NRICI  :  D€  :  LANCASTIR  :  DOMINtl  :  D]E    MONCMVTA. 


HENRY,  LORI)  OF  MONMOUTH,  grandson 
of    Henry    III.,     succeeded     his    brother 
Thomas   (see   page   5)  as   Earl   of   I^ancaster.     He 
served    in    Flanders  (1297-8)    and   during  the  wars 
with  the  Scots  ;  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at 


Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
and  York  1299-1323.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Fal- 
kirk  in  the  3rd  "  bataille"  or  King's  division  22  luly 
1 298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 


Ke  de  Henri  ne  vous  redie, 
Ki  touz  jours  toute  fe  eftudie 
Mist  a  resembler  son  bon  pert 
E  portoit  les  armes  fon  frere, 
Au  bleu  baftoun  sanz  le  label. 


That  I  may  go  on  to  speak  of  Henry, 
Whose  whole  daily  study 
Was  to  resemble  his  good  father ; 
And  he  bore  the  arms  of  his  brother, 
With  a  blue  baton,  without  the  label. 


He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
MUNEMUE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation,  and  also  to  attend  at  Dover  4  or  5 
February  to  meet  Queen  Isabel  and  form  part  of 
her  suite.  He  and  his  consort  were  summoned 


(8  February)  to  attend  the  Coronation  in  the  train  of 
the  King  and  Queen  ;  he  walked  in  the  procession 
bearing  the  royal  wand  or  sceptre  surmounted  by  a 
dove  25  February  1308. 

He  joined  with  the  Barons,  headed  by  his  brother, 
in  their  opposition  to  the  King,  and  obtained  a 
pardon  16  October  1313  as  an  adherent  of  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster  for  his  participation  in  the  death  ot 
Gaveston. 

In    1315-16   he  joined    the    marcher    lords    in 


3° 


HENRY,   EARL   OF  LANCASTER  AND  LEICESTER. 


suppressing  the  rebellion  of  Llewelyn  Bren,  and 
three  years  later  was  commanded  to  muster  his  Welsh 
retainers  at  Newcastle  to  serve  against  the  Scots. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones "  in  1318  he- 
was  informed  that  the  summons  to  Parliament  was 
revoked  in  consequence  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots. 
He  obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  28  November  1319 
for  service  performed  4  Edward  II.,  and  again 
2  June  1323  for  services  performed  28,  31  and  34 
Edward  I.  He  was  commanded  23  May  1323  to 
raise  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over  and  above 
his  contingent  due  by  tenure,  for  service  against  the 
Scots,  and  (18  April)  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the 
army. 

He  was  prohibited  (14  November  1323)  from 
holding  any  correspondence  with  Mortimer  after  his 
escape  from  the  Tower,  and  ordered  to  pursue  and 
arrest  him. 

On  29  March  1324  he  obtained  a  special  livery 
of  the  earldom  and  honour  of  Leicester  (the  Castle 
of  Kenilworth  excepted),  &c.,  &c.,  and  consequent 
thereon  the  King  and  Council  adjudged  that  he 
should  enjoy  the  name,  rank  and  honour  of  "  Earl 
of  Leicester."  Was  commanded  4  August  to  hold 
himself  in  readiness  for  the  defence  of  the  Duchy  of 
Aquitaine,  &c.,  and  2  August  1325  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Portsmouth  for  personal  service  in  Gascony, 
but  exonerated,  having  sent  his  service  in  Scotland. 

Appointed  28  February  1326  one  of  the  justices 
for  the  trial  of  those  who  slew  Roger  Bele. 

He  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  that  confederacy 
which  overturned  the  Despencers,  joined  Queen 
Isabella,  and  deposed  Edward  II.  By  letters  patent 
dated  at  Strogoill  (Chepstow)  20  October  1326  Hugo 


le  Despencer  and  others  were  empowered  to  seize 
Grosmound,  Kynfrith  and  White  Castle,  and  other 
his  castles,  manors,  lands  and  tenements  in  Wales 
or  the  marches.  He  was  one  of  the  Council  of 
Bristol  (26  October)  and  joined  in  the  election  of 
Edward  III.,  then  Duke  of  Aquitaine,  as  Regent 
and  "  Gustos "  of  the  kingdom  ;  sat  in  judgment 
(27  October)  on  and  condemned  the  elder  Despencer. 
He  eventually  took  the  King  and  the  younger 
Despencer — the  former  was  in  his  custody  as  keeper 
of  Kenilworth  Castle  until  5  April.  He  was  at 
Monmouth  in  the  following  month,  when  the  Bishop 
of  Hereford  delivered  the  message  to  the  King 
requesting  him  to  give  up  trie  Great  Seal. 

Upon  the  accession  of  Edward  III.,  Earl  Henry 
girded  the  King,  January  1326-7,  with  the  sword  of 
knighthood,  and  on  his  Coronation  he  was  appointed 
Edward's  guardian  i  February.  On  the  reversal  of 
the  attainder  of  Earl  Thomas,  7  March  of  the  same 
year,  he  became  Earl  of  Lancaster  and  of  Leicester, 
and  High  Steward  of  England,  substituting  the 
label  instead  of  the  baston  for  difference,  Ashmole 
Roll  ISA.  He  joined  a  confederacy  against 
Mortimer,  but  was  obliged  to  submit  1329  ;  pardoned 
12  December  1330.  In  the  same  year  he  was  sent 
on  an  embassy  to  France ;  became  blind  and  died 
22  September  1345.  Founded  the  hospitium  at 
Leicester,  to  which  his  son  added  a  college  with 
dean  and  canons  called  (collegium  novi  operis) 
Newark. 

Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  693  ;  II.  div.  3, 
1065;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  143;  Roll 
of  Caerlaverock,  at.  Wright,  20  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals  in  British  Museum,  11,211. 


WILLIAM  LE  LATIMER  OF  CORBY 


3' 


ffftilliatn  le  2Lattmer  of  Corbp* 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   22  JANUARV    1304-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  cross  patonce,  the  shield  between  two  decorative  wyverns  and  suspended  from 
a  trifurcated  bough. 

%    S'   WILL6LMI  .  L€  .  LATIM€R. 


WILLIAM  LATIMER,  of  Corby,  in  Northamp- 
tonshire, circa  1257,  and  of  Dan  by,  in  York- 
shire, circa  1298,  son  and  heir  of  William  le  Latitner, 
of  Billinges,  in  Yorkshire  ;  escheator  north  of  Trent 
1259,  sheriff  of  Yorkshire,  governor  of  the  castles  of 
York  and  Scarborough.  Stood  by  Henry  III.  in  his 
contests  with  the  Barons.  Took  the  Cross  and  went 
on  crusade  under  Prince  Edward  1270. 

Latimer  was  summoned  to  perform  military 
service  in  person  in  the  first  invasion  against 
Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  to  muster  at  Worcester 
July  1277,  and  again  in  the  second  invasion,  at 
Rhuddlan  August  1282,  when,  defeated  at  the  Menai 
Straits  6  November  following,  he  escaped  "  by  riding 
through  the  midst  of  the  waves."  He  is  also  said  to 
have  served  in  Aquitaine  1286-9  an(i  I292  under  the 
famous  St.  John  (see  page  52),  and  to  have  been  in 
command  at  Rione  in  1295.  He  was  excepted  from 
the  general  summons  to  serve  in  Gascony  14  June 


1 294,  but  generally  summoned  to  muster  at  London 
7  July  1297  et/ttis  et  ctrmis  for  service  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas,  in  November  and  December  following  to 
muster  at  Sandwich  for  service  in  Flanders,  and 
again  at  London  the  next  month.  The  King  had 
embarked  22  August. 

Appointed  King's  lieutenant  and  "  Capitaneus  "in 
the  counties  of  Nottingham  and  Derby,  York  and 
Northumberland,  25  Novemlier  1298. 

He  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  had 
summons  to  attend  musters  at  Norham  (1291), 
Carlisle,  York  and  Berwick-upon -Tweed  1298-1303. 
He  fought  at  the  battle  of  Stirling  12  September 
1297,  and  at  Falkirk  (with  his  sont  and  namesake) 
22  July  1298  ;  remained  in  Scotland  to  superintend 
the  fortifying  of  castles.  As  "Custos"  of  Berwick 
he  raided  Galloway.  A  "  valiant "  veteran,  he  took 
part  in  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Prouesce  ke  avoit  fait  ami 
De  Guilleme  le  Latimier, 
Ki  la  crois  patee  de  or  mier 
Portoit,  en  rouge  bien  pourtraitu, 
Sa  baniere  ot  cele  part  traite. 


Prowess,  who  had  made  her  friend 

Of  William  le  I^atimer, 

Who  a  gold  cross  patee 

Bore,  well  pictured  on  red, 

Carried  his  banner  into  that  squadron. 


Though  not  summoned  (t)  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined 
as  D'N'S.  DE  CORKY  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  shown.  As  "  Custos "  of  Rox- 
burgh Castle  he  was  ordered  to  remain  in  Scotland 
in  the  King's  service,  writ  tested  at  "  La  Sele " 
ii  Sept.  1302,  notwithstanding  his  summons  to  the 
(If)  William  le  Latimer,  junior,  was  summoned. 


parliament  at  Michaelmas.  He  died  5  December 
1304.  Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at 
West  Rasene  20  December,  33  Edward  I.,  1304. 

f  Sir  William  de  I.atymer  le  fitz  ;    port  de  gulez  ov  ung 
crois  patee dor  ov  le  laml>el  dargent. 


Authorities.— Report   on   Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th   Report, 
350;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  699;  Scotland  in  1298,  Kalkirk, 
145  ;    Roll    of  Caerlaverock,    ed.     Wright,    19 ; 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,254. 


Dr.    Birch's 


EDMUND     DE     HASTINGS.     See  page   35. 


CORD    VI. 


(74)  3obn  t>e  Ibastinos,  TLort>  of 


(73)  e&muno  &c  Ibasnnos,  Uoi^  of  £nchimchohnoh. 
(75)  ^nui^  ^e  fl>ortimcr,  lorfc  of  watoniorc. 
(7«)  jfulhc  f  itj-Warmc,  lo^  of  Mbittinoton. 


OmunU 


>MVNOI     0€ 


flNG  :  Of     COMITATV  :  M€N€T€I. 


dc    ; 


i 


Edmund 


' 


A  ki  i 


Adopt 


rliament  ' 
y    i 300- i . 


' 


n. 

1314 


••if  th 


EDMUND  DE  HASTINGS. 


35 


tie 


SUMMONEt)  TO   PARLIAMENT  AS  A   11ARON    29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   26  JULY    1313. 

SEAL,  1301.—  Barry  wavy  for  Drummond  -the  shield  set  between  two  sprigs,  decorated  or 
crested  with  a  wingless  wyvern,  facing  the  sinister.     See  also  pages  xxx  and  32. 

[*    S'  EDMVNDI  :  D€  :  HASTING  :  D€  :  COMITATV  :  M€N€T€IJ 


BARON  EDMUND,  brother  of  "Competitor" 
John,  was  a  younger  son  of  Sir  Henry 
de  Hastings  of  Ashill,  in  Norfolk.  In  1293  he 
married  (according  to  G.E.C.)  Isabella,  widow  of 
William  Comyn  of  Badenoch,  daughter  and  heir 
of  Isabella,  Countess  of  Menteith,  by  her  husband, 
[another]  William  Comyn.  Edward  I.  granted  him, 
about  1296,  the  lands  of  Inchmahome,  in  Perthshire, 
the  chief  barony  in  the  Earldom  of  Menteith.  These 
lands  and  also  the  arms  (harry  wavy  (6)  argent  and 
azure)  belonged  to  Sir  John  Drummond,  a  prisoner 
in  England,  see  Sir  John's  effigy,  SOME  FEUDAL 
COATS  OF  ARMS. 

Edmund  appears  on  the  Ragman  Roll  as  doing 


homage  to  Edward  I.  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
28  August  1296,  at  the  same  time  as  the  King  of  Scot- 
land, the  clergy,  nobles,  and  the  community  of 
Scotland. 

On  17  August  1297  the  Constable  of  Wisbeach 
Castle  was  instructed  to  release  John  de  Dromman 
of  Scotland,  as  Hastings  had  become  surety  that 
this  John  would  serve  the  King  in  France. 

Edmund  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and 
was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  Newcastle  -  upon  -  Tyne 
1299-1310.  He  fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298,  and,  with  his  brother  John,  was  among 
the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle,  n  July  1300. 


E  baniere  de  oevre  pareile, 

De  or  fin  o  la  manche  vermeille. 

Eymons,  fes  freres  li  vaillans, 
Le  label  noir  i  fu  cuellans. 
A  ki  pas  ne  devoit  faillir 
Honnours,  dont  fe  penoit  cuellir. 


And  a  banner  of  similar  work, 
Of  fine  gold  with  a  red  maunch. 

Kdmond,  his  worthy  brother, 

Adopted  there  the  black  label. 

Whom  could  not  fail 

Honours,  which  he  took  pains  to  acquire. 


He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S. 
DE  ENCHIMEHOI.MOK  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on 
their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Warden  of  Berwick  12  February  1301-2,  with  ten 
men-at-arms  and  180  foot  soldiers,  of  whom  forty  were 
to  be  cross-bowmen,  some  carpenters  and  others  masons. 
He  was  thanked  20  May  1308  for  his  fidelity  in  the 
Scottish  wars  and  requested  (as  on  1 1  September 
1302)  to  continue  stationed  in  the  garrison  in  which 
he  then  was.  Joint-Warden  between  Forth  and  Orkney 
with  Sir  John  Fitzmarmaduke  and  Sir  Alex,  de  Aber- 
nethy,  Warden  of  the  garrison  of  Perth  and  Con- 
stable of  Dundee  Castle  in  1309.  Earnestly  requested 
(2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  8  Sep- 


tember 1310.  Warden  (and  sheriff)  of  Berwick  May 
to  July  1312,  his  charger  "  dextrarium,"  and  at 
Dundee  in  July  "dextrarium  badium."  Ordered 
28  April  1313  to  deliver  Isabella,  widow  of  John, 
Earl  of  Buchan,  to  Sir  Henry  de  Beaumont.  "She, 
who  had  been  a  prisoner  at  Berwick  since  the  late 
King's  time,"  7  November  1306,  placed  the  crown  on 
the  head  of  Robert  Brus  at  Scone  on  the  preceding 
27  March.  Hastings  died  in  the  year  of  Bannock- 
burn,  1314. 

One  Edmund  de  Hastings,  miles,  performed 
military  service  against  the  Scots  due  from  John  de 
Gray.  Muster  at  Tweedmouth  10  September  1310. 

Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  658  ;  II.  <liv.  3, 
981  ;  C.S.I).  ;  Arcruenlogia,  xxi.,  pi.  1,217;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  137;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  <•./.  Wright,  23;  Dr. 
Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,531. 


JOHN  DE  HASTINGS,  LORD   OF  BERCA  VENNY. 


JOHN     DE    HASTINGS       See  also  fage  xxx. 


JOHN  1)E  HASTINGS,  LORD  OF  BERGAVENNY. 


37 


Ue  $asting0,  lord  of  Bergatoennp. 

SUMMONED     TO     PAKLIA.MKNT     23     JUNE     1295     TO     8     JANUARY     1312-13. 

SEAL,  1301. —  Four  fleurs-de-lys  between  the  cross  of  St.  George  powdered  with  like  lilies  of 
France.     The  shield  between  three  sprigs. 

N  :  TOM€  :  ICH  :  MAY  :  N  .  .  .  N  .  .  .  :  IF  :  GOD  :  N'AM€ND€  :  M  .  .  .  . 

OR 
&    ALMYN   :  TYM€  :  ICHMA GOD  :  NAM€ND€  :  Ml  :  COLY 

so  read  by  Lancaster  Herald  in  1611,  see  page  xxx.     MI  :  COLY  i.e.  MOI  CELUI. 


COUNTER  SEAL. — If  reversed  will  blason  itself  allusively  as — Quarterly,  in  the  first  and  fourth, 
the  lyon  of  Scotland,  in  the  second  and  third  a  lyon  of  England.  Over  all  the  cross  of  St.  George 
powdered  with  the  fleurs-de-lys  of  France.  On  either  side  of  the  shield  a  decorative  wyvcrn.  See 
next  page. 

.  .  .  H€  :  OF  :  ROD€S  :  I€T  :  .  ICH  :  Hl€  .  .  €  .  .  GODS€ND6  .  .  .  €T 

Referring  to  this  legend  of  the  Counter  Seal,  Lancaster  Herald  added  in  1611 — "  Non 
potcst  legi." 


THIS  seal  with  its  counter  seal  and  legends  will 
probably  continue  to  invite  solution.  It  may 
have  been  composed  as  a  useful  accessory  to  the 
Barons'  letter  and  to  serve  as  a  reminder  that  John 
had  been  and  might  again  become  a  "  competitor  "  for 
the  Scottish  Crown. 

Unfortunately  for  the  legends,  which  are  in 
middle  English,  the  seal,  in  addition  to  being  much 
damaged,  is  the  result  of  two  or  more  imperfect 
impressions  ;  thus  the  difficulty  of  deciphering  or 
divining  the  blurred  characters  becomes  almost  an 
impossibility. 

This  marcher  lord  succeeded  to  the  Barony  of 
Bergavenny  in  1273  on  the  death  of  his  uncle,  George 
de  Cantelupe.  His  father,  Sir  Henry  de  Hastings,  of 
Ashill,  in  Norfolk,  sided  with  De  Montfort,  and 
was  summoned  to  Simon's  parliament  24  December 
1264  and  died  in  1268. 

In  November  1287  and  November  1288  he  was 
enjoined  to  reside  on  his  lordships  and  demesnes 
until  the  rebellion  of  Resus  Jilius  Mereduci  (Rhys 
ap  Maredudd,  i.e.  Meredyth)  was  put  down.  Served 
under  the  regent  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall. 


Surety  15  May  1290  for  William  de  Douglas,  a 
prisoner  in  Leeds  Castle.  Hastings  was  Seneschal 
of  Aquitaine  and  an  unsuccessful  "  competitor "  for 
the  Scottish  Crown,  through  his  grandmother,  Ada, 
third  daughter  of  David,  Earl  of  Huntingdon.  Balliol 
claimed  from  David's  eldest  daughter  and  Bruce  from 
the  second.  The  competitors  agreed  at  Norham,  on 
Tuesday  next  after  Ascension  day  (5  June)  1 291,  to  re- 
ceive the  judgment  of  Edward,  as  lord  paramount.  He 
then  sealed  with  a  maunch,  having  the  legend  "  S'  Johis 
de  Hastinges,"  Fcedera  i.,  755,  ex.  orig.  in  Thesaur. 
Cur.  Recept.  Scacc. 

He  served  in  the  Scots  wars  in  1285,  and  was 
summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1299- 
1310.  Served  in  Ireland  1294,  and  was  summoned 
to  the  muster  'at  Portsmouth  i  September  1 294  for 
service  in  person  in  Gascony,  and  also  for  service 
beyond  seas  July  1297.  The  King  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August.  Commanded  the  Bishop  of 
Durham's  forces  at  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
ii  July  1300,  "for  he  was  the  most  intimate,  best 
beloved  he  had  there." 


Escu  avoit  fort  e  legier, 

E  baniere  de  oevre  pareile, 

De  or  fin  o  la  manche  vermeille. 


He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  DWs.  DE 
BERGEVKNY  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  as  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Commtinitas  "  of  England. 


He  had  a  strong  and  light  shield, 
And  a  banner  of  similar  work, 
Of  fine  gold  with  a  red  maunch. 

He  was  King's  lieutenant  in  Aquitaine  1302,  and 
Seneschal  1309.  On  22  May  1306  he  had  a  grant  of 
the  Earldom  of  Menteith  with  the  Isles  and  all 
other  forfeited  lands  of  Alan,  lately  Earl  of  Menetethe, 
a  rebel  with  Robert  de  Brus,  excepting  the  lands  in 


JOHN  DE  HASTINGS,   LORD   OF  HERGAVENNY. 


the  said  Earldom  granted  by  charter  to  his  brother 
Edmund. 

His  name  occurs  among  the  Knights  present  in 
the  Council  at  Lanercost  23  October  1306,  on  the 
performance  of  homage  by  "Jacobus  Senescallus 
Scotias."  Was  on  town  guard  at  Ayr  in  July  1307, 
and  30  September  following  he  was  commanded  to 
assist  the  Earl  of  Richmond  in  expelling  the  Scottish 
rebels  from  Galloway,  and  within  a  fortnight  to 
repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his  forces  for  the  defence 
of  the  country  and  of  his  own  possessions  there  and 
to  put  down  Robert  de  Brus. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

In  1310  his  son  and  heir  John  proffered  the 
service  of  one  serjeanty  with  one  bow  and  string, 


performed  by  one  "  serviens,"  who  is  to  follow  the 
King  at  his  pleasure  during  the  space  of  forty  days  ; 
muster  at  Tweedmouth  19  September  1310. 

He  was  on  the  King's  service  in  Gascony  1311, 
and  for  this  service  (equal  to  that  of  five  knight's 
fees)  his  son  John  obtained  his  writ  of  scutagu 
August  1319. 

He  died  28  February  1312-13  ;  was  buried  in  the 
Hastings  Chapel,  in  the  Church  of  the  Friars  Minor 
at  Coventry,  and  his  widow  was  remarried  to  Ralph 
de  Monthermer  (see  page  9). 


Authorities.-^ Report  on  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  343  ; 
Nicolas'  Synopsis,  7&3» ;  Archse&logia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  205; 
1'arliamentary  Writs,  I.,  658;  II.  div.  3,  981;  C.S.D.  ; 
Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  23  ;  Cotton  MS.,  Julius  C. 
VII.,  fol.  226. 


See  also  ff.  xxx  ami  76. 


ED. ^fUNI)  l)K   MORTIMER. 


-•.'*-.  -.* 


v^  „,,„,-»,. 


De  fl@ortimer* 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295   TO   2   JUNE    1302. 

SEAL,  1301.  -Three  bars  and  a  false  escocheon,  on  a  chief  a  pale  between  two  esquires ;  the 
shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough,  decorated  on  either  side  with  a  wingless  wyvern. 

S'  €DMVNDI  •  D€  •  MORTVO     MARI. 


EDMUND,  son  of  Roger  Mortimer,  the  famous 
marcher  lord,  served  in  the  Welsh  wars. 
Was  summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Montgomery 
May  1 283,  and  to  attend  the  parliament  at  Shrews- 
bury, 30  September  following,  for  the  trial  of  David, 
brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the 
misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin. 

Ordered  23  July  1287  to  place  himself,  together 
with  his  horse  and  foot  soldiers,  under  the  command 
of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Hertford, 
and  on  1 4  November  following  and  again  on  30  Novem- 
ber 1288  he  was  enjoined  to  reside  on  his  lordships 
and  demesnes  until  the  rebellion  of  Resus  fiF 
Mereduci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  Meredyth)  should 
be  put  down.  Appointed  5  December  "  Gustos  "  of 
Stretdeuwy  and  Cardiganshire. 

He  was  summoned  8  June  1294,  with  sixty  other 
"  magnates,"  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs, 
and  excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to 
serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 
Ordered  (i3th)  to  raise  200  men  from  his  lordships 
in  the  marches  of  Wales.  Summoned  three  years  later 
to  serve  in  parts  beyond  the  seas  7  July  (1297),  and 
to  appear  8  September  following  equis  et  armis  at  a 


military  Council  at  Rochester  before  Edward,  the 
King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England.  The  King 
had  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  sum- 
moned to  musters  at  Norham  1291,  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York,  and  Berwick  upon-T weed 
1298-1303.  Ordered  8  April  1298  to  raise  600  men 
from  his  land  of  Kery,  Kedewy  and  Arewostly  to  be 
led  to  the  King  at  Carlisle. 

Mortimer  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as 
D'x's.  DE  WIGEMOR'  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on 
their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Mortally  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Builth,  in 
Wales,  before  25  July  1304.  Died  at  Wigmore  Castle  ; 
buried  in  the  Abbey  there.  Writ  of  diem  clausit 
extremum  tested  at  Stirling  25  July  32  Edward  I. 
Inquisition  (Southants)  18  August  following  (see  the 
seal  of  his  brother  Roger,  Ix>rd  of  Chirke,  page  88). 

.ln/horities. — Parliamentary  Wrils,  I.,  748;  Dr.  Kirch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,955. 


4o 


FlfLffE,   LORD  F1TZWARINE. 


jfulfte,  SLorfc  5Fit32SJarine, 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295   TO   24  OCTOBER    1314. 

SEAL,  1301.— Quarterly  per  fess  indented.     On  either  side  of  the  shield  a  decorative  wyvern. 

%    S'  •  FVLCONIS  •  FILM  •  [WARINI]. 


FULKE  FITZWARINE,  of  Whittington  and 
Alberbury,  Salop,  son  of  a  famous  marcher 
lord  of  the  same  names.  Served  in  the  Welsh 
invasions,  and  was  summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at 
Worcester  July  1277  for  service  in  person  in  the  first 
expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  when 
he  acknowledged  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee 
performed  by  himself  and  one  "serviens."  Summoned 
five  years  later  to  serve  in  the  second  Welsh  invasion, 
to  muster  at  Rhuddlan  August  1282,  and  again  at 
Montgomery  Easter  1283.  Ordered  30  October  to 
place  himself  under  Roger  Extraneus  (Le  Strange). 
Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  a  month 
before,  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin ;  the 
writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses,  and 
death  of  Lewelin. 

Ordered  25  June  1287  to  place  himself  under 
Roger  Le  Strange,  who  was  in  command  of  the 
expedition  against  Resus  fiF  Mereduci  (Rhys  ab 
Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth).  In  the  following  month 
he  was  summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall ;  on  6  December  he  was  ordered  to 
obey  the  commands  of  Petrus  Corbet,  Gustos  of 
Lampader.  Enjoined  14  November  (1287)  and 
again  30  November  1288  to  reside  on  his  demesnes 
and  lordships  until  the  rebellion  of  Resus  should  be 
put  down. 

He  was  excepted  14  June  1294  from  the  general 
summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony,  and  ordered  in  November  following  to  join 
the  forces  under  Richard,  Earl  of  Arundel,  for  the 


relief  of  Bere  Castle,  in  Wales,  threatened  by  Madog 
ab  Morgan,  then  in  revolt. 

Summoned  by  special  writ  to  muster  at  London 
July  1297  for  service  in  person  beyond  the  seas, 
and  at  Sandwich  in  November  for  service  in  Flanders. 
Summoned  to  a  council  or  parliament  held  at  London 
30  September  1297  before  Edward,  the  King's  son 
and  lieutenant  in  England ;  his  horses  and  arms 
to  be  in  London.  The  King  had  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
York,  Carlisle  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  December 
1297-July  1318.  He  was  summoned  to  the  parlia- 
ment of  Lincoln,  'St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1, 
and  as  D'N'S.  DE  WHITINGTON  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons, 
as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Com- 
munitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown. 

Styled  Knight  of  the  Bath  in  1306  when  attending 
Prince  Edward  on  his  expedition  to  Scotland  against 
Robert  Bruce.  Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend 
the  King's  Coronation  25  February  1308.  He  was 
earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Berwick  8  September  1310,  and  July  following  to 
proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as  many  followers  as 
he  could  raise.  Pardoned,  16  October  1313,  as  an 
adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  for  his  participation 
in  the  death  of  Gaveston  ;  died  8  Edward  II. 

See  Parliamentary  Writs  I.,  614  ;  II.  div.  3,  878. 


.  CORD    VII. 

(i)  Tbenr?  DC  ipcrcp,  XorD  of  Copdiff. 

(•2)  SbcobalD  DC  DerDon,  ILorD  of  TKHeoblc£. 


of    i 

nl  and  l'1 


I  I  ! 

1    1       •  I'"".     : 


ftenrp  DC  ftttf* 


SIGILLVM  •  H€[NR1IC:I     D€     P€RCI. 

!d   the   (blui 


;itid 


•k.   and     | 


HENRY  DE  PERCY. 


43 


ftenrp  &e 


SUMMONED    TO    PARLIAMENT    5    FEBRUARY     1298-9    TO    29    JULY     1314. 
SEAL,   1301. — Baron  Henry,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.      Hauberk 
of  mail,  surcoat,  conical  helmet  with  vizor  down,  thereon   fan   plume  with  lambrequin.     On   his 
shield  and  the  caparisons  of  his  charger  is  the  lyon  of  Brabant. 

SIGILLVM  •  H€[NR1IC[I     D]€     P€RCI. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — On  a  shield  the  (blue)  lyon  of   Brabant,  within  Gothic  ornamentation, 
encircled  by  a  similar  legend. 


HENRY  I)E  PERCY,  of  Leconfield,  and  Top- 
cliff,  in  Yorkshire,  and  of  Petworth,  in 
Sussex,  was  3rd  son  of  Henry  de  Percy,  7th  or  8th 
feudal  lord,  by  Eleanor,  sister  of  John  de  Warenne, 
Earl  of  Surrey  (see  page  3). 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
council  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Corn- 
wall, July  1287,  and  also  to  perform  military  service 
in  person  in  Gascony  September  1294,  in  parts  be- 
yond the  seas  July  1297,  and  November  following  in 
Flanders  ;  the  King  had  embarked  22  August. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  Newcastle  -  upon  -  Tyne  1295  1314, 
knighted  before  Berwick  in  March  1295-6,  fought  at 
the  battle  of  Dunbar  27  April  1296.  Warden  of 


E  ot  en  fon  affemblement 
Henri  de  Percy,  fon  nevou, 
De  ky  fembloit  ke  euft  fait  vou 
De  aler  les  Efcos  derompant ; 
Jaune  o  un  bleu  lyon  rampant 
Fu  fa  baner  bien  vuable. 


Galloway  and  of  the  Castles  of  Ayr,  Wigton,  Crug- 
gleton  and  Hotel  8  September  1296.  In  1297  he 
and  Robert  de  Clifford  (page  93)  invaded  Annandale, 
advancing  to  Ayr,  and  in  June  were  ordered  to  arrest, 
imprison  and  "  justify  "  all  disturbers  of  the  peace  in 
Scotland,  or  their  resellers.  At  Irvine  on  7  July 
they  received '  to  the  King's  peace  the  Bishop  of 
Glasgow,  Brus,  Earl  of  Carrick,  and  James  the 
Seneschal,  as  a  result  of  the  "chavanche."  His 
forces  were  compelled  lo  retire  when  "  William 
Waleys  "  in  October  invested  Carlisle  and  burnt  the 
country  for  30  leagues  round.  On  19  December  he 
drew  ^769.  35.  4,d  the  pay  for  50  barded  horses, 
for  their  march  to  Scotland.  He  fought  at  the  battle 
of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers 
of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300. 

And  he*  had  in  his  company 
Henry  de  Percy,  his  nephew, 
Who  seemed  to  have  made  a  vow 
To  rout  the  Scots  : 
A  blue  lyon  rampant  on  yellow 
Was  his  banner  very  conspicuous. 


1  John,  the  good  Earl  \Varenne. 


44 


HENRY  DE  PERCY. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1.  As  D'N'S.  DE  TOPCLIVE  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown. 

The  King  granted  him  20  February  1298-9  all 
lands  in  England  and  Scotland  which  formerly  be- 
longed to  Ingelram  de  Balliol,  deceased,  and  now 
devolving  by  hereditary  right  on  Ingelram  de  Um- 
fraville,  the  King's  enemy  and  rebel.  In  1304  he 
also  had  a  grant  of  all  the  Earl  of  Buchan's  lands  with 
the  right  of  presentation  to  all  church  livings. 

The  men  of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland 
under  his  command  made  a  "  raid  "  into  Scotland, 
tested  at  La  Rose  (Carlisle)  20  September  1300. 
Enjoined  20  January  1302-3  to  place  himself  equis  et 
armis  and  all  his  forces  under  the  command  of  John 
de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland.  1  )ined 
with  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  Perth  4,  10  and  n  Feb- 
ruary 1303-4.  Served  at  the  siege  of  Stirling  in  July 
following.  In  April  1306  he  was  the  King's  "locum 
tenens  "  and  "  capitaneus  "  in  Cumberland  and  Gal- 
loway, &c. ;  the  Knights  and  "  Liberi  tenentes "  of 
Westmoreland  were  ordered  to  perform  service  under 
him,  to  put  down  the  rebellion  of  the  Earl  of  Carrick, 
who  had  murdered  the  King's  liege  John  Comyn  of 
Badenagh  ;  was  present  at  the  defeat  of  Brus  at  Dairy 
1 1  August,  but  was  besieged  by  him  at  Turnbury 
Castle,  in  Carrick.  In  October  1307  he  was  com- 
manded to  repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his  forces  for 
the  defence  of  the  country  as  well  as  of  his  own 
possessions. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308.  In  1309  he  purchased 
Alnwick  Castle  and  the  barony  from  Anthony  Beck, 
Bishop  of  Durham. 

One  of  the  fifteen  "  lords  Ordainers,"  elected  by 
the  original  six,  all  of  whom  were  sworn  together  in 


the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310  ;  they  appointed 
him  justice  of  the  forests  beyond  Trent  and  warden 
of  Scarborough  Castle.  Earnestly  requested 
(2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed  8  September.  Constituted  King's  nuncio 
or  ambassador  to  the  General  Council  in  1311. 
Ordered  in  May  to  be  at  Perth  with  200  English- 
men at  arms  to  oppose  Robert  de  Brus.  Refused 
to  give  up  Scarborough  Castle  to  William  le  Latimer 
(see  page  31),  to  whom  the  custody  had  been 
granted  by  the  King.  He  absconded  and  left  his 
retainers  in  possession  ;  they  refused  to  allow  the 
Mareschal  of  the  Household  to  enter,  and  continued 
to  hold  it  against  the  King  in  person.  Percy 
surrendered,  was  imprisoned,  pardoned,  and  had 
his  lands  returned  March  1312. 

In  April  1312  the  King  conferred  the  justiceship 
of  the  forests  on  Piers  Gaveston.  Percy  then  joined 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster  and  the  confederacy  in  their 
opposition  to  the  favourite,  assembled  a  large  body 
of  armed  men,  entered  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  4  May 
1312,  and  marched  south  to  join  the  Earls  of  Warren 
and  Pembroke  in  the  siege  of  Scarborough  Castle. 
Had  letters  of  safe  conduct  8  October  1312  until 
ii  November  1313.  Pardoned  16  October,  as  an 
adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  for  his  participation 
in  the  death  of  Gaveston.  Fought  at  Bannock  burn 
1314,  died  the  following  year,  buried  in  Fountains 
Abbey. 

Alienora  his  widow,  holding  the  wardship  or  cus- 
tody of  his  lands  beyond  the  Trent,  was  empowered 
1 6  December  1318  to  raise  and  arm  all  her  men  and 
tenants. 


Authorilits. — Nicolas'  Synopsis,  763;;  :  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I. ,776;  II.  div.  3, 1275;C.S.D.;  Archrcologia,  xxi.,pt.  I, 
223;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  153;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
ed.  Wright,  6  ;  Dr.  Birch  s  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  6,294. 


THEOBALD  DE   VERDON. 


45 


CfteobalD  De 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   24  JUNE    1295   TO   3    NOVEMBER    1306. 

SEAL,  1301.— Baron  Theobald,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.    Hauberk 
of  mail,  helm  with  vizor  down.     His  shield  and  the  caparison  of  his  horse,  fretty. 

%    SIGILLVM    TH6OBALDI    D€    V6RDVN. 

COUNTER  SEAL.  —A  shield,  fretty  ;  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough  ;  and  on  either  side 
a  decorative  lyon,*  and  two  sprigs  issuant. 

*    CONSTABVLARII  :  HYB€RNI€. 


THEOBALD  DE  VERDON  (son  of  John  de 
Verdou,  othenvise  le  Botiller,  of  Alton,  County 
Staffs.,  slain  in  Ireland  1278)  was  grandson  of 
that  Theobald  le  Boteler  who  assumed  the  sur- 
name of  his  wife,  Rohese  de  Verdon. 

In  the  parliament  at  Westminster  ig  May  1275  he 
agreed  to  the  customs  payable  on  wool,  wool  fells  and 
hides  shipped  from  the  ports  of  his  liberties  in  Ireland. 

He  served  in  the  wars  of  Wales  and  Scotland, 
musters  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  York,  Carlisle  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1309.  He  was  sum- 
moned to  perform  military  service  in  person  in  the 
first  expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  and 
to  attend  the  muster  before  the  Constable  and  Earl 
Marshal  at  Worcester  in  July  1277  (and  again  in  the 
second  Welsh  invasion  17  May  1282).  He  proffered 
the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  due  for  the  inheritance 
of  his  father,  and  two  knight's  fees  and  a  half  for  the 

*  See  also  the  Seals  of  Guy  Earl  of  Warwick,  p.  16 ;  de 
Mauley,  p.  126  ;  Mortimer,  p.  88  ;  ami  de  Mohun,  p.  131. 


purparty  of  the  inheritance  of  Walter  de  Lascy, 
performed  by  seven  "  servientes."  At  the  Rhuddlan 
muster  in  August  1282  his  service  was  performed  by 
himself  and  two  knights  and  one  "  serviens."  Sum- 
moned to  attend  the  muster  at  Montgomery  May 
1283,  and  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  September 
following,  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin  ; 
the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and 
death  of  Lewelyn.  Ordered  23  July  1287  to  raise 
all  the  foot  soldiers  fit  for  service  in  his  lordship  of 
Ewyas  Lacy  to  march  against  Resus  filius  Mereduci 
( Rhys  ap  Maredudd,  i.e.  Meredytb). 

Sat  in  the  parliament  of  18  Ed.  I.  (1289-90). 
"  For  divers  transgressions  and  disorders "  he  was 
adjudged  guilty  of  high  treason  in  1291,  but  com- 
pounded for  a  fine  of  500  marks.  Summoned 
1 8  June  1294,  with  about  sixty  other  "  magnates,1' 
to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs,  but  excepted 
(i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to  serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 


THEOBALD    DE    VERDON. 


One  of  the  "  Fideles "  of  Ireland  summoned  to 
appear  at  \Vhitehaven  i  March  1296  to  perform 
military  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas  (1296,  1297, 
1300-1302),  and  allowed  to  send  his  youngest  son 
Theobald  in  his  stead. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined 
as  D'x's.  DF.  WEBBELE  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 


and  attached  his  seal  as  shown.  Sent  in  1 303  the 
service  in  Scotland  of  three  and  a  half  knight's  fees. 
He  died  at  his  castle  of  Alton  24  August  1309,  buried 
in  Croxden  Abbey.  The  writ  of  diem  claiisit  extre- 
mitm  tested  at  Westminster  28  August,  3  Ed.  II. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  76411 ;  Tarliameiitary 
Writs,  I.,  883;  II.  cliv.  3,  1554;  Archoeologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  210;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
6,495- 


CORD    VIII. 


(4)  -Robert  jfits  Matter,  7LorO  of  Mooobam. 
(3)  3obn  oc  Suoclcy,  Uor^  of  Sule^e. 
(6)  3obu  St.  3obn,  Xoio  of  toalnahcr. 


fceberr  jftt5  OUalter, 

'10  OCTOBL, 

SEAL,  ,  .  fess  be.  h}eM  ^^  twQ  d  ^    ^ 

Upended    by  the  gu.ge  from  a  trifurcated  bough  ;    all  encircled  by  a  scroll.     See  also  Harleia 
Charters  50  C  8  and  D.C.G   234  in  the  British  Museum 


ROBERT  I  TKK,  of  \Voodham  Walter 

and  r,  both  in  Essex  (grandson  of  that 

it  Fit/.wai;  ofthe  Barons  wh.: 

J°hn   t(  '4»a  Charta).      Knighted   in 

[I:ui  li  a! innate 

•  to  the  Ardibishiv 

H    :ind    his     heirs     those     privileges    which 
•d  the  possessor,  banner  bearer  of  the  city. 
One  of  the  "magnates"  present  in  the  council 
nster    12    November  i .-  |U(J8. 

•>f  \VaK.s. 
Bight's  fees   in 

rfolk  and  Suffolk,  performed  by 
'f  andtw.'  immoned  to  serve 

Llewelyn. 

suinnioned   to    a' 
.'id  al  Kh 


of  three  knight's  fees  for  his  own  inheritance  and  one 
knight'8  fee  for  the  inheritance  of  his  wife,  per- 
formed by  himself  cum  dectxtt  cemitic*. 

••osent  when  Alexander   King  of  Scots 
the  King  in  parliament  at  Westnir 
!x-r  1278. 

1  from    th.    general    summons  to  - 
with  '  "i  into  Cascony  14  June  > 

Ordered  i  2  November  following  to  endeavour  to 
.-tie,  threatened  by  Madogab  Morgan, 
then  in  revolt.     Said  to  have  been  in  the  > 
Edmund,  Karl  of  I^ancaster,  in  the  wars  01 
d.  I. 

ed  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summon^ 
:   musters  at  N 


Olui  R 

• 


•<{ttes  il  de- 
er jaune  avoit 


•arlia- 

00-1. 

the    letter 
.-  Karo 
mmuii 


'    the 

:id  Ulij 


1  the 


ROBERT  1'ITZ   WALTER. 


49 


^ 


Robert  jFtt3  (KHalter. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23  JUNE    1295   TO    IO  OCTOBER    1325. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  fess  between  two  chevrons,  the  shield,  between  two  decorative  wyverns,  and 
suspended  by  the  guige  from  a  trifurcated  bough  ;  all  encircled  by  a  scroll.  See  also  Harleian 
Charters  50  C  8  and  D.C.G.  234  in  the  British  Museum. 


ROBERT  FITZWALTER,  of  Woodham  Walter 
and  Dunmow,  both  in  Essex  (grandson  of  that 
Robert  Fitzwalter,  leader  of  the  Barons  who  compelled 
King  John  to  sign  Magna  Charta).  Knighted  in 
1274.  Had  licence  in  1275  to  alienate  Baynard's 
Castle  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  he  reserved 
to  himself  and  his  heirs  those  privileges  which 
constituted  the  possessor,  banner  bearer  of  the  city. 

One  of  the  "magnates"  present  in  the  council 
held  at  Westminster  12  November  12/6  when  judg- 
ment was  given  against  Llewelyn,  Prince  of  Wales. 
Acknowledged  the  service  of  three  knight's  fees  in 
counties  Essex,  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  performed  by 
himself  and  two  knights,  when  summoned  to  serve 
in  person  in  the  first  expedition  against  Llewelyn, 
at  the  muster  of  Worcester  July  1277.  Served  also  in 
the  second  Welsh  invasion  ;  summoned  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Worcester  in  May  and  at  Rhuddlan  in 
August  1282,  when  he  again  acknowledged  the  service 


of  three  knight's  fees  for  his  own  inheritance  and  one 
knight's  fee  for  the  inheritance  of  his  wife,  per- 
formed by  himself  cum  decenti  comitiva. 

He  was  present  when  Alexander  King  of  Scots 
did  homage  to  the  King  in  parliament  at  Westminster 
29  September  1278. 

Excepted  from  the  general  summons  to  serve 
with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony  14  June  1294. 

Ordered  12  November  following  to  endeavour  to 
relieve  Bere  Castle,  threatened  by  Madog  ab  Morgan, 
then  in  revolt.  Said  to  have  been  in  the  retinue  of 
Edmund,  Earl  of  I^ancaster,  in  the  wars  of  Gascony, 
22  Ed.  I. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon  • 
Tweed  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1322.  Fought 
at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was 
one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July 
1300. 


O  lui  Robert  le  fiz  Water 

Ke  ben  fout  dez  armes  le  mefter, 

Se  en  fefoit  kanques  il  devoit, 

En  la  baner  jaune  avoit 

Feffe  entre  deus  cheverons  vermaus. 


Summoned  to  a  parliament  or  council  held  at  the 
New  Temple,  London,  October  1 299,  and  to  the  parlia- 
ment of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1. 
As  D'N'S.  DE  WODEHAM  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as 
well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  " 
of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2   August)   to   attend    the 


With  him»  Robert  Fitz-Walter, 
Who  well  knew  the  business  of  arms, 
And  practised  it  whenever  required. 
On  a  yellow  banner  he  had 
A  fess  between  two  red  chevrons. 
*  Henry,  the  good  Earl  of  Lincoln. 

muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310;  proffered  the 
service  in  Scotland  of  four  knight's  fees,  performed 
by  one  knight  with  five  others,  with  eight  barded 
horses,  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  four  days 
after.  The  battle  of  Bannockburn  was  fought 
24  June  1314.  In  June  1315  the  Scots  had  invaded 
Durham  and  unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle  22  July 
to  i  August ;  he  was  requested  30  August  to  continue 
stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter 
campaign. 


ROBERT  FITZ    WALTER. 


Appointed  22  November  1317  a  Justice  for  Essex 
to  suppress  illegal  meetings.  As  one  of  the  "  Majores 
Barones  "  he  is  informed  that  the  summons  for  the 
meeting  of  parliament  is  revoked  by  reason  of  the 
invasion  of  the  Scots  June  1318.  Obtains  his  writ  of 
scutage  20  July  1319  in  consideration  of  service  sent 
by  him  as  above,  12  September  1310.  Requested 
21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  appeasing  the  distur- 
bances on  the  Welsh  marches,  and  also  to  refrain  from 
attending  any  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies. 
Ordered  12  November  following  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  convened 
by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 

Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can  and  (i4th)  to 
appear  with  his  forces  at  Coventry  to  march  against 
the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster. 
The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March. 
A  Banneret  in  1322,  and  the  following  year  com- 
manded to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over 


and  above  his  contingent  due  by  tenure  for  service 
against  the  Scots ;  and  (18  April)  to  provide  pack- 
saddles  for  the  army,  to  be  ready  in  the  event  of  the 
wagon  train  being  discarded. 

Summoned  to  the  Great  Council  at  Westminster 
May  1324,  and  in  the  following  August  commanded 
to  hold  himself  in  readiness  for  the  defence  of  the 
Duchy  of  Aquitaine  ;  ordered  to  perform  military 
service  in  Gascony,  and  to  attend  the  muster  at  Forts- 
mouth  17  March  1325,  prorogued  to  17  May,  and 
again  to  2  August,  and  finally  discharged  from 
attending,  on  10  July. 

The  writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at 
Norwich  22  January  1325  (19  Ed.  II.). 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  345  ;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  613;  II.  div.  3,  876;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Kalkirk,  131  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  2  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  9,774. 


JOHN  DE   SUDELEY. 


De 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29   DECEMHER    1299  TO    1$    MAY    IJ2I. 
SEAL,   1301. — Diaprc,  two  bends.     All  within  a  pointed  Gothic  quatrefoyle  panel. 

K    S'  IOHANNIS    D€   SVLEYC. 
See  also  Additional  Charters  21,424,  21,426,  21,427  British  Museum. 


JOHN  DE  SUDELEY,  of  Sudeley,  County 
Gloucester  (son  and  heir  of  Sir  Bartholomew 
and  brother  of  Sir  William),  served  in  the 
second  invasion  into  Wales.  Summoned  to  perform 
military  service  in  person  (two  knight's  fees),  and  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  17  May  1282,  at 
Rhuddlan  August  following,  and  at  Montgomery 
May  1283.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrews- 
bury in  the  following  September  for  the  trial  of  David, 
brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the 
misdeeds,  trespasses,  and  death  of  Lewelin. 

Commanded  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
Council  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Corn- 
wall, July  1287.  Excepted  14  June  1294  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony.  Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and 
summoned  (among  the  Barons)  equis  et  armis  to 
Carlisle  26  September  1298,  and  to  attend  musters  at 
York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Carlisle,  and  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne  1299-1322. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1.  As  D'N'S.  DE  SVLLEE  he  joined 
in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

Chamberlain  of  the  Royal  household  34  Ed.  I. 
1305-6.  One  of  the  Barons  present  in  the  Council 
at  Lanercost  23  October  1306  when  Jacobus  Senes- 
callus  Scotia;  did  homage.  Was  on  raid  in  Nithsdale 
against  Brus,  February  to  May  1307. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310 ;  ordered, 


23  May  1311,  to  proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as 
many  followers  as  he  could  raise.  The  battle  of  Ban- 
nockburn  was  fought  24  June  1314.  In  August  1315 
he  was  ordered  to  remain  stationed  in  the  northern 
parts  during  the  winter  campaign.  In  June  the  Scots 
had  invaded  Durham  and  unsuccessfully  besieged 
Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August. 

One  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  informed  of  the 
revocation  of  the  summons  to  parliament  consequent 
on  the  invasion  of  the  Scots  June  1318. 

Requested  10  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  appeas- 
ing the  disturbances  on  the  Welsh  marches  caused  by 
Despencer  and  to  refrain  from  attending  illegal  assem- 
blies. Ordered  12  Noveml>er  following  also  to  abstain 
from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good  Peers" 
illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  I.ancaster  to  be  held 
at  Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as 
many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can,  and 
(i4th)  to  muster  at  Coventry  for  the  purpose  of 
marching  against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought 
17  March. 

In  February  and  March  1323  he  was  com- 
manded to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  can 
over  and  above  his  contingent  due  by  tenure  and 
(18  April)  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the  use  of 
the  army. 

Returned  by  the  Sheriff  of  Gloucestershire  to 
attend  the  Great  Council  at  Westminster  May  1324 
— died  1336. 

Authoritits.— Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  355  ;  Par- 
liamenlary  Writs,  I.,  85;  II.  div.  3,  1476;  C.S.D.  ; 
Archaeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  221. 


JOHN  ST.  JOHN  OF  HALNAKER,   SUSSEX. 


of 


WAS   NEVER   SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  Sir  John,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  of 
mail,  surcoat,  helm  with  vizor  down,  thereon  a  lyon  of  England  with  lambrequin,  between  two 
palm  branches.  On  his  shield  and  on  the  caparisons  of  his  charger  the  chief  and  mullets  of 
S.  John. 

*   S'  IOHANNIS  •  D€  •  SCO  •  IOHANN6  •  DNl  [•  D€     HAN]  NAK. 
COUNTER  SEAL.  —  The  St.  John  Arms  on  a  shield  between  two  decorative  wyverns. 

*     S'  JOH'IS  •  D€  •  SCO  •  IOHANN6. 


ST.  JOHN  has  been  accounted  the  foremost  com- 
mander of  his  age.  He  was  grandson  of 
William  de  Port,  who  assumed  the  name  of  his  grand- 
mother, Muriel,  daughter  and  heir  of  Roger  de 
S.  John,  of  Halnaker,  in  Sussex.  William  was  lineally 
descended  from  Hugh  de  Port,  who  held  inter  alia 
the  barony  of  Basing,  County  Southampton,  at  the 
general  survey. 

Governor  of  Porchester  Castle  53  Henry  III. 
1269.  One  of  the  "magnates"  in  the  Council  held 
at  Westminster  12  November  1276  in  judgment 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales.  Served  in  the  two 
great  invasions  of  Wales  1277  and  I28z-  Summoned 
to  attend,  for  service  in  person,  the  muster  at  Worcester 
July  1277  (acknowledged  the  service  of  three 
knight's  fees);  also  at  Rhuddlan  August  1282  for 
the  second  invasion  ;  and  at  Montgomery  May 
1283.  Summoned  to  attend  the  parliament  at 
Shrewsbury  30  September  following  for  the  trial  of 
Uavid,  brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  June) 
recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses,  and  death  of 
Lewelin. 


Served  with  Edward  I.  in  Aquitaine  1286-9, 
employed  on  foreign  affairs  1290-1.  King's  lieutenant 
in  the  Duchy  21  Ed.  I.  1293.  Occupied  in  strength- 
ening and  provisioning  the  fortified  towns  and  castles 
and  in  providing  adequate  garrisons  for  them  pend- 
ing the  receipt  of  instructions  to  deliver  seisin  of 
Gascony  to  the  French  3  February  1294  ;  excepted 
14  June  following  from  the  general  summons  to 
serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 
Appointed  seneschal  and  chief  councillor  to  John  of 
Brittany,  whom  Edward  sent  to  recover  his  denied  in- 
heritance, the  expedition  left  Plymouth  i  October. 
In  1296  Edmund  of  Lancaster  took  the  command, 
and  after  his  death  Henry  de  Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln, 
but  the  brunt  of  the  business  fell  on  S.  John,  who 
was  still  seneschal.  He  was  defeated  and  taken 
prisoner  with  ten  other  knights  near  Bellegarde 
28  January  1297,  and  remained  a  prisoner  in  Paris 
until  after  the  treaty  of  L'Aumone. 

In  the  summer  of  1297  he  was  again  summoned 
to  perform  military  service  in  person  beyond  the  seas 
and  in  December  to  serve  in  Flanders.  In  the  interim 


JOHN  ST.  JOHN  OF  HALNAKER,  SUSSEX. 


53 


he  was  commanded  to  appear  at  a  military  Council  at 
Rochester  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieute- 
nant in  England.  Summoned  to  a  parliament  or 
Council  at  the  New  Temple,  London,  October  1299. 
Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298.  [Five  weeks  after  (27  August), 


John  de  S.  John  of  I^angham  (Langholm,  in  Dumfries) 
writes,  that  being  so  grieved  with  sickness  he  could 
not  be  at  Roxburgh  as  appointed  ;  then  building  a 
house  at  Tibres.]  He  was  the  real  leader  of  "  La 
quarte  efchiele  "  under  Prince  Edward  at  the  siege  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Li  preus  Johans  de  Saint  Johan 
Fu  par  tout  o  lui  affemblans  ; 
Ki  fur  touz  fes  guarnemens  blancs 
El  chief  rouge  ot  de  or  deus  molectes. 

[Johans  de  Seint  Johan  fon  hoir 
Lour  ot  baillie  a  compaignon, 
Ki  de  fon  pere  avoit  la  non, 
E  les  armes  au  bleu  label. 


The  brave  John  de  Saint  John 

Was  everywhere  with  him,* 

Who  on  all  his  white  caparisons 

Had  upon  a  red  chief  two  gold  mullets. 

John  de  Saint  John  his  heir 
Had  given  them  as  a  companion  ; 
He  bore  the  name  of  his  father, 
And  also  his  arms  with  a  blue  label.] 

*  Edward,  the  King's  son. 


King's  lieutenant  in  Counties  Cumberland,  West- 
moreland, Lancaster,  Annandale  and  all  the  marches 
unto  the  boundaries  of  the  County  of  Roxburgh, 
dated  at  La  Rose  25  September  1300  ;  to  be  met  by 
horse  and  foot  at  Carlisle,  but  these  people  refused 
to  defend  the  marches  against  the  Scots.  Warden  of 
Galloway,  &c.,  1301. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined 
as  D'N'S.  DE  HANNAK  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas  "of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

On  ii  September  1300  he  had  a  grant  of  1,000 
marks  yearly  for  life  in  England  till  he  obtained 
seisin  of  his  Galloway  lands  which  are  "in  war  "  and 
valueless  to  him.  On  27  the  castles  of  Cockerrhouth 
and  Skipton  in  Craven,  together  with  certain  manors 
and  lands,  were  assigned  to  him  for  life.  On 
30  October  he  was  ordered  to  "provide"  Bothal  Castle 
and  to  make  no  truce.  Received  a  further  appoint- 
ment dated  9  November  as  captain,  warden,  and 
lieutenant  of  Galloway,  the  Castle  and  County  of 


Dumfries,  the  Castle  of  Lochmaben,  of  the  valley  of 
Annan  and  the  marches  towards  Roxburgh,  with 
40  men-at-arms  of  his  retinue ;  the  Castles  of  Dumfries 
and  Lochmaben  to  be  garrisoned  by  20  men-at- 
arms  and  200  foot,  50  being  crossbowmen  and  150 
archers. 

One  of  the  Ambassadors  29  Ed.  I.  1301  sent  to 
Canterbury  to  treat  with  those  of  the  King  of  France 
for  a  peace  with  the  Scots. 

Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Carlisle 
June  1301,  held  a  Scottish  command  in  July  1302, 
died  on  Thursday,  6  September  1302,  at  Lochmaben 
Castle. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at  West- 
minster 7  October  (30  Ed.  I.)  1302,  and  by  inquisi- 
tion it  was  found  that  he  held  the  manor  of  Halnuk, 
with  its  members  (Sussex),  &c. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  345;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  763»  ;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  819;  C.S. I).  ; 
Archieologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  225  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  K.ilkirk,  xliii., 
153;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  til.  Wright,  18,  21  ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  6,401. 


CORD    IX. 


(7)  3obn  oe  Bcaucbamp,  loro  of  Ibaccbc. 
(6)  3obn  oe  ibuoleeton,  Xoro  of  Hne^s. 
(9)  Milliam  ^e  IBraose,  Xoro  of  (Bower. 

(8)  3obn  JBotetourte,  Xor&  of  fIDcnDesbain. 


3)ofcn  DC  Ideaudjamp,  of 

* 

breast,  a  shield  bearing  the 
SIGILL'   IOHANNIS    D€    B€LLO   CAMPO. 

B\ed  in  the  Scottish  wars  and 
^   the    musters    .v  K.ing  had 

Vork,  B.';  ..oed,  and  Newcastle-       Lark 

upon-Tyne    12  :    to    the   par-  kirk,  in  \ 

was  of  the  I  • 

. 

is  de  Bei. 

Au  dou/  • 

tllf    Wl, 

1    '•.•:, 
. 

the  Barov 

• 

. 

• 

. 
• 

,;gust 
' 

^es,  for  the  nuisu-r       mitted  in  t  Deepen* 

.• 
, 

')  at 


fc  "•  • 


JOHN  DE  BEAUCHAMP,   OF  HACCHE. 


57 


3iol)n  De  Jdeauctjamp,  of  $accl)e. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29   DECEMBER    1299  TO   24  AUGUST    1336. 

SEAL,  1301. — On  an  eagle's  breast,  a  shield  bearing  the  "  Vair  "  of  Beauchamp. 

*    SIGILL1   IOHANNIS    D€    BCLLO   CAMPO. 


BARON  JOHN  served  in  the  Scottish  wars  and 
was  summoned  to  attend  the  musters  at 
Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne  1296-1322.  Summoned  to  the  par- 
liament at  Salisbury  24  February  1296-7  and  to 
attend  the  muster  at  London  July  1297  for  service 
equis  et  armis  "  beyond  the  seas,"  and  in  the  follow- 

Johans  de  Beuchamp  propirment 
Portoit  la  baniere  de  vair, 
Au  douz  tens  e  au  fouef  air. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  HACCHE 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

A  Knight  of  the  Bath,  in  attendance  on  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  1306. 

Appointed  December  1307  one  of  the  Conser- 
vators of  the  Peace  for  Somerset;  unable  to  act 
25  April  1310,  being  "afflicted  with  severe  illness." 

Commanded  (13  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310.  Proffered 
the  service  of  three  knight's  fees,  performed  by  six 
"  servientes  "  with  six  barded  horses,  for  the  muster 
at  Tweedmouth  19  September;  and  requested  the 
following  year  to  proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as 
many  followers  as  he  can  raise,  for  the  muster  at 
Berwick  (July  1311). 

William  de  Faucumberge  covenanted  26  May 
1314  to  undertake  the  service  of  three  knight's  fees 
due  from  Beauchamp.  The  battle  of  Bannockburn 
was  fought  24  June.  Requested  30  August  1315 
to  continue  stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during 


ing  September  summoned  to  the  military  Council 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son ;  the  King  had  em- 
barked for  Flanders  22  August. 

Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk,  in  which  Wallace 
was  defeated,  22  July  1298.  One  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


John  de  Beauchamp  properly 

Carried  a  banner  of  vair, 

In  warm  weather  and  pleasant  air. 

the  winter  campaign  ;  in  June  the  Scots  had  invaded 
Durham  and  unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle  22  July 
to  1  August.  Peremptorily  commanded  14  Septem- 
ber to  attend  the  muster  at  Newcastle  6  Octol>er 
1316.  As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones "  he  is 
informed  of  the  revocation  of  summons  to  Parlia- 
ment by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots  (8  June) 
1318. 

Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  20  July  1319  in 
consideration  of  the  service  sent  by  him  to  Edward  II. 
Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  appeasing 
the  disturbances  in  the  (Welsh)  marches,  caused  by 
Despencer,  and  also  to  refrain  from  any  illegal  con- 
federacies or  assemblies.  As  one  of  the  followers 
of  Roger  Dammory  he  obtained  a  pardon  20  August 
1321  (afterwards  revoked)  for  all  felonies,  &c.,  com- 
mitted in  the  "  pursuit  "  of  the  Despencers.  Ordered 
( 1 2  November)  to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting 
of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 

One  of  the  Commission  7  February  1322  em- 
powered to  raise  the  forces  of  the  counties  of  Somerset 
and  Dorset  to  pursue  and  arrest  insurgents.  En- 
joined" (6th)  to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot 
soldiers  as  he  can  and  to  muster  on  the  28th  at 
Coventry,  thence,  with  the  King's  forces,  to  march 


JOHN  DE  BEAUCHAMP,   OF  HACCffE. 


against  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of 
Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March.  Empowered 
(3  November)  to  pursue,  arrest  and  commit  male- 
factors in  the  county  of  Somerset. 

Commanded  27  November  1322  to  assemble  as 
many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over  and  above  his 
usual  train,  in  order  to  resist  a  probable  invasion  of 
the  Scots,  and  to  march  at  their  head  to  York  on 
28  February.  Further  summoned  in  February  and 
March  1323  to  perform  military  service  in  person 
against  the  Scots,  and  also  commanded  to  raise  as 
many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over  and  above  his 
contingent  due  by  tenure.  Also  to  raise  a  detach- 
ment of  archers  from  Somerset,  Dorset  and  Wilts, 
and  (18  April)  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the  use 
of  the  army. 

Summoned   9   May    1324    to   attend   the   Great 


Council  at  Westminster.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
one  of  the  commanders  appointed  to  defend  the  sea- 
shores (one  of  the  keepers  of  the  sea-shores)  in 
the  counties  of  Somerset  and  Dorset.  By  writ 
(4  August)  he  was  commanded  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  to  perform  military  service  in  person  for 
the  defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine,  &c.,  and 
ordered  to  muster  at  Portsmouth  March  1325  for 
service  in  Gascony  ;  prorogued  to  May,  then  to  August, 
and  finally  discharged  from  attending  10  July. 

Governor  of  Bridgewater   Castle  1325  ;  died  in 
J336>  aged  62. 


Authorities.  —Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  458;  II.  div.  3, 
511;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  155;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  9  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  7,243. 


JOHN  DE  HODLESTON. 


59 


31ol)n  tie 

NEVER  SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301.— Pretty 
R    S'  lOH'IS  :  D€  :  HODLESTON' 


HUDLESTON  served  in  the  Welsh  and  Scottish 
wars.  Summoned  to  muster  at  Worcester 
in  July  1277  for  military  service  in  person  in  the 
first  expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales  ; 
and  to  muster  at  Worcester  in  Mqy  and  at  Rhuddlan 
in  August  for  the  second  Welsh  invasion  of  1282. 

Summoned,  equis  et  armt's,  to  attend  a  military 
Council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  July  1287. 

Excepted  from  the  general  summons  to  serve 
in  Gascony  June  1294 ;  summoned  to  muster  at 
London  July  1297  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the 


Johans  de  Odilftane  enfement 
Ky  ben  e  adeffcement 
Va  de  armes  toutes  les  faifons 
Au  Conte  eftoit,  fi  est  raifons 
Ke  norne/.  foil  entyr  fa  gent, 
Rouge  portoit  frettez  de  argent. 


Although  he  was  not  summoned  to  the  parlia- 
ment of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1, 
he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  ANEYS  (or  Haneys)  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons, 
as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Com- 
munitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here 
shown. 

On  20  January  1302-3  he  was  enjoined  by  writ, 
tested  at  Guildford,  to  place  himself  with  horses  and 
arms  and  all  his  forces  under  the  command  of 
John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland. 
Ordered  to  march  300  men  from  Coupland  and  to 
be  at  Roxburgh  to  meet  the  King  12  May.  In  the 
following  month  he  was  commanded  with  Thomas 


seas.  A  commissioner  of  array  in  the  counties  of 
Lancaster,  Cumberland  and  Westmorland,  and  in 
October  one  of  the  Captains  of  the  marches.  Sum- 
moned to  serve,  against  the  Scots ;  to  muster  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1296  and  (as  a  Baron)  at 
Carlisle  and  York  1299.  Fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298.  Twelve  months  after  we  find 
him  at  Carlisle  awaiting  a  foray  (into  Galloway)  on 
the  Scots,  with  6  knights,  23  esquires  and  122  foot 
soldiers.  He  was  also  one  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Likewise  John  de  Hodleston 

Who  appears  well  and  promptly 

In  arms  at  all  seasons. 

He  served  the  Earl,*  which  makes  it  right 

That  he  should  be  named  among  his  followers 

He  bore  gules  fretty  of  silver. 

*  Henry  the  good  Earl  of  Lincoln. 

de  Multon  of  Egremont  to  muster  all  the  horse  and 
foot  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland  against  the 
Scots  who  have  raided  in  great  force  Annandale  and 
Liddesdale  and  elsewhere  on  the  marches  behind 
the  King  and  his  army  which  are  beyond  the  Forth. 
On  9  January  1303-4  as  a  banneret  (1299)  he  was 
ordered  with  2  knights  and  9  esquires  to  join  John 
de  Botetourt,  Justiciar  of  Galloway,  in  a  foray. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  77'"  !  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  674;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  135; 
Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  3 ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue 
of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,739 


6o 


WILLIAM  DE  J1KAOSE. 


OHiUtam  De  Braoge. 

SUMMONED   TO    PARLIAMENT    29   DECEMBER    1299    TO    1 8   SEPTEMBER    1322. 

SEAL,  1301. — Crusily,  a  lyon  rampant.    The  shield  suspended,  between  two  branches,  from  a 
trifurcated  bough. 

S.  WILL'I  •  D€  •  BR€OVS€  •  DN'I  •  HONOR'  •  D€  •  BR€MBR'  (&)  D€  •  GO€R'. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A  lyon  combatting  a  wyvern ;  overhead  a  bird  and  in  base  a  cross  tnoline. 


WILLIAM  DE  BRAOSE,  feudal  lord,  of 
Gower,  in  South  Wales,  and  of  Bramber,  in 
Sussex.  Served  in  the  second  Welsh  invasion  1282, 
and  summoned  to  the  muster  at  Rhuddlan  August 
1282  for  military  service  in  person.  Served  in  the 
wars  with  the  Scots,  protection  for  twenty  of  his  men 
returning  from  Scotland  was  granted  20  July  1296. 
Summoned  to  muster  at  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  and  at  Rox- 
burgh across  the  border,  1298-1322;  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Ordered  by  writ  8  June  1294  to  attend  the 
King  with  about  sixty  other  magnates  upon  urgent 
affairs.  Excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons 
to  serve  in  Gascony.  Summoned  to  Parliament 
at  Salisbury  24  February  1297,  and  in  July  following, 
to  serve  in  parts  beyond  the  seas ;  the  King 
embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  Ordered  8  April 
1298  to  raise  300  foot  soldiers  from  his  lordship  of 
Gower. 

Summoned  to  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  U'x's.  DE  GOWER 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 


part  of  the  "  Communitas"  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  at  Westminster  25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310.  Acknowledged 
and  proffered  the  service  of  two  knight's  fees  and  a 
half  for  his  lands  in  Sussex  and  Wales,  performed  by 
five  "  servientes  "  with  five  barded  horses,  for  the 
muster  at  Tweedmouth,  1 2th  ;  ordered  to  proceed 
(July  1311)  with  as  many  followers  as  he  could  raise, 
(the  battle  of  Bannockburn  was  fought  24  June  1314-) 
Requested,  30  August  1315,  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign ; 
and  requested  in  June  1317  to  raise  100  foot  soldiers 
from  his  lordship  of  Gower. 

One  of  the  "  Majores  Barones,"  informed,  8  June 
1318,  of  the  revocation  of  the  meeting  of  Parliament, 
by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots,  obtained  his 
writ  of  scutage  26  January  1320  in  consideration  of 
service  sent  14  Ed.  II. 

In  14  Ed.  II.,  being,  according  to  Thomas  of 
Walsingham,  "  a  person  who  had  a  large  patrimony, 
but  a  great  unthrift,"  he  sold  under  the  King's 


WTLLIAM   DE    RRAOSE. 


61 


licence,  to  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  his  domain  of  (lower 
land.  Its  contiguity  to  the  lands  of  the  favourite  Hugh 
le  Despencer  the  younger,  led  that  minion  forcibly 
to  possess  himself  of  Gower  land  (see  page  xlvi), 
and  to  this  circumstance  is  traced  the  foundation  of  the 
confederacy  which  eventually  crushed  him  and  ended 
so  disastrously  for  the  Duke  of  I^ancaster  (see  page  5). 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  ap- 
peasing the  disturbances  caused  by  Despencer,  and 
also  to  refrain  from  attending  any  illegal  confederacies 
or  assemblies.  Ordered  12  November  1321  to 
abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good 
Peers  "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  I^ancaster 
to  be  held  at  1  )oncaster. 

Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  foot 
soldiers  and  men-at-arms  as  he  can,  and  to  appear  at 
the  muster  at  Coventry  to  march  (28  February) 


against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
I-ancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought 
i ;  March.  Ordered  27  November  following  to 
assemble  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over  and 
above  his  usual  train,  in  case  of  a  Scots  invasion,  and 
to  march,  2  February  1323,  at  their  head  to  York. 
Also  to  raise  as  many  men  at-arms  as  he  can  above 
his  contingent  due  by  tenure,  and  18  April  to  provide 
pack-saddles  for  the  army,  should  wagon  trains  be 
dispensed  with. 

William  de  Braose  "  miles "  became  bond  i  April 
1324  for  the  payment  of  ,£10,000  to  Hugo  le 
Despencer;  died  1326. 

Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  346  ;  F'ar- 
liameiHary  Writs,  I.,  495  ;  II.  dlv.  3,  589  ;  Arcrucologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  207  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  137 ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  7,794. 


Hi 


62 


JOHN  BOTETOURT. 


3)ol)n  Botetourt. 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT    19  JUNE    1305    TO    13    SEPTEMBER     1324. 
SEAL,  1301.— A  cinquefoyle  pierced,  each  leaf  charged  with  the  engrailed  saltire  of  Botetourt. 

K    S'  •  JOHANNIS  •  BOVTTOVRT. 


CONSTABLE  of  the  Castle  of  St.  Briavel,  in 
\^>  Gloucestershire  ;  Warden  of  the  Forest  of 
Dean  1291.  Excepted  12  June  1294  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony.  In  1294  he  commanded  the  fleet  at 
Yarmouth  and  the  neighbouring  ports,  which  burnt 
Cherbourg  in  the  following  year.  Summoned  July 
1297  to  serve  in  person  in  parts  beyond  the  seas. 


Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned  to 
attend  the  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1298-1319. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298, 
where  his  white  pied  charger  was  killed  under  him 
(value  60  marks).  Served  at  the  siege  of  Caer- 
laverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300. 


Cil  ke  a  tout  bien  faire  a  cuer  lie 
Au  fautour  noir  engreellie, 
Jaune  baniere  ot  e  penon, 
Johans  Boutetourte  ot  a  noun. 


He  who  has  a  heart  joyful  to  do  all  that  is  good, 
Bore  a  yellow  banner  and  pennon, 
With  a  black  saltire  engrailed, 
Was  called  John  Botetourte. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he 
joined  as  DVs.  DE  MENDESHAM  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons, 
as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Com- 
munitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here 
shown. 

When  Admiral  of  the  King's  fleet  (temp.  Ed.  I.) 
he  burned  at  Berwick  a  ship  belonging  to  the 
citizens  of  Stralleshunt,  in  Eastland,  for  which  they 
claimed  redress.  In  1303  King's  lieutenant  in  Cum- 
berland, Westmorland,  Lancaster,  Annandale,  &c. 
Arbiter  between  the  Mayor  and  burgesses  of  Bristol 
and  lord  Thomas  of  Berkeley  and  Maurice  his  son. 

On  9  January  1304  he  is  about  to  make  a  foray 
into  Scotland  with  3  bannerets,  120  knights,  esquires 
and  men-at-arms,  19  hobelers  and  2,736  foot  soldiers 
with  captains  and  corporals  from  Cumberland,  West- 
morland and  I^ancaster.  The  other  bannerets  in 
the  foray  were  Sir  Robert  de  Clifford  (p.  93),  Sir  John 
de  St.  John  (p.  52),  and  Sir  John  de  Hodelston  (p.  59). 
Summoned  probably  as  a  member  of  the  Council  to 


the  parliament  at  Westminster  15  August  1305;  re- 
summoned  "ex  habundanti"  15  September.  One  of 
the  "Barons"  present  in  the  Council  at  Lanercost 
23  October  1306  when  homage  was  performed  by 
Jacobus  Senescallus  Scotice.  Commanded  18  October 
1307  to  repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his  forces  for  the 
defence  of  the  country  as  well  of  his  own  possessions. 

Proffers  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  for  the 
third  part  of  the  barony  of  Belford  performed  by 
himself  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  19  September 
1310.  Requested  in  the  following  May  to  proceed 
against  the  Scots  with  as  many  followers  as  he  can 
raise. 

Governor  of  Framlingham  Castle,  Suffolk, 
5  Ed.  II.,  1311-12.  Had  letters  of  safe  conduct  for 
himself  and  his  followers  September  1312  to  October 
1313  ;  pardoned  16  October,  as  an  adherent  of  the 
Earl  of  Lancaster  for  his  participation  in  the  death  of 
Gaveston,  &c. 

Admiral  of  the  Fleet  1315.  Archers  from  Essex 
and  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  together  with  levies  from 
the  forest  of  Dean,  ordered  to  muster  before  him  at 


JOHN  BOTETOURT. 


Harwich  in  April  of  that  year.  Commanded  the  fleet 
employed  in  the  expedition  against  Scotland. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
of  the  revocation  of  the  meeting  of  parliament  June 
1318  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots. 

One  of  the  justices,  6  August  1318,  empowered  to 
try  certain  riotous  townsmen  of  Norwich.  Assented 
by  indenture  dated  at  Leek  9  August  1318,  on 
behalf  of  the  King,  to  the  treaty  with  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster  imposing  restrictions  upon  the  royal 
authority. 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in 
appeasing  the  disturbances  on  the  marches  caused 
by  Despencer,  and  also  to  refrain  from  any  illegal 
confederacies  or  assemblies.  Obtained  a  pardon 
(20  August)  as  one  of  the  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
Hereford  (see  page  1 1)  for  all  felonies,  &c.,  committed 
in  the  "pursuit"  of  the  Despencers.  On  12  Novem- 
ber of  the  same  year  he  was  ordered  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good  Peers"  illegally 


convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at 
1  )oncaster. 

Ordered  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can,  and  \  \\.\\  to 
muster  at  Coventry,  and  thence  to  march  against  the 
rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster. 

In  the  commission  dated  at  Tutbury  12  March  of 
the  same  year  he  is  described  as  the  King's  enemy, 
and  John  de  Haustede  is  empowered  to  pursue  and 
arrest  him.  Was  in  arms  against  the  King  in  the 
battle  of  Boroughbridge,  and  afterwards  "  flies  to 
parts  beyond  the  seas." 


Authorities.— Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  354-356  ; 
Nicolas'  Synopsis,  767(1;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  458; 
II.  div.  3,  511;  C.S.D.  ;  Arcrueologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  215; 
Scotland  in  1298,  Kalkirk,  147  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  fd. 
Wright,  13;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
7-67  • 


CORD    X. 

(11)  IReotnalo  oe  <Brci?t  Xoro  of  Kutb^n. 
(10)  3obn  oe  flftoels,  TLoro  of  Wortb  C 


3)  3obn  Jfit3  IRcflinal^  loi*&  of 
(12)  HImaric  &e  St.  Hmai^,  loi^  of 


REGINALD  DE  GREY  OF  RUTHYN. 


UleginalD  DC  d&rep  of 

SUMMONED  TO   1'ARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295   TO   26  AUGUST    1307. 

SEAL,  1301. — Barry  (6)  with  a  label  (5).     The  shield  enclosed  by  three  decorative  sprigs. 

»fc    StIGIULVM  :  Rt€lGINA[LDI]  :  D€  :  GR€Y. 


SIR  REGINALD  DE  GREY,  of  Ruthyn  (son 
and  heir  of  Sir  John,  who  was  second  son  of 
Henry,  of  Greys  Thurrock,  Essex),  was  one  of  the 
"magnates"  in  the  Council  at  Westminster  12  No- 
vember 1276,  on  judgment  being  given  against 
Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales.  Summoned  to  the  muster  at 
Worcester  i  July  1277  forservicein  person  in  the  first 
expedition  against  Lewelin  ;  acknowledged  the  service 
of  two  knight's  fees  in  "  Purle  "  and  "  Wilton  super- 
Weye,"  performed  by  himself  and  one  knight. 

"Gustos"  of  Chester  and  Flint  27  April  1279 
with  full  powers  of  command  in  the  border  country. 
Justice  of  Chester  1280-1  (9  Edward  I.),  and  in  the 
next  year  had  a  grant  of  the  Castle  of  Ruthyn,  &c., 
on  the  Welsh  marches.  Summoned  to  muster  at 
Rhuddlan  August  1282  for  service  in  the  second 
Welsh  invasion  against  Lewelin  ;  was  serving  under 
the  King  in  1283,  and  ordered  to  attend  the 
muster  in  May  at  Montgomery.  Summoned  to  the 
parliament  at  Shrewsbury  in  September  1283  for  the 
trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  of  28  June 
recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of 
Lewelin. 

As  fustic1  Cestr1  he  was  enjoined  14  November 
1287  to  remain  on  his  demesnes  and  lordships  until 
the  rebellion  of  Resus  filius  Mereduci  (Rhys  ab 
Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth)  should  be  put  down. 
Summoned  22  August  1288  to  propound  his  grie- 
vances (if  any)  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  and 
the  Council,  and  to  abstain  from  violations  of  the  peace. 


By  commission  dated  at  "  Donamenye  "  30  August 
1294  he  was  despatched  into  the  counties  of  Car- 
narvon, Anglesea  and  Merioneth,  Flint,  &c.,  with 
instructions  to  raise  troops  for  the  King's  service  in 
Gascony  ;  to  muster  at  Portsmouth  on  the  ist  of 
September.  Ordered  18  October  to  relieve  the 
Castle  of  Bere  threatened  by  Madog  ab  Morgan, 
then  in  revolt. 

Assistant  to  Prince  Edward,  governor  of  Eng- 
land (1296-7),  during  the  King's  absence  in  Aqui- 
taine. 

Summoned  equis  et  armis  to  serve  in  person  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas  July  1297  and  in  the  wars  with 
the  Scots ;  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York, 
Carlisle  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1307  ;  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Falkirk,  when  Wallace  was  defeated, 
22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  RUTHYN  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12 
February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on 
the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England.  Died 
in  1308.  Ancestor  of  the  Barons  Grey  of  Wilton 
and  also  of  Ruthyn. 


Authorities.— Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  347  ;  Parlia- 
mentary  Writs,  I.,  646  ;  Archaeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  208  ;  Scotland 
in  1298,  Falkirk,  145;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  10,270. 

N 


68 


JOHN  DE  MOELS. 


tie 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6  FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  Two  bars  and  in  chief  three  roundles;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  tri  furcated 
bough,  and  decorated  on  either  side  with  a  wingless  wyvern. 

S'  :  IOHIS  :  D€  :  MODS. 


JOHN  DE  MOELS,  of  North  Cadbury,  Somerset 
(son  and  heir  of  Roger),  served   in   the  wars 
with  the  Scots;  was  summoned  to  musters  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York,  and  Carlisle  1296-1309. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298.     Sent 
his  service  of  two  knight's  fees  28  Edward  I.  1300. 

Summoned  to  parliament  at  Salisbury  24  February 
1297  ;  and  to  muster  at  London  July  1297  for  service 
in  person  equiset  armisin  parts  beyond  the  seas.  The 
King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  Summoned 
to  a  military  Council  to  be  held  at  Rochester 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in 
England,  8  September  1297;  and  to  the  muster  at 


Sandwich,  November  and  December  1297  and  also 
in  January  1298  for  service  in  Flanders. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined 
as  D'N'S.  DE  CAUDEBURY  in  the  letter  addressed  to 
the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on 
their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  768«  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  739;  II.  div.  3,  1175;  Archaeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I, 
219;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  145;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue 
of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,807. 


JOHN  F1TZ  REGINALD. 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   26  AUGUST    1307. 

SEAL,   1301. — The  Baron,  in  armour,  on   a  barded   horse,  brandishing  his  sword.     Hauberk, 
surcoat,  helm  with  grating.     On  his  shield  and  on  the  caparisons  of  his  charger,  three  lyons. 

*    S    lOH'IS   FILM    R€GINALDI. 


JOHN  FITZ  REGINALD,  of  Blenlevny,  in  Wales, 
fil.  Reginald  fil.  Peter  Fitzherbert  (by  Isabel, 
heiress  of  Blenlevny,  daughter  and  co-heir  of 
William  de  Braose,  of  Brecknock),  fil.  Herbert  Fitz- 
Herbert,  chamberlain  to  King  Stephen. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
Council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  July  1287;  on  the  23rd  ordered  to 
place  himself  together  with  his  horse  and  foot 
soldiers  under  the  command  of  Gilbert  de  Clare, 
Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Hertford.  Later  in  the  year 
he  was  enjoined  to  reside  on  his  lordships  and 
demesnes  until  the  rebellion  of  Resusyf///«  Mereduci 
(Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth)  should  be  put 
down,  and  again  twelve  months  later,  in  order  to 
defend  his  lands  against  Resus. 

Commanded  with  about  60  other  "  magnates " 
to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs  8  June  1294, 
and  on  the  i4th  was  excepted  from  the  general 
summons  for  service  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury 
24  February  1297  and  in  July  to  serve  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas  equis  et  armis  ;  in  the  same  month 
he  was  ordered  to  raise  fifty  men  from  his  lordship  of 


Talgarth.  Three  months  later  he  was  commanded 
to  appear  with  horses  and  arms  at  a  military  Council 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in 
England.  The  King  had  embarked  for  Flanders 

22  AugUSt. 

Summoned  to  perform  military  service  against 
the  Scots  and  to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  York,  Carlisle,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1 297- 
1306. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  BLENLEVNY 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

He  was  summoned  to  the  muster  at  Carlisle 
July  1306  by  special  writ  which  states,  that  on  former 
occasions  he  had  entirely  disobeyed  the  King's 
commands.  Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the 
King's  Coronation  at  Westminster  25  February  1308  ; 
he  is  supposed  to  have  been  dead  before  this  time. 


Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,   I.,  608;    II.    div.    3, 
871  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  5,999. 


ALMARIC  DE  ST.  AMAND. 


2Umartc 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   2g   DECEMBER    \2gg   TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 
SEAL,  1301. — Pretty,  on  a  chief  three  roundles  ;  the  shield  between  three  wingless  wyverns. 
K    S'  ALMAVRICI  :  D€  :  SCO  :  AM€NDO. 


A  LMARIC  DE  ST.  AMAND  (son  of  Almaric 
_/\.  of  Wodehay,  Beds)  was  excepted  from  the 
general  summons  of  14  June  1294  to  serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 

Summoned  to  perform  military   service   (of  two 

E  le  Amauri  de  Saint  Amant, 
Ki  va  proveste  reclamant, 
De  or  e  de  noir  frette  au  chief 
O  trois  gafteaus  de  or  derechief. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  DVs.  DE 
WIDEHAYE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

In  (33  Ed.  I.)  1305  he  was  commanded  to 
render  his  accounts  as  Governor  of  Bordeaux  ;  it  is 
doubtful  whether  he  complied,  as  we  find  him  shortly 
afterwards  a  prisoner  in  the  Tower.  However  this 
may  be,  he  was  in  favour  at  Court  on  the  accession  of 
Edward  II.,  for  he  was  commanded  (18  January)  to 
attend  the  King's  Coronation  and  to  meet  Queen 
Isabel  at  Dover  4  or  5  February  to  form  part  of  her 


knight's  fees)  in  person  against  the  Scots,  and  to 
attend  the  musters  at  Carlisle  June  1300,  and  at 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  June  1301  ;  one  of  the  besiegers 
of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


And  that  of  Aumary  de  Saint  Amand, 
Who  advances,  displaying  his  prowess, 
Was  of  gold  and  black  fretty  on  a  chief, 
Three  roundlets,  also  of  gold. 

suite.  He  and  his  consort  were  also  summoned 
(8  February)  as  from  the  County  of  Bedford  to 
attend  the  Coronation  in  the  train  of  the  King  and 
Queen. 

Further  summoned  to  the  musters  at  Carlisle 
22  August  1308,  and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  29  Sep- 
tember 1309,  for  service  against  the  Scots.  Earnestly 
requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Ber- 
wick-upon-Tweed 8  September  1310,  in  which  year 
he  is  said  to  have  died  without  issue. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  349  ;  Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  816;  II.  div.  3,  1366;  Roll  of  Caerla- 
verock, ed.  Wright,  13  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  13,214. 


CORD    XI. 

(15)  iRobert  Jfit3  pavuc,  Xoro  of  Hammer. 
(14)  Gbomaa,  Uoro  of  teerfcelep. 
(17)  peter  dor  bet,  Xoro  ot  Cau0. 
o)  Ibenr^  &e  Cvcs,  lore  of  Cbtlton. 


Robert  jFtt? 


L,  1301. — Thr  .vithhi  an 

i  jp 

*    8'  ROBCRTI   FIL'  PAOANI. 


'"T^HIS  Dorsetshi' 

_L_      lords   sumni  -  >n  in  the 

iish  invasion. 
-'82  he    arkno 

knight's  fee  and  one  hall  .  '  part  of  half  a 

knight's    fee,   viz.  one  I  n    inher 

and  one-half  and  one-tbi 
iity  of  the  inheritan 
performed     by    himself    and     r 

ed  to  the  muster  a. 

21  November  1294,  ha\  >eforr 

summoned    to  th  !i   for 


;mmoned  to  the  rxv 
Salisbury  24  February  i  297. 
On 

!,  the  fire 

his  ainguished,  whereby  his  be. 

:iHruders  digged  for  Ire:' 

I  offhisarmourto  the  \alueof  1005. 

i  at- 

'ck-upon-Tweed  1296   1514.  .it  the 

battle  of  F.ilkirk  12  July  r  i  f  the 

besi.  i  i   |uly  1300. 


Robert  le  fi/  Paien 
Ot  fa  baper  flan 
Rou 
Trois  de  i 


Robert  FitzPayne,  following, 
Had  his  b.uim.' 
Red,  with  three  white  lyons  \<, 
Surcharged  with  a  blue  batrn. 


Summoned  to  the  t.  Hilary 

January    1300-1 

he  joined  in    '• 

to  the  I'ope  (12  February)  by  th.  .is  well  on 

their  part  as  on   the  part  of  the 
England,  and  attached  i 

irshal  of  the  K  de 

13,  indent' 
1  with  the  -iln  4,  10  and 

with  Sir  John  • 

iernor   of  (,'orfe    <  104,    and    in 

.;ht  of  the    Hath  wi 
rd.     I'lOveinor  also  of  V, 

to  attend  th< 
1308.        ''Si.1- 
the   hou 


rd    II.) 
attend  tin 


Earnestly    requested    (2    August)    t<i 
upon  T.veed  S  Sr 

one 
his  son   and  tw  -ites" 

:  128  M.T 


•  il    1311  f    ihe 

peac.  His 

II. 


,'s  Catalogue 


.  606 


in 


ROBERT  F1TZ  I'AYNE. 


SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT  AS  "  ROBO   FIL   PAGANI  "  6   FEBRUARY  1299  TO   23   OCTOBER    1314. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  lyons  passant  guardant  debruised  by  a  bendlet ;  enclosed  within  an  oval 
border  thereon, 

Ijl    S'  ROB€RTI   FIL'  PAGANI. 


THIS  Dorsetshire  magnate  was  among  the  feudal 
lords  summoned  to  serve  in  person  in  the 
second  Welsh  invasion.  For  the  muster  at  Rhuddlan 
August  1282  he  acknowledged  the  service  of  one 
knight's  fee  and  one  half  and  one  third  part  of  half  a 
knight's  fee,  viz.  one  fee  for  his  own  inheritance 
and  one-half  and  one-third  part  of  half  a  fee  for  his 
purparty  of  the  inheritance  of  "  Alvvred  de  Lincoln," 
performed  by  himself  and  three  "  servientes/' 
Ordered  to  the  muster  against  the  Welsh  at  Worcester 
21  November  1294,  having  only  two  months  before 
been  summoned  to  the  muster  at  Portsmouth  for 


service  in  Gascony.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Salisbury  24  February  1 297. 

On  Thursday  before  St.  Barnabas  Day  last  1 296  his 
house  in  Berwick  was  violently  entered,  the  fire  under 
his  "  torale  "  was  extinguished,  whereby  his  beer  was 
destroyed,  the  intruders  digged  for  treasure.entered  his 
chamber,  and  carried  off  his  armourto  the  value  of  100.1. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  summoned  to  at- 
tend musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York,  Carlisle, 
and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1314.  Fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Robert  le  fiz  Paien  fievable 
Ot  fa  baner  flanc  a  flanc, 
Rouge  a  passans  lyons  de  blanc, 
Trois  de  un  baftoun  bleu  furgettez. 


Robert  FitzPayne,  following, 
Had  his  banner,  side  by  side, 
Red,  with  three  white  lyons  passant, 
Surcharged  with  a  blue  batcn. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  Rob's  fil'  Pagani, 
D'x's.  DE  LAMMER,  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on 
their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Marshal  of  the  King's  host,  under  Sir  Aymer  de 
Valence,  August  1303,  indenture  to  serve  till  Easter. 
Dined  with  the  Prince  of  Wales  at  Perth  4,  10  and 
it  February  1303-4,  having  gone  about  the  peace 
with  Sir  John  Comyn. 

Governor  of  Corfe  Castle  1304,  and  in  the 
following  year  made  Knight  of  the  Bath  with  Prince 
Edward.  Governor  also  of  Winchester  Castle. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308.  "Senescallus 
hospicii  R."  1308  (Steward  of  the  household  to 


Edward  II.)  Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon  Tweed  8  Septem- 
ber 1310  ;  his  service  as  above,  performed  by  one 
knight,  viz.  Robert  his  son  and  two  "servientes" 
with  barded .  horses.  Requested  (28  May  1311)  to 
proceed  to  Scotland  with  as  many  followers  as  he  can 
raise. 

The  King's  nuncio  or  ambassador  to  the  General 
Council  1311.  One  of  the  conservators  of  the 
peace  for  Dorset  1314;  dead  before  1316.  His 
executors  obtained  writs  of  scutage  12  October  1319 
for  service  sent  by  him  4  Ed.  II. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  606  ;  II.  div.  3, 
867  ;  C.S.D.  j  Archaeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  223  ;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  145;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright  6; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  9,751. 


74 


THOMAS,   LORD  DE  BERKELEY. 


,  lorD  De  Berftelep* 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   24  JUNE    I2Q5    TO    15    MAY    1321. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  Crusily  and  a  chevron  ;  the  shield,  suspended  by  the  guige  on  a  hook,  between 
two  wingless  wyverns. 

f&    SIGILLVM    THOM€    D€    B€RK€L€. 


SIXTH  and  last  feudal  Lord  of  Berkeley  and  one 
of  the  most  valorous  men  of  his  time.  As  a 
youth  he  was  at  the  battle  of  Evesham  1265,  and  is 
said  to  have  seen  service  nearly  every  year  in  the 
following  half-century  either  against  the  Welsh,  the 
Scots,  or  the  French. 

He  performed  military  service  in  1277  due  from 
Maurice  de  Berkeley,  under  Edmund,  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  in  West  Wales,  in  the  first  expedition  made 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  again  in  the 
second  invasion  under  the  King,  August  1282  (the 
muster  at  Rhuddlan),  and  at  Montgomery  May  1283. 

Summoned  to  appear  in  the  parliament  at  Shrews- 
bury 30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of  David, 
brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  July)  recites  the 
misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of  Llewelin. 

Further  summoned  1287  to  appear  eguis  et  armis 
at  a  military  Council  at  Gloucester  under  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall.  Employed  on  an  embassy  to  France 
1296,  and  in  the  following  year  he  was  summoned 
to  perform  military  service  in  person  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas.  Vice-Constable  of  England  1297. 

By  indenture  2  July  1297  between  Sir  Thomas 
and  Eymar  (lord  of  Montiniaco),  son  of  Sir  William 
de  Valence,  he  covenanted  to  remain  of  said  Eymar's 
"  mennage  "  with  his  banner  and  five  knights  and 
esquires  to  serve  him,  four  esquires  to  serve  his  four 
similar  knights,  &c.,  twenty-four  barded  horses  in  all  ; 
conditions  for  his  son  Maurice  (Exchequer  T.R.). 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York, 
Carlisle,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1319.  Fought 
at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  not 
improbably  at  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  two 
years  after  with  his  three  sons,  Sir  Maurice,  Sir 
Thomas  and  John,  the  last-named  a  "valet,"  in  the 
retinue  of  Aymer  de  Valence  (see  page  22). 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he 
joined  as  DVs.  DE  BERKELE  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on 
their  behalf  as  on  the  behalf  of  the  "  Communitas  " 
of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Summoned  to  the  muster  at  Carlisle  June  1301, 
under  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales,  or  to  send  his  sons 
in  his  stead  cum  decenti  comitiva.  Commanded 

appear  at   the   Exchequer   at    York   July    1305, 


prepared  and  ready  to 
proceed  as  the  King's 
ambassador  to  the  Court 
of  Rome  (Pope  Clement 
V.),  and  so  also  at  West- 
minster in  the  following 
September. 

He  and  his  son 
Maurice  were  pardoned 
for  their  trespasses  and 
felonies,  and  in  con- 
sideration thereof  he  bound  himself  (n  July  1306) 
to  find  at  his  own  charges  ten  men-at-arms  with 
barded  horses  under  Thomas  his  son  or  another 
fitting  captain,  against  Robert  de  Brus  and  his 
accomplices. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  at  Westminster  25  February  1307-8. 

He  and  his  son  Maurice  severally  acknowledge 
the  service  of  three  knight's  fees  for  all  their  lands, 
performed  by  six  "  servientes,"  with  six  barded  horses, 
for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  10  September  1310. 
Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Berwick  8  September  1310.  Taken  prisoner  at 
Bannockburn  24  June  1314. 

By  writ  24  June  1314  he  (then  a  prisoner)  was 
commanded  to  appear  before  the  Council  in  the 
Exchequer,  ready  to  proceed  on  the  King's  service  to 
parts  beyond  the  seas.  Requested  30  August  1315  to 
continue  stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during  the 
winter  campaign. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
June  1318  that  the  summons  for  the  meeting  of 
parliament  is  revoked  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of 
the  Scots.  Summoned  to  attend  an  extraordi- 
nary Council  of  the  "  magnates,"  to  be  held  at 
Gloucester  5  April  1321.  He  appears  to  have  sided 
with  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  in  his  opposition  to  the 
Despencers;  for  eight  days  after  the  last  summons 
(i3th)  he  is  enjoined  to  preserve  the  peace  in  his 
lordships  and  to  prevent  all  illegal  assemblies,  in 
consequence  of  the  disturbances  in  the  marches. 
He  died  at  Berkeley  23  July  of  the  same  year. 


Authorities.  -Parliamentary  Writs,    I.,  465  ;   II.    div.    3, 
531  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  153. 


PETER  CORBET  OF  CAUS. 


75 


0eter  Corbet  of  Cau0* 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT    13   SEPTEMBER    1302   TO    14  MARCH    1 32 1-2. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  caws  for  CORBET  and  CAUS  ;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  tree  and  between 
the  customary  wingless  wyverns. 

SIGILLVM    P€TRI    CORB6T. 


PETER,  2nd  Lord  Corbet,  on  the  death  of  his 
X  father  in  1300,  was  summoned  to  the 
parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January 
1300-1  ;  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  CAUZ  he  joined  in 
the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by 
the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
here  shown. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed, 
and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1301-1322.  Earnestly 
requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick 
8  September  1310.  Requested  15  July  1311  to  pro- 
ceed with  as  many  followers  as  he  can  raise  against 
the  Scots,  who  under  Bruce  were  ravaging  the  north. 
Two  months  after  the  battle  of  Bannockburn 
(24  June)  he  was  ordered  (30  August)  to  continue 
stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter 
campaign. 

By  writ  21  April  1321  he  was  requested  to  co- 


operate in  appeasing  disturbances  and  to  refrain  from 
attending  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  disturbance  in  the  marches,  caused 
by  the  "pursuit"  of  the  Despencers.  Ordered 
(12  November)  to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting 
of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster,  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 

Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can,  and  (i4th)  to 
muster  at  Coventry  to  oppose  the  rebels  or  adherents 
of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Borough- 
bridge  was  fought  17  March.  Commanded  to  raise 
300  foot  soldiers  from  his  lordship  of  Caus,  and  to 
muster  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  June  1322.  In  this 
year  his  lordship  stated  to  be  in  the  King's  hands 
— Petrus  de  Corbet  defunctus. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  549  ;  II.  div.  3,  715  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  8,941. 


76 


HENRY  DE   TYES. 


fcenrp  De 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   26   AUGUST    1307. 
SEAL,  1301. — A  chevron.     The  shield  ensigned  with  his  badge,  a  Saracen's  head  contourne. 

S'  :  H6NRICI  :  D€  :  T€IH€IS. 


HENRY  DE  TYES,  of  Chilton,  in  the  honor 
of  Wallingford,  and  of  bherborne,  in  the 
honor  of  St.  Walerie.  Summoned  8  June  1294 
with  about  60  other  "  magnates "  to  attend  the 
King  upon  urgent  affairs,  and  six  days  after  (loth) 
excepted  from  the  general  summons  to  serve  with 
the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Summoned  in 
July  1297  to  serve  in  person  in  parts  beyond  the 
seas,  and  (particularly)  in  Flanders,  and  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Sandwich  in  November  of  the  same 


year.  Edward  I.  had  embarked  22  August.  In 
the  following  month  DE  TYES  was  commanded  to 
attend  a  military  Council  before  Edward,  the  King's 
son. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  equis  et 
armis,  and  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at 
Carlisle,  York,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1299-1306. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and 
served  at  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July 
1300. 


Baniere  ot  Henris  li  Tyois 
Plus  blanche  de  un  poll  lyois, 
O  un  chievron  vermeil  en  mi. 


Henry  le  Tyes  had  a  banner 

Whiter  than  a  smooth  lily 

With  a  red  chevron  in  the  middle. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  CHILTON  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal 
as  here  shown.  He  died  in  1307;  the  writ  of  diem 
clausit  extremum  tested  at  Nottingham  8  October 
T  Ed.  II.,  his  son  and  heir  Henry  then  aged  22. 


This  son  was  one  of  the  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster  and  the  Earl  of  Hereford,  and  after  the 
battle  of  Boroughbridge  he  was  attainted  and 
executed  16  March  1321-2. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  351  ;  Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  864;  II.  div.  3,  1509;  Archseologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  218,  219;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  135;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  18. 


CORD   XII. 


(19)  IRobcit  oc  ftatesbalc,  Xoro  ot  Bucfecnbam. 
(18)  3obn  ILovel,  lorfc  of  2>ocfcmo. 

(21)  ibiiQb  ^e  l^ere,  Uor&  of  Swanscombe. 

(20)  TRobcrt  &c  la  WHarfcc,  %or&  of  HUlbiteball. 


ftoberf  De  Catenate. 


1 298-9  TO  !  .MHER    I  3O2. 


SEAL,  1301.— C'r>  e  with  a  label  of  three  poini  Id  suspended 

a  trifurcated  bough- 


s'   ROB6RTI  :  0€  :  TATE8HAL6, 

ROKERT,    2nd    1 
father  in    1298 

Gascony   in  1297,  and  to  have  '-csiegewf 

with    the  Scots.     Summoned  to    .1 


Cele  de  TatcfhaU-  a  oun 

valour  o 
De  or  e  de  rou 
Au  cl.  ment. 


1298. 
.  July 


Summoned  to  the  parlinr  inand  of 

1 3-20  January  130  *i       tenant  in  Scotland. 

he  joined    in    the    letter    addressed   to  ' 

bruary)  by  thi    :.  as  well  o:  t  as  lands   ati 

on  the  part  of  the  "  Commiu  King's  hands  28  Ji 


his 


attached  his  cadenc> 
:  and  he  himself  a  1 
In  130.- 
;y  of  Norfolk  . 
ance  of  grain.     Enjoined   _-e  January  1303  tu 

all  his  fo! 


death. 


:    l 


m»ke*    mention  of  *«ver»l 


ROBERT  DE   TATESHALE. 


79 


iaobert  De  Cate0l)ale. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6  FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO    13   SEPTEMBER    1302. 

SEAL,   1301.  —  Chequy,  a  chief  ermine  with  a  label  of  three  points.     The  shield  suspended  from 
a  trifurcated  bough — at  the  sides  floral  decoration. 

S'    ROB€RTI  :  D€  :  TATESHAL€. 


ROBERT,    and    Baron,   on   the  death    of    his 
father  in   1298.      Said  to   have    served    in 
Gascony   in  1297,  and  to  have  served   in   the  wars 
with   the  Scots.     Summoned  to    attend    musters  at 


York,  Carlisle,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1298-1303. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 
One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July 
1300. 


Cele  de  Tatefhale  a  oun 
For  fa  valour  o  eus  tiree, 
De  or  e  de  rouge  efchequere 
Au  chef  de  ermine  outr^ement. 


That  of  Tateshal  for  his  valour 
They  have  taken  with  them, 
It  was  of  gold  and  red  chequered, 
With  a  chief  ermine. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  BUKENHAM 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  cadency  !  seal  here  shown,  his  father  being 
dead  and  he  himself  a  lord  of  parliament. 

In  1302  he  was  empowered  to  induce  the  English 
clergy  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  to  agree  to  a  purvey- 
ance of  grain.  Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place 
himself  with  horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces  under 


the  command  of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieu- 
tenant in  Scotland.  Sent  his  service  of  four  knight's 
fees  to  the  muster  at  Berwick  26  May  1303. 

His  lands  and  tenements  were  seised  into  the 
King's  hands  28  July  1303  in  consequence  of  his 
death. 


— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  858;  II.  div.  3, 
1490  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  133  ;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  eJ.  Wright,  8  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  13,873,  which  makes  mention  of  several 
earlier  seals  of  this  family. 


So 


JOHN  LOVELL. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO   26  JULY    1311. 

SEAL,  1301. — Undee  ;*  a  label  (3),  on  each  file,  usually  as  many  mullets. 

Igl    SIGILU  :  IOHANNIS  :  LOV€L. 


SIR  JOHN  LOVELL,  of  Tichmarsh,  Northants, 
Minster  Level,  Oxon,  and  Docking,  Norfolk, 
acknowledged  and  performed  the  military  service  due 
from  his  father  (then  infirm)  in  the  first  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  muster  at 
Worcester  July  1277.  Served  in  the  second  Welsh 
invasion,  mustered  at  Rhuddlan  August  1282. 

Excepted  (14  June  1294)  from  the  general  sum- 
mons to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony.  Summoned  to  parliament  at  Salisbury 
24  February  1296-7,  to  serve  in  person  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas  July  1297,  and  in  the  following 
September,  to  a  military  Council  before  Edward, 
Prince  of  Wales,  &c. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  Marshal  of  the  army 
in  Scotland  10  July  1296,  and  summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1310.  Fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
DAKKVNG  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 


part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

In  June  1303  he  was  fined  two  thousand  marks 
for  trespasses  committed  in  the  King's  forests,  of 
which  half  was  remitted  in  consideration  of  his 
performing  military  service  in  Scotland  with  twelve 
men-at-arms  fully  armed. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's  Coro- 
nation in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February  1307-8. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  to  attend  the 
musters  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310; 
he  proffered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  for  all  his 
lands,  performed  by  two  "  servientes,"  with  two  barded 
horses,  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  21  September. 

1311.  Nuper  Marescallus  Ed.  I.,  his  executors  to 
produce  certain  rolls  in  Chancery. 

*  The  coat  of  Lovell  is  said  to  have  been  founded  on  the 
arms  of  his  grandmother,  a  daughter  of  Alan  Bassett,  of 
Wycombe,  to  whom  his  grandfather  John  was  in  ward. 


Authorities. — Nicolas'  Synopsis,  768« ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  715;  II.  div.  3,  1120;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  133 ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  11,399. 


HUGH  DE    VERE. 


Si 


/ 


; «.  # 
(*•*/ 


De  Were. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   3   MARCH    1317-18. 

SEAL,   1301. — Per  cross,  a  mullet,  and  for  cadency  an  engrailed  bordure.     The  badge,  a  wild 
boar.     The  shield  between  two  decorative  wyverns. 

(J<    SIGILL'  :  HVGONIS  :   D€  :  V€€R. 


HUGH  DE  VERE,  second  son  ol  Robert,  fifth 
Earl  of  Oxford,  served  in  the  French  wars, 
governor  of  St.  Cyverine  1 293.  Excepted  June  1294 
from  the  general  summons  to  serve  in  the  King's 
expedition  into  Gascony.  Sent  on  embassy  to  France 
1297,  and  to  Rome  1298.  Summoned  October  1299 


to  a  parliament  or  council  held  at  the  New  Temple, 
London. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick  - 
upon-Tweed  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1319. 
One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1300. 


Hue  de  Ver,  le  filz  au  Conte 
De  Oxinfort,  e  frere  fon  hoir, 
O  le  ourle  endentee  de  noir 
Avoit  baniere  e  longee  lee, 
De  ore  e  de  rouge  efquartelee ; 
De  bon  cendal,  non  pas  de  toyle, 
E  devant  une  blanche  eftoyle. 


Hugh  de  Vere,  son  of  the  Earl 
Of  Oxford,  and  brother  to  his  heir. 
With  the  border  indented  with  black 
He  had  a  banner  both  long  and  broad, 
Quartered  gold  and  red, 
Of  good  silk,  not  of  cloth, 
And  in  front  a  white  star. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  SWAINS- 
CHAUMPIS  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  Eng- 
land, and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation ;  he  and  his  consort  were  summoned 
(8  February),  as  from  the  County  of  Essex,  to  attend 
the  Coronation  in  the  train  of  the  King  and  Queen, 
25  February  1307-8. 

Elected  as  one  of  the  Committee  of  six  "  Ordainers  " 
by  whom  the  remaining  fifteen  were  chosen  ;  all  were 
sworn  together  in  the  Painted  Chamber  20  March 
1310  (see  page  xlv).  Commanded  to  appear  in  the 
Exchequer  25  June  1310  ready  to  proceed  to  Gascony 
on  the  King's  service. 


Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310.  Proffered  the 
service  of  one  knight's  fee  for  all  his  lands,  performed 
by  "  two  servientes  "  with  two  barded  horses,  at  the 
Tweedmouth  muster  19  September.  To  muster  at 
Berwick  also  in  July  of  the  next  year,  and  to  proceed 
with  as  many  followers  as  he  can  raise  against  the 
Scots,  who,  under  Bruce,  were  ravaging  the  north. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
that  the  summons  for  the  meeting  of  parliament  is 
revoked  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots  June 
1318  ;  ordered  to  muster  at  York  in  July  to  oppose  the 
invaders,  and  is  supposed  to  have  died  shortly  after. 

Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  884;  II.  div.  3, 
1556;  C.S.D.  ;  Archieologia,  xxi.,  pi.  I,  206;  Rol  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  II;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  14,121. 


82 


ROBERT  DE  LA    WARDE. 


-  •   r**.  .  .•    -V      ^,  ( 

-  •••*          = 


mobert  De  la 


SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT  29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   3   NOVEMBER    1306. 
SEAL,  1301.—  Vair—  with  helm  and  fan  plume.    On  each  side  of  the  shield  a  decorative  sprig. 


S'    ROB6RTI    D€    LA    WARD6. 


T~)  OBERT  DE  LA  WARDE,  steward  of  the  house- 
AV     hold    1304;  was  generally   summoned  equis 

etarmisto  the  muster  at  Nottingham  July  1287  for 

service  in  person  against  the  Scots . 

Ordered  to  muster  at  Sandwich  in  November  and 

December  1297  for  service  in  Flanders;  the  King 

had  embarked  22  August. 


Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and 
was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle, 
York  and  Berwick  -  upon  -  Tweed  1299-1301. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  August  1298, 
and  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
ii  July  1300. 


Apres  ceus  deuz  revindrent  la 
La  Warde  e  Johans  de  Gray, 
Ke  de  nouvel  ont  envay 
Ceus  dedenz,  ki  bien  atendent, 
E  ars  e  arbaleftes,  tendent, 
E  traient  de  lour  efpringaut, 
E  bien  fe  tienent  paringaut, 
E  au  getter  e  au  lancier. 


After  these  two  returned  there 
La  Warde  and  John  de  Gray, 
Who  renewed  the  attack  upon 
Those  within,  who  are  fully  expecting  it, 
And  bend  their  bows  and  crossbows, 
And  shoot  with  their  espringalls, 
And  keep  themselves  equally  ready 
Both  to  throw  and  to  hurl. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  .Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  UE 
ALBA  AULA  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Justiciar  with  Peter  de  Mauley  (page  126)  and 
others  to  try  Scots  prisoners  of  war  at  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  30  July  1306  ;  the  King's  instructions  were 


formally  read  in  Court  i  August,  and  the  prisoners  were 
summarily  executed  the  same  day.  He  was  present 
at  the  Council  of  Lanercost  23  October  1306  on  the 
performance  of  homage  by  Jacobus  Senescallus  Scotia, 
and  died  the  next  year. 


Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  893  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Scot- 
land in  1298,  Falkirk,  153  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright, 
32  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  14,257. 


CORD    XIII. 


(23)  3obn  le  Strange,  TLoro  of  Iknofevm. 

(22)  Gbomas  oc  flDulton,  loro  of  £0remont. 

(24)  •Roger  oc  fDortimer  (of  Cbirh).  Xor&  of 


Tiobn   It 


•f  mail,  surcoat,  ballrick 
of  his  charger  the 


THIS  marche; 
!. 

ordered  in  1276  to  prohibit  his  mm 

s  or  supplies  to  tl 
following  year  he  was  summoned  to  a 

in  July   for  militii: 
in  the    first   expedition    a^ainM 
25  March  1282  to  plar 
the  command  of 

at   Rhuddlan  in  the  fo!' 
t'urihi-r    ordered    .?o   '  : 
the  command  of 
also  to  attend  the  . 

uiioned     to     the     parliam 

:>tember  1283  for  the  trial  of  I 
Lewelin  ;   th.  June)   • 

trespasses,  and  death  ot  '• 

I'.y    writ    25    June    1287    ; 
^mands  of  "  Roger 
,ding   thv 
duci  (Rhys  ai 

the   following   month  to   appe.. 
a   military   Council   at 
.vail.     ()'.  . 

Johans  le  l;."  • 


:ary    130 
>N  he  joined  in  thi 

( i  2    l','iin::ipr  i    bj 

attached  liis  st-al  as  here  sho 

. 

immoned   (uS    Jan 

H;> 

:  I. 
I'rol! 

formed  by  one  "  scv\  '•• 

. 


wife 

diem 

By 


'•'•' 


JOHN  LE  STRANGE,   LORD   OF  KNOKYN. 


3)ol)n  le  Strange,"  lorD  of  Bnofcpn. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29   DECEMBER    1299  AND  4  MARCH   TO    12   DECEMBER    1309. 

SEAL,  1301. —  The  Baron,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  and 
coif  of  mail,  surcoat,  ballrick,  helm  with  fan  plume,  vizor  down.  On  his  shield  and  the  caparisons 
of  his  charger  the  two  lyons  passant  of  his  arms. 

S'  :  IOHANNIS    L€    STRAVNGG€. 


THIS  marcher  lord  took  a  very  prominent  part  in 
resisting  the  Welsh  incursions.  He  was 
ordered  in  1276  to  prohibit  his  vassals  from  furnish- 
ing provisions  or  supplies  to  the  rebels,  and  in  the 
following  year  he  was  summoned  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Worcester  in  July  for  military  service  in  person 
in  the  first  expedition  against  Lewelin.  Ordered 
25  March  1282  to  place  himself  and  his  forces  under 
the  command  of  Rogerus  de  Mortuo  Mari  and  to 
muster  at  Rhuddlan  in  the  following  August,  being 
further  ordered  30  October  to  place  himself  under 
the  command  of  Rogerus  Extraneus  (Le  Strange) ; 
also  to  attend  the  muster  at  Montgomery  May  1283. 
Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury 
30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of 
Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds, 
trespasses,  and  death  of  Lewelin. 

By  writ  25  June  1287  he  was  enjoined  to 
obey  the  commands  of  "  Rogerus  Extraneus  "  com- 
manding the  expedition  against  Resus  filius  Mere- 
duci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth),  and  in 
the  following  month  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at 
a  military  Council  at  Gloucester,  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall.  On  14  November  1287  and  again 


30  November  1288 
he  was  enjoined  to  re- 
side on  his  demesnes 
and  lordships  until 
the  rebellion  of 
Resus  should  be  put 
down.  Ordered  6  De- 
cember 1287  to  obey 
the  commands  of 
Peter  Corbet,  "Cus- 
tos"  of  (Lampader) 
Lampeter. 

Excepted  14  June  1 294  from  the  general  summons 
for  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Ordered  to 
attend  the  muster  at  London  July  1297  for  service 
in  person  equis  et  armis  in  parts  beyond  the  seas. 
The  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Summoned  to  Parliament  29  December  1299  as 
Johanni  Extramo.  Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots, 
and  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick  upon-Tweed,  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
1 299- 1 3 1  o.  Was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 


Johans  le  Eftrange  le  ot  livree 
Rouge  o  deuz  blans  lyons  paflans. 


John  le  Estrange  had  it  coloured 
Red,  with  two  white  lyons  passant. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
CNOKIN  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part 
as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Sir  John  was  serving  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
Midsummer  1303,  and  was  on  foray  in  Nithsdale 
with  other  knights  against  Brus,  February  to  May  1307. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February  1 307-8. 

Had  licence  to  castellate  his  house  at  Middle,  in 
Salop,  i  Ed.  II. 

Proffered  the  service  of  half  a  knight's  fee,  per- 
formed by  one  "  serviens  "  with  one  barded  horse,  for 
the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  18  September  1310. 

Inquisition  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  (writ  of  diem 


dausit  extremum  8  August  3  Ed.  II.  1309),  his  son 
John,  aged  27  or  thereabouts,  and  Matilda  his  wife 
then  living.  Inquisition  at  Berwick  (writ  of  diem 
clausit  extremum  6  February  4  Ed.  II.  1310-11).  By 
the  Shropshire  inquisition  taken  Saturday  after  the 
feast  of  St.  Matthias  it  was  found  that  John  his  son 
was  14  years  of  age  and  Isolda  his  wife  then  living. 


*  The  name  according  to  Glover,  Somerset  Herald,  was 
given  to  Guy,  the  younger  son  of  the  Duke  of  Bretaigne,  on 
the  occasion  of  a  joust  held  at  Castle  Peverell,  temp.  Hen.  I. 
He,  being  a  foreigner,  was  called  Guy  le  Strange,  extraneus. 

Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  353  ;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  849;  II.  div.  3,  1470;  C.S.D.  ;  Roll 
of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  16 ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals,  British  Museum,  6,444. 


86 


THOMAS  DE  MULTON. 

^2c*3*>>^ 


De 

SUMMONED   TO    PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    15    MAY    1320. 

SEAL,  1301. — The  Baron,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk  of 
mail,  surcoat,  helm  with  fan  plume,  the  vizor  down.  On  his  shield  and  the  caparison  of  his 
charger,  which  is  also  plumed,  are  the  three  bars  of  his  arms. 

SIGILLVM    THOM€    D€    MOVLTON. 


THIS   feudal   lord    possessed    the    baronies   or 
lands    of    Multon,    in    Lincolnshire,    and   of 
Egremont  and  Cockermouth,  in  Cumberland  ;  served 
in  the  wars  in  Wales  and  Scotland. 

At  the  assize  before  John  de  Vaux  and  other 
justices  itinerant  at  Carlisle  on  the  morrow  of  All 
Souls  1278  the  jury  say  that  Thomas  de  Multon  of 
Egremont  holds  that  manor  with  the  barony  of 
Coupeland  of  the  King  as  one  fee.  And  that, 

Thomas  de  Multon  of  Egremont  within  Coupe- 
launde  has  return  of  writs  and  holds  pleas  ad  namio 
vetito  and  takes  wreck  of  sea  everywhere  in  his  lands 
and  has  gallows  in  his  lands  and  takes  fines  of  assize 
of  bread,  &c.,  and  he  and  his  ancestors  have  so  had 
it  from  the  Conquest. 


Summoned  to  perform  military  service  in  person 
in  the  second  Welsh  invasion  and  to  attend  the 
musters  at  Worcester  in  May  and  at  Rhuddlan  in 
August  1282  (also  in  May  1283  at  Montgomery), 
when  he  acknowledged  the  service  of  one  knight's 
fee,  held  by  barony  for  which  he  makes  fine;  per- 


formed by  two  "  servientes."  Summoned  to  the 
parliament  of  Shrewsbury  30  September  1283  for 
the  trial  of  Uavid,  brother  of  Lewelin ;  the  writ 
(28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses,  and 
death  of  Lewelin.  Father  and  son  were  summoned 
to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  at 
Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  July 
1287. 

As  Thomas  de  Multon  of  Gillesland  was  con- 
temporary with  Thomas  of  Egremont,  and  perhaps 
with  Thomas  of  Coupland  also,  the  Editor  of  the 
Parliamentary  Writs  observes  that  the  allocation  of 
the  respective  entries  is  at  times  conjectural,  so  that 
great  care  should  be  observed  in  accepting  the  appro- 
priation of  events,  &c.,  relating  to  this  name. 

Father  and  son  probably  served  in  the  wars  with 
the  Scots,  one  or  other  was  summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Norham  (1291),  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  at  Rox- 
burgh, across  the  border,  1291-1319.  Thomas,  the 
father,  died  in  1294;  his  son  Thomas  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Acompainiez  a  eel  gent 
Thomas  de  Moultone  fe  fu, 
Ky  avoit  baner  e  escu 
De  argent,  o  treis  barres  de  goulys. 


In  company  with  these  people 
Was  Thomas  de  Multon, 
Who  had  a  banner  and  shield 
Of  silver,  with  three  bars  gules. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  U'N'S.  DE  EGREMONT 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12 
February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on 


the  part  of  the    "  Communitas "  of  England,   and 
attached  his  seal  here  shown. 

Ordered    14   November    1297  to   place   himself 

under   the   command   of  Robert  de    Clifford    (see 


THOMAS  DE  MULTON. 


page  93),  on  20  January  1303  under  John  de 
Segrave  (see  page  in),  the  King's  lieutenant  in 
Scotland,  and  5  April  1306  under  Henry  de  Percy, 
the  King's  lieutenant  and  captain  in  Cumberland  and 
Galloway  (see  page  43). 

Empowered  14  June  1303  to  raise  the  forces 
of  the  counties  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland 
and  in  Annandale  and  the  marches  against  the 
Scots,  who  have  raided  in  great  force  Annandale  and 
Lidderdale  and  elsewhere  on  the  marches  behind  the 
King  and  his  army,  which  are  beyond  the  Forth. 
Commissioner  of  Array  in  the  liberty  of  Egremont 
1 8  February  1307  ;  ordered  24  February  to  levy  160 
men  from  his  liberty  of  Egremont  to  go  in  pursuit  of 
Bruce.  In  the  following  May  his  four  esquires  are 
reported  at  Glentrool  on  raid  after  Bruce. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  the  King's  Coronation 
in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February  1307-8. 

Commanded  26  October  1309  to  repair  to  his 
demesnes  in  the  marches  in  order  to  defend  them 
against  the  Scots.  Earnestly  requested  (2  August) 
to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310  ; 
proffered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee,  performed  by 
one  knight  and  two  "  servientes,"  with  two  barded 
horses,  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  10  September. 
Commanded  20  February  1313  to  continue  resident 
in  his  country  (Northumberland)  for  the  defence 
thereof  against  the  Scots,  who  had  retaken  Perth. 

The  battle  of  Bannockburn  was  fought  24  June 


1314.  Commanded  6  January  1315  to  assist  the 
"Custodes  "  in  defending  the  counties  beyond  Trent 
against  the  Scots,  who  were  about  to  invade  Durham 
and  besiege  Carlisle.  Requested  30  August  to  con- 
tinue stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during  the 
winter  campaign. 

Commanded  4  January  1317  to  repair  in  person 
to  his  demesnes  in  Ireland  for  the  defence  thereof 
against  Edward  Bruce.  This  Edward,  brother  of 
Robert  I.  of  Scotland,  landed  at  Carrickfergus 

25  May  1315  with  6,000  Scots,  was  crowned  King  of 
Ireland   2    May  1316,   and  joined    by    his   brother 
Robert    1316-17,    but   was   defeated    and    slain    at 
Tagher,  near  Dundalk,  1 4  October  1 3 1 8  (see  page  xliv). 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones "  he  was  in- 
formed 10  June  1318  that  the  summons  to  meet  in 
parliament  had  been  revoked  by  reason  of  the 
invasion  of  the  Scots.  Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage 

26  April  1320.     Requested  21  April   1321  to  refrain 
from  attending  any  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies 
in  the  Welsh  marches,  and  1 2  November  ordered  to 
abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  ''  Good  Peers," 
illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster,  to  be  held 
at  Doncaster. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  I'eer,  4th  Report,  350;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  753  ;  II.  div.  3,  1209 ;  C.S.U.  ;  Scotland 
in  1298,  Falkirk,  141  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  e<i.  Wright,  3  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  6,245. 


ROGER  DE  MORTIMER. 


iRoger  De  Sgorttmet, 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    15    MAY    1321. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  Three  bars  and  a  false  escocheon  ermine,  on  a  chief  a  palet  (usually  paly) 
between  two  esquires.  The  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough  ;  on  either  side  a  lyon 
passant  guardant. 

.  .  .  .  Dl€  :  MORTVtO  ......  Dl€  :  P€NK€TLYN    % 


ROGER  DE  MORTIMER,  of  Chirk  [brother 
of  Edmund  (son  of  Roger),  Lord  of  Wigmore 
(page  39)],  guardian  to  Llewelin,  younger  son  of 
Griffith  ap  Madoc,  to  whose  part  the  lordship  of 
Chirke  fell,  so  guarded  his  ward  that  he  never 
returned  to  his  possession,  and  obtained  these  lands 
for  himself  by  charter  (Pmvel).  The  brothers  were 
drowned  in  the  Dee.  Edward  I.  made  all  the  lands 
between  Llewelyn's  principality  and  his  own  earldom 
of  Chester,  march-ground — the  new  marcher  lordship 
of  Chirk. 

He  and  his  brother  are  said  to  have  enticed 
Lewelin  to  his  death  in  1282.  Summoned  toper- 
form  military  service  in  person  against  the  Welsh, 
and  to  attend  the  muster  at  Montgomery  May  1283. 
Ordered  16  July  1287  to  raise  400  foot  soldiers  from 
his  lordships  to  march  against  Resus  filius  Mereduci 


(Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth),  of  Ystrad 
Towy  ;  enjoined  14  November  following  and  again 
30  November  1288  to  reside  on  his  demesnes  and 
lordships  until  the  rebellion  of  Resus  be  put  down. 
Excepted  14  June  1294  from  the  general  summons 
to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony  ; 
raised  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  in  1294,  and 
(1297)  became  joint-governor  of  Bourg  and  Blaye  on 
the  recapture  of  those  towns. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots.  Summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1319. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and 
was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
ii  July  1300,  he  and  William  of  Leybourne  being 
conductors  and  guardians  of  Prince  Edward. 


E  puis  Rogiers  de  Mortemer, 
Ki,  deca  mer  dela  mer, 
A  porte  quel  part  ke  ait  aid 
L'efcu  barre  au  chief  pale, 
E  les  cornieres  gyronnees, 
De  or  e  de  afur  enluminees, 
O  le  efcuchon  vuidie  de  ermine. 


And  next  Roger  de  Mortimer, 
Who  on  both  sides  the  sea 
Has  borne  wherever  he  went 
A  shield  barry,  with  a  chief  paly, 
And  the  corners  gyronny, 
Emblazoned  with  gold  and  with  blue, 
With  the  escutcheon  voided  of  ermine. 


ROCEK  DE  MORTIMER. 


89 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
PKNKETLYN  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

He  quitted  the  army  in  Scotland  without  leave 
and  his  lands  were  seized. 

Justice  of  Wales  in  1308  and  1321  and  King's 
lieutenant.  Commissioner  of  Array  in  North  and 
South  Wales  1 309,  desired  "  to  thank  the  Welsh  for 
their  readiness."  He  ruled  all  Wales  1307-21; 
1315-16  excepted,  when  he  was  replaced  by  John  de 
Grey  as  Justice  of  North  Wales,  and  by  William 
Martin  and  Maurice  de  Berkeley  in  turn,  in  South 
Wales. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 
Proffered  the  service  of  three  knight's  fees  for  all  his 
lands  in  England  and  Wales,  performed  by  one 
knight  and  four  "  servientes,"  with  six  barded  horses, 
for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  (lyth). 

Raised  the  siege  of  Welshpool  1312. 

Commanded  24  March  1314  to  raise  z,coo  foot 
soldiers  from  North  Wales  and  1,000  foot  soldiers 
from  South  Wales.  On  27  May  requested  to  hasten 
the  march  of  his  levies  from  South  Wales  and  the 
marches.  Fought  at  Bannockburn  24  June. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 
As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 

8  June  1318  of  the  revocation  of  the  summons  to 
attend   parliament    owing    to    the   invasion   of    the 
Scots. 

Warden  or  lieutenant  of  Ireland  1315.  Ordered 
6  August  1317  to  summon  Adam,  Bishop  of  Ferns,  to 
his  presence  to  justify  himself  for  aiding  Edward  and 
Robert  de  Brus  with  counsel,  provisions,  arms  and 
men. 

Appointed  one  of  the  members   of  the  Council 

9  August  1318   to   be   constantly  about  the  King's 


person.  Obtained  his  writ  de  scvtagio  28  October 
1320. 

As  one  of  the  great  men  who  had  confederated 
against  the  Despencers  he  obtained  a  pardon 
20  August  1321  for  all  homicides,  robberies,  felonies, 
trespasses,  &c.,  committed  in  the  "  pursuit  "  ;  and 
also  for  fourteen  of  his  followers. 

Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally 
convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at 
Doncaster.  Peremptorily  summoned  28  November 
to  repair  to  the  King  at  Cirencester  to  give  informa- 
tion concerning  Wales.  Being  in  arms  against  the 
King  and  having  attacked  and  burned  the  town  of 
Bridgenorth,  the  sheriffs  throughout  England  are 
commanded  15  January  1322  to  arm  and  raise  the 
"  posse  comitatus  "  against  him  and  his  confederates. 

An  adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  at  the  battle 
of  Boroughbridge  17  March  1321-2.  Mortimer  and 
his  nephew  appeared  before  Edward  II.  at  Shrews- 
bury on  Friday  22  January  1322,  acknowledged  their 
misdeeds  and  submitted  entirely  to  the  King's  will. 
A  letter  of  Privy  Seal  containing  the  news  was 
immediately  transmitted  to  the  Mayor  and  citizens  of 
London.  On  14  July  certain  justices  were  em- 
powered to  pronounce  judgment  upon  him,  and  on 
the  22nd  the  Constable  of  the  Tower  was  directed  to 
bring  the  prisoner  before  the  justices.  The  sentence 
of  death  passed  upon  him  was  the  following  month 
commuted  to  perpetual  imprisonment.  He  remained 
in  the  Tower  four  years  and  a  half.  His  nephew 
Roger  escaped  from  the  Tower. 

On  the  accession  of  Edward  III.  his  estates  were 
restored  and  the  judgment  against  him  reversed. 
Reappointed  Justiciary  of  Wales.  Died  3  August  1326, 
buried  in  the  Abbey  of  Wigmore. 


Authorities.  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  75O;II.iliv.  3,  I2OI ; 
C.S.D.  ;  Ardweologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  223;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  145  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  19  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,968. 


CORD    XIV. 

(26)  "Robert  ^e  Clifford  Castellan  of  Bpplebp. 

(25)  Milliam  oc  Cantelupe,  Xorb  of  IRavenstfoorpe. 
(28)  »r$an  Jfits  aian,  lorfc  of  Bebale. 

(27)  iHicbolas  be  Carcw,  1Lor&  ot 


i.\obm 


£lifforc  anus  DC 


Si 
annulet,  the  lc$c 


tnd   a 

,.  fi,., 


>ont 


S'    R-OB€     RTI-  D€C     LIF     ORT. 


FIFTH  feud*  lot 
Bar 

of  liis  tini' 
the  death 

inherited    Brougham 
ditary    sht 
mother,  Isabel 
he  was  enfeoffi 


. 
•rlher  with  the 


A( 

•inetl  on  hi^ 
muster  at  Rhud 
expedition  again 
of  Wales. 

Summoned   ! 
1297  for  > 
embarked  for  Fk 


of   01. 

• 


isrust 

forests  north  of  Tre  305. 

veil  in  the.  vjirs  with  t. 

•end  mus! 
Tweed,     N 

-  the  border   i 

to  keep  the  ma-che*.  with    i  i 
500  foot  s  .  welve  months  alter,   in 

junction  with    : 

and  "justify"  all  dis'.uiLers    of   the    ! 
land  or  their   asrttets.     Thi 


:  of 

that 

tmorland 
him 
page   43).       Enjoined 

3).      On    18    October 

uish 
>f   i", 

inter. 

•i  the 
i 
. 

Fought  at  the  ha;  .Ikirk 

i  "  ferram  pomele 

1 1    July  1300, 
King  as  a  reward  <>f  his 


M»dr  a  successful  raid   ir 
Percy   (* 

.itcmber  to  place  hir 
>'   (Rg' 


e  de 

O  ui" 


connoie 


•f  he  !  knows 

His  i  jured  ba- 

i  a  vermilion  1\ 
[I   1  A;  i\  a  \nung  maiden 
I  would  give  him  my  heart  and  ptr 


ROKEKT  DE  CLIFFORD,   CASTELLANUS  DE  APPLEBY. 


93 


iRobcrt  DC  CltfforD,  Castellanus  Uc 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   26   NOVEMBER    1313. 

SEAL,  1301. — Chequy  and   a  fess.     The  shield    within  a    size-foyle,  on    each    the    Vipont 
annulet,  the  legend  divided  by  the  lobes. 


Si       n 
IV 

FIFTH  feudal  lord  of  his  line,  one  of  the  greatest 
Barons  and  one  of  the  most  active  soldiers 
of  his  time.  He  succeeded  to  the  Clifford  lands  on 
the  death  of  his  grandfather  in  1286,  and  in  1291 
inherited  Brougham  Castle,  together  with  the  here- 
ditary shrievalty  of  Westmorland  in  right  of  his 
mother,  Isabel  Vipont;  although  within  age,  in  1282 
he  was  enfeoffed  of  the  manor  of  "  De  Novo  Loco." 

Acknowledged  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee 
performed  on  his  behalf  by  two  "  servientes  "  at  the 
muster  at  Rhuddlan  in  August  1282,  in  the  second 
expedition  against  the  Welsh  under  Lewelin,  Prince 
of  Wales. 

Summoned  to  attend  a  muster  at  London  July 
1297  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas  ;  the'  King 
embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  A  Justice  of  the 
forests  north  of  Trent  1297-1305. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots.  Summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  Newcastle- upon-Tyne,  and  at  Roxburgh 
across  the  border  1299-1314.  Appointed  2nd  April 
1296  to  keep  the  marches  with  140  men-at-arms  and 
500  foot  soldiers,  and  twelve  months  after,  in  con- 
junction with  Henry  de  Percy,  to  arrest,  imprison, 
and  "justify"  all  disturbers  of  the  peace  in  Scot- 
land or  their  resetters.  They  accordingly  made  a 


Robert  le  Seignour  de  Cliffort 

Le  Roi  fon  bon  feignour  connoie 
Sa  baniere  mout  honouree, 
De  or  e  de  afur  efchequere, 
O  une  feffe  vermellette, 
Si  je  estoie  une  pucellette, 
Je  li  donroie  quer  e  cors, 
Tant  eft  de  li  bons  li  recors. 


MDRT. 

"chavanche"  in  Galloway  on  Robert  le  Brus,  who 
yielded  to  their  superior  force  ;  and  at  Carlisle  they 
received  to  the  peace  of  the  King  of  England 
the  Bishop  of  Glasgow,  Robert  de  Brus,  Earl  of 
Carrick,  James  the  Steward  and  their  followers. 

Governor  of  Carlisle  1297.  On  12  July  of  that 
year  he  was  appointed  Captain  of  the  garrisons  and 
fortresses  in  Cumberland  (Governor  of  Carlisle), 
when  the  men  of  Cumberland  and  Westmorland 
made  a  successful  raid  into  Scotland  under  him 
and  Henry  de  Percy  (see  page  43).  Enjoined 
24  September  to  place  himself  without  delay  under 
the  Earl  of  Surrey  (page  3).  On  18  October 
appointed  "  Capitaneus  "  (warden)  of  the  Scottish 
marches  (Annandale)  and  of  the  county  of  Cum- 
berland ;  described  as  "  Gustos  "  14  November. 
Governor  of  Nottingham  Castle  1298.  On  25  No- 
vember King's  lieutenant  and  "  Cheventaigne  "  in  the 
counties  of  Cumberland,  Westmorland,  Lancaster  and 
the  marches.  Warden  of  Lochmaben  Castle  and  the 
valley  of  Annan.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298,  his  charger  a  "  ferram  pomele."  One  of 
the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300, 
and  appointed  Keeper,  by  the  King  as  a  reward  of  his 


services. 


Robert  the  lord  of  Clifford, 

The  King  his  good  lord  knows 

His  much  honoured  banner 

Chequered  with  gold  and  azure, 

With  a  vermilion  fess. 

If  I  were  a  young  maiden 

I  would  give  him  my  heart  and  person, 

So  good  is  his  fame. 


94 


ROBERT  DE  CLIFFORD,   CASTELLANUS  DE  APPLEBY. 


On  30  October  he  was  ordered  to  provide  Caer- 
laverock,  Dumfries,  Dalswynton,  and  Thybres  with 
men  and  victuals  and  to  see  that  the  castellans  of 
these  places  attack  the  enemy  with  all  force  and 
make  no  truce,  under  pain  of  forfeiture  to  the  King.- 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1 ;  by  writ  tested  at 
La  Rose  on  the  preceding  26  September,  he  was  to 
cause  all  the  foresters  in  fee  within  his  bailiwick  to 
appear  in  the  last-mentioned  parliament.  As  "  CAS- 
TELLANUS DE  APPELBY"  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as 
well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas  " 
of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Ordered  19  June  1302  as  "  Gustos "  of  the 
bishopric  of  Durham  to  place  himself  under  the 
command  of  John  de  St.  John.  On  10  October  he 
engaged  to  serve  the  King  in  Scotland  with  twenty 
horse  from  Michaelmas  to  Easter  for  200  marks.  In  the 
following  year  he  was  concerned  in  a  "chivauchee" 
with  Sir  John  de  Segrave  and  Will  le  Latymer  on 
their  leaving  Dunfermline.  Served  with  two  knights 
and  sixteen  esquires  under  John  Botetourte,  Justiciar 
of  Galloway,  in  a  foray  (9  January  1303-4).  He  took 
part  with  Percy  (captain  at  Carlisle)  and  with  De 
Valence  (captain  at  Berwick)  in  putting  down  Brus' 
rebellion.  Received  part  of  Robert  Bruce's  English 
lands  in  1306  and  was  enfeoffed  (26  May)  in  the 
manor  of  Hert,  county  Durham ;  received  Skelton, 
&c.,  in  Cumberland,  on  the  forfeiture  of  Christopher  de 
Seton  (February  1306-7),  and  Edward  I.  is  said  to  have 
granted  him  the  Scotch  lands  of  William  Douglas,  a 
gift  which  is  said  to  have  driven  Sir  James  Douglas 
to  ally  himself  with  Bruce.  He  certainly  defended 
Douglas  Castle  against  Sir  Robert  le  Bruce  and  Sir 
James  de  Douglas  in  the  last  year  of  Edward  I.,  1 306-7. 
Ordered  to  watch  Bruce  on  the  Cree,  in  Galloway, 
23  February  to  15  March  1306-7.  Justiciar  of 
the  forests  ultra  Trent  September  1307.  Appointed 
3  September  1307  to  execute  the  office  of  the 
Mareschalcy  of  England,  and  the  next  month  com- 
manded to  repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his  forces 
for  the  defence  of  the  country  as  well  as  of  his  own 
possessions. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  Ed.  II.'s  Coro- 
nation in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February  1308. 
Jousted  at  the  first  Dunstable  tournament  1308.  In 
August  of  that  year  he  and  the  Earl  of  Angus  were 


simultaneously  appointed  captain  and  chief  "  Custos 
of  all  Scotland  on  either  side  of  the  Forth  together 
with  the  marches,  Galloway,  &c.'  Specially  appointed 
in  October  1309  "Custos"  of  the  Scottish  marches 
adjoining  Carlisle,  and  dispatched  to  Scotland  to- 
gether with  the  Earl  of  Hereford  and  Essex  and 
Henry  de  Beaumont  (Bellomonte).  Had  a  grant 
of  Skipton  Castle  1310  in  lieu  of  his  claims  in  the 
Vale  of  Monmouth. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 
Appointed  4  April  1311  "Custos"  of  Scotland  south 
of  the  Forth  and  of  the  adjoining  marches.  All  the 
King's  subjects  of  Northumberland,  Cumberland, 
Westmorland,  and  Lancaster' were  ordered  to  attend 
and  obey  him.  Sir  Nicholas  de  Vipount  and  ten 
others  of  his  knights  lost  their  chargers  in  a  raid 
towards  Faringley  under  Sir  Robert. 

Joined  the  baronial  party  under  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster.  Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at 
Carlisle  3  November  1311  with  sixty  men-at-arms  to 
perform  service  in  the  marches,  receiving  pay  for  the 
same.  He  guarded  the  northern  counties  against  the 
probable  collusion  between  Gaveston  and  Bruce,  and 
on  4th  May  1312  he  entered  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
with  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  and  a  large  body  of  armed 
men ;  they  occupied  the  town  for  four  days,  and 
within  a  fortnight  besieged  Gaveston  in  the  castle  of 
Scarborough.  Had  safe  conducts  granted  him  Sep- 
tember I3i2-September  1313,  and  obtained  a  general 
pardon  16  October  1313  as  an  adherent  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster,  for  his  participation  in  the  death  of 
Gaveston. 

Guardian  of  Norham  Castle.  Even  with  his 
eight  hundred  chosen  warriors  he  failed  to  relieve 
Stirling  Castle  23  June  1314,  and  was  slain  the  next 
day  at  Bannockburn.  His  executors  obtained  his 
writ  of  scutage  (de  scutagid)  21  November  1320. 

On  24  September  1314  a  tun  of  wine  was  ordered 
by  writ  of  Privy  Seal  to  be  delivered  to  the  executors 
of  the  will  of  Sir  Robert  de  Clifford,  "  who  is  with 
God,"  for  the  interment  of  his  corpse. 


Authorities.  —  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  348 ; 
Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  536  ;  II.  div.  3,  687  ;  C.S.D.  ; 
Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  143  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed. 
Wright,  1 1  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
8,666. 


5/A'    WILLIAM  DE  CANTELUTE. 


Sfliilltam  tie  Cantelupe. 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29  DECEMBER    1299  TO   5    AUGUST    1308. 

SEAL,   1301.  —  A  fess  vair  between  three  fleurs-de-lys.* 

&    S'    WILL€LMI     D€    CANTILVPO. 


SIR  WILLIAM  CANTELUPE  (or  Cantelow)  is 
said  to  have  distinguished  himself  in  Gascony 
and  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Carlisle,  York  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
1299-1308.  In  1300  he  sent  his  service  in  Scotland 
for  one-tenth  of  one  knight's  fee. 


E  Guillemes  de  Cantelo, 

Ke  je  par  cefte  raifon  lo, 

Ke  en  honnour  a  touz  tens  vescu 

FefTe  vaire  ot  el  rouge  efcu, 

De  trois  fleurs  de  lis  de  or  efpars 

Naiffans  de  teftes  de  lupars. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
RAVENSTHORP  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well 
on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  " 
of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

On  17  September  1302  he  offered  two  men-at- 
arms  whom  the  King  begs  him  to  send  well  mounted 
and  armed  to  Scotland  with  all  haste,  he  to  join 
the  King  at  Roxburgh  April  1303. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  with 
horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces  under  the 


Excepted  from  the  general  summons  14  June 
1294  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony. 

Served  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298; 
and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
ii  July  1300. 


And  William  de  Cantelupe, 

Whom  I  for  this  reason  praise, 

That  he  has  at  all  times  lived  in  honour ; 

He  had  on  a  red  shield  a  fess  vair, 

With  three  fleurs-de-lys  of  bright  gold 

Issuing  from  leopards'  heads. 


command  of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant 
in  Scotland;  the  knights  and  men-at-arms  in  Yorkshire 
to  obey  his  instructions. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308  and  died  the  next 
year. 

*  The  leopards'  heads  or  faces  (jessant-de-lis)  do  not  appear 
in  the  seal,  possibly  an  omission  <>(  the  engraver. 

Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  518;  II.  div.  3, 
642  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Archaeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  212  ;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  147;  Roll  of  Caerlavetock,  ed.  Wright,  17; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  8,313. 


BRYAN  FITZ  ALAN. 


Brpan  fits  3Uan, 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295    TO   22   JANUARY    1304-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  chimera  of  four  masks,  encircled  by  the  legend 

g<    TOT  :  CAPITA  :  TOT  :  S€NT€NCI€. 


BRYAN  FITZ  ALAN  succeeded  his  father  of 
the  same  names  before  5  Edward  I.  1277,  and 
in  1286  obtained  licence  to  castellate  his  house  at 
Kilwardeby. 

Summoned  to  the  muster  for  service  in  person 
against  the  Welsh  in  the  second  invasion  at  Worcester 
17  May  1282.  Commanded  July  1287  to  appear 
equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  to  be  held  at 
Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall.  Sum- 
moned to  the  muster  at  Worcester  21  November 
1294.  To  muster  in  London  July  1297  for  service 
beyond  the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August.  Warden  of  the  castles  of  Forfar,  Dundee, 
Jedburgh,  and  Roxburgh  in  1290-2  ;  an  associate  to 
the  Guardians  of  Scotland  13  June  1291,  pending  the 
decision  of  the  competitorship,  "  done  opposite  Nor- 
ham  Castle." 

On  5  August  1297  he  raised  an  objection  against 
undertaking  the  government  of  Scotland  for  a  less  sum 
than  the  Earl  of  Warenne.  Was  present  at  Brechin 

Le  beau  Brian  le  filz  Aleyn, 

De  courtoifie  e  de  honnour  pleyn, 

I  vi  o  baniere  barree, 

Ue  or  e  de  goules  bien  parde ; 

Dont  de  chalenge  eftoit  li  poinz 

Par  entre  li  e  Hue  Poinz, 

Ki  portoit  tel  ne  plus  ne  meins, 

Dont  merveille  avoit  meinte  e  meins. 


10  July  1296  when  John 
Balliol  submitted  to  Ed- 
ward. 

Served  against  the 
Scots.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  New- 
castle -  upon  -  Tyne,  Car- 
lisle, York  and  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  1297-1303. 
"  Capitaneus,"  12  July 

1297,  of    the   garrisons   and  fortresses  in  Northum- 
berland  (Roxburgh,  Jedburgh   and   others)   and   of 
the    marches    adjoining.     Enjoined    24    September 
following  to  place  himself  and  his  forces  under  the 
command  of  the  Earl  of  Surrey.     The  Knights  and 
"  Valetti "  raised  from  the  counties  of  Nottingham 
and   Derby   were   ordered    to   assemble   under    his 
command.     Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk   22  July 

1298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 


The  handsome  Brian  Fitz  Alan, 

Full  of  courtesy  and  honour, 

I  saw  there  with  his  well-adorned  banner, 

Barry  of  gold  and  red ; 

Which  was  the  subject  of  dispute 

Between  him  and  Hugh  Pointz, 

Who  bore  the  same  neither  more  nor  less, 

At  which  many  marvelled,  man  and  woman. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
BEDALE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  Eng- 
land, and  attached  his  seal  as  shown — perhaps,  as  a 
protest  against  the  use  of  his  arms  by  Hugh  Pointz 
(seepage  154). 

Received  the  manors  of  Belestre  and  Playmalon, 
part  of  the  lands  of  DE  Ros  of  Werke,  in  the  franchise 
of  Werk  in  Tyndale,  from  the  Bishop  of  Durham.  He 
also  had  the  manor  of  Ulvyngtone,  in  Yorkshire, 
formerly  the  heritage  of  Cecilia,  wife  of  William  de 
Fenton,  who  had  come  to  the  King's  peace  after  the 
first  Scotch  war. 

Enjoined  (posthumously)  20  January  1303  to  place 
himself  with  all  his  forces  under  the  command  of  John 
de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland.  He 
was  also  summoned  to  parliament  posthumously. 
Died  1302;  buried  in  Bedale  Church  —  Monu- 
ment. 


THE  SEAL. 

This  interesting  device  seems  to  represent  a 
Nimrod  facing  all  ways,  enclosing  various  animals  of 
the  chace,  kaleidoscopically  arranged  ;  in  the  centre 
are  indications  of  a  monogram. 

From  three  sides  of  the  device  as  many  exquisitely 
engraved  human  faces  in  profile  are  easily  seen,  and 
it  is  not  absolutely  impossible  to  imagine  a  fourth. 
Over  the  head  of  the  first  is  a  rabbit,  one  of  its 
hind  quarters  forming  a  helmet ;  turn  the  seal 
reversely  and  the  head  of  the  rabbit  suggests  a 
mouse;  under  the  man's  chin  a  pig  suggests  itself. 
In  the  centre,  letters  perhaps  forming  part  of 
a  monogram,  may  be  detected  and  also  a  stag  or 
boar's  head  with  horns,  &c.,  &c.  The  canting 
legend  is  considered  to  be  the  most  curious  part  of 
this  signet  (see  "Gentleman's  Magazine,"  April  1812). 

Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  598;  C.S.D.  ; 
Archreologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  212;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  137  ; 
Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  15  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals,  British  Museum,  17,138. 


NICHOLAS  DE  CARREU. 


97 


tic  Carrcu. 


NEVER  SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  lyons  passant. 

«     S'     NICHOLAI    D€    CARR€V. 


NICHOLAS  DE  CAREW  had  letters  of  pro- 
tection 22  May  1278,33  he  was  about  to  go  to 
Ireland   on    the  King's   service   for  two   years.     In 


1299  he  gave  letters  of  attorney,  as  he  was  going 
abroad  with  Aymer  de  Valence.  He  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  u  July  1300. 


Un  vaillant  home  e  de  grant  los 
O  lui,  Nichole  de  Karru, 
Dont  meinte  foiz  orent  paru 
Li  fait  en  couvert  e  en  lande 
Sur  la  felloune  gent  d'Irlande  ; 
Baniere  otjaune  bien  paflable, 
O  treis  lyouns  paffans  de  fable. 


A  valiant  man  of  great  praise 

Was  with  him,*  Nicholas  de  Carew, 

Whose  deeds  had  often  been  displayed 

Both  in  cover  and  on  the  plain 

Against  the  rebellious  people  of  Ireland ; 

He  had  a  handsome  yellow  banner, 

With  three  lyons  passant  sable. 


'  John,  the  good  Earl  Warcnne. 


His  services  in  Ireland,  just  referred  to,  would 
probably  be  remembered  on  his  reappearance  in 
Scotland,  hence  his  inclusion  in  the  Lincoln  letter, 
for,  although  he  was  not  summoned  to  the  parliament 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined  as 
D'N'S.  DE  MULESFORD  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 


He  was  summoned  as  from  Devonshire  to  per- 
form military  service  in  person  against  the  Scots,  and 
to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  on  the 
Nativity  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  24  June  1301. 
Constable  of  Bothwell  Castle  August  1 305. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  521  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  ^^^n  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  fd.  Wright,  7  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  8,351. 


CORD    XV. 


(30)  3obn  oe  Ibavering,  loro  of  (Brafton. 
<-!!))  Matter  oe  £e\>e,  Xoro  of  Stanorcvc. 


(ioo)  Matter  &e  Beaucbamp,  TLorfc  of  Hlccetcr. 

(  7'X/«  position  of  t'lis  Seal,  taken  Jrom  Series  /i,  is  determined  by  the  tiuiorstwen/ 
of  Series  .1.  ) 

(31)  Hlan  la  Zoucbe,  Xoro  of  Hebb?  &e  la  Zoucbe. 


3Jolw  DC 


PAR  I 


queue  fourcht 
on  cither  side  flor. 


StQILLVM  :  IOHANNIS  :  D€  :  HAVCRINO. 


S"  IR     JOHN     i 
Northan.  hard,  of 

ij Kin  it'll  ti  >pear 

on  the  roll  of  1 1 , 

iment  of  i 
•nd  as    1 '  N 

'X  l\C   i')i:i 

• 

mmuiiitas  ;.itid, 

:r  under 
Mamc  in  tl;  try  Writs  : — 

'or     in     '•• 
Thiru. 


at  K 


in    ; 


i:t   referei. 


at  \V< 


1 


^ 


JOHN  DE  HAVERING. 


101 


3Jotw  De 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY  AND    IO  APRIL    1299. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  lyon  rampant  queue  fourchce  ;  the  shield  suspended  by  a  trifurcated  bough, 
on  either  side  floral  decoration. 

*    SIGILLVM  :  IOHANNIS  :  D€  :  HAV6RING. 


SIR  JOHN  DE  HAVERING,  of  Grafton, 
Northants,  1271-2  (son  of  Richard,  of  Stan- 
bridge,  Hants).  Knighted  by  Edward  I.,  whom  he 
accompanied  to  Scotland  ;  his  name  and  arms  appear 
on  the  roll  of  the  battle  of  Falkirk'22  July  1298. 

He  was  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln, 
St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S. 
HE  GRAFTON  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

The  following  entries  among  others  appear  under 
his  name  in  the  Parliamentary  Writs  : — 

Assessor  and  Collector  in  Wiltshire  of  the 
Thirtieth  granted  by  the  counties  south  of  Trent,  tested 


at  Rhuddlan  28  February,  n  Ed.  I.  1283.  As  a 
justice  of  North  Wales  1297  he  was  empowered  to 
raise  forces  from  various  parts  of  North  Wales  and 
the  marches.  In  1298  he  was  Commissioner  of  Array 
in  the  parts  of  Snowdon.  In  1305  appointed  to 
receive  and  answer  all  petitions  presented  by  the 
people  of  Gascony  in  the  parliament  at  Westminster 
which  could  be  answered  without  reference  to  the 
King. 


Authorities.  —  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  356;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  768/7;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  66l  ;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  149;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  Uritish 
Museum,  10,588. 


102 


WALTER  DE   TEYE. 


Walter  &e  Cepe. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARV    1298-9  TO   26  AUGUST    1307. 

SEAL,  1301. — On  a  fess  between  two  chevronels  three  pierced  mullets.     The  shield  decorated 
on  either  side  by  a  wingless  wyvern,  with  floreated  tail. 

IS'  WALTERI  :  D€  :  T€Y€  :  DNI  :  D€  :  ST€YNGR€YV€  :]    See  page  xxxiij. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — On  a  shield  the  arms  as  in  the  seal  encircled  with  the  legend 

SIGILL  :  WALT€RI  :  D€  :  T€Y€. 


CONSTANTLY  employed  in  the  Scottish  wars. 
V — /  Summoned  to  attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle, 
Berwick -upon-Tweed  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1 298- 
1322.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 
On  20  November  following  his  people  of  Westekere 
in  Eskdale  were  ordered  to  obey  Simon  de  Lindeseye, 
captain  of  Eskdale,  keeper  of  Berwick,  30  June  1300. 

Summoned  July  1297  by  special  writ  to  perform 
military  service  in  person  in  parts  beyond  the  seas  ; 
the  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  Though 
not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE 
STANDGREVE  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  shown.  He  was  probably  of 
Stangreve  or  Steyngreve  in  right  of  his  wife. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  with 
horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces  under  the  command 
of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland, 
who  was  defeated  at  Rosslyn  24  February  following. 


Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  ceremony 
of  the  King's  Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey 
25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 
Proffered  the  service  of  the  third  part  of  one  knight's 
fee  for  the  Barony  of  Bedford,  performed  by  one 
"  serviens  "  with  one  barded  horse,  and  to  muster  at 
Tweedmouth  19  September. 

Requested  28  May  1311  to  proceed  with  as  many 
followers  as  he  can  against  the  Scots,  who  were 
preparing  to  ravage  the  north.  Commanded 
4  January  1315  to  continue  stationed  in  the  marches 
for  the  defence  thereof  against  the  Scots.  Joint 
governor  of  the  city  of  York  with  Robert  de  Hasstang 
(page  161)  1317-18.  Empowered  16  December  1318 
to  raise  and  arm  all  the  men  and  tenants  on  his  lands 
beyond  the  Trent.  The  Scots  had  retaken  Berwick 
in  March,  and  in  May  had  invaded  and  burned  the 
northern  parts. 


W 'ALTER  DE   TEYE. 


103 


Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good  Peers" 
illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be 
held  at  Doncaster.  Empowered  6  February  follow- 
ing to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers 
as  he  can,  and  to  muster  at  Coventry  (28th)  to  oppose 
the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster. 
The  battle  ot  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March. 


Included  24  July  1322  as  Banneret  or  Knight,  in  the 
general  summons  to  attend  the  Great  Council  at 
Westminster,  May  or  June  1324,  in  which  year  he 
died. 


Authorities. — Nicolas'  Synopsis,  77O«  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,86l  ;  II.  div.  3,  1493  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Archa-ologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  218,  219;  Scotland  in  1298,  Kalkirk,  151. 


104 


WALTER  DE  BEAUCHAMI\   OF  ALCESTER. 


OHalter  ue  Beaudbamp,  of  aicester. 

NEVER  SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  fess  between  six  martlets  ;  the  shield  between  three  lyons  of  England,  "in 
allusion  to  his  stewardship  of  the  household,"  temp.  E.  I.  ;  but  see  also  counter  seal  of  Eustace  de 
Hacche,  page  109. 

....  ALT€ €LLO    CAMPO  :  D.* 

COUNTER  SEAL.— Arms  as  in  the  obverse. 
+  S'  WALT'I  :  D€  :  B€LLO  CAMPO. 


\  T  J ALTER  UE  BEAUCHAMP,  of  Alcester,  by 
VV  purchase  (a  moiety)  56  Hen.  III.  1272,  a 
younger  son  of  William  Beauchamp,  5th  feudal  baron 
of  Elmley 

He  was  one  of  those  Knights  who  performed  part 
of  the  military  service  due  from  W.  de  Bellocampo, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  in  the  first  expedition  against 
Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  muster  before  the 
Constable  (page  n)and  Earl  Marshal  (page  15),  at 
Worcester  July  1277. 

Ordered  18  October  1294  to  relieve  the  Castle  ot 


Puis  i  ot  Wallers  de  Beauchamp 
Sis  merlos  de  or  el  rouge  champ, 
O  une  feffe  en  lieu  de  dance. 
Chivallier,  felon  ma  evidance, 
Uns  des  mellours  fuft  entre  touz, 
Se  il  ne  fuft  trop  fiers  e  eftouz, 
Mes  vous  ne  ourez  parler  james 
De  fenefcal  ki  ne  ait  une  mes. 


Bere,  and  in  case  of  failure  to  join  the  forces  at 
Chester.  Paymaster  (3  October  1295)  of  the  military 
tenants  serving  in  Gascony  under  Edmund,  Earl  of 
Lancaster.  Constable  of  Gloucester  Castle  1297. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  fought  at  the  battle 
of  Falkirk  22  July  1298.  Summoned  as  a  baron  to 
perform  military  service  in  person  against  the  Scots, 
to  muster  at  Carlisle  June  1297  and  again  June  1300. 
One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  u  July 
following. 


Next,  Walter  de  Beauchamp  bore  there, 
Six  martlets  of  gold  in  a  red  field, 
With  a  fess  instead  of  a  dancette. 
A  knight,  according  to  my  opinion, 
One  of  the  best  among  them  all, 
If  he  had  not  been  too  rash  and  daring  ; 
But  you  will  never  hear  anyone  speak 
Of  the  Seneschal  but  there  is  a  but. 


DM  I    :     D€    :    ALC€STR€    according  to  Lancaster  Herald,  page  xxxiij. 


WALTER   HE   nEAUCHAMP,   OF  ALCESTER. 


105 


In  28  Ed.  I.  1300  he  obtained  a  grant  of  free 
warren  in  all  his  demesne  lands  at  Alcester,  in  War- 
wickshire, and  also  at  Powyck,  in  Gloucestershire. 
Strwardof  the  King's  household  1296,  1300  and  1302. 

Although  he  was  not  summoned  to  the  parliament 
of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13  20  January  1300,  he  joined 
as  WALT'US  DE  BELLOCAMPO,  D'N'S.  AI.ECESTR,'  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England.  He  died  14  Cal  Martij 
(16  February)  31  Ed.  I.  130!}. 

By  writ  at  Lanercost  18  October  1306  it  was 
ordered  that  his  son's  (Walter)  lands,  goods  and 
chattels  in  the  county  of  Worcester  be  seised  at  the 


King's  hands  and  his  body  to  be  arrested,  he  having 
absented  himself  from  the  King's  army  in  Scotland 
without  licence.  On  23  January  following  the 
escheator  was  ordered  to  restore  his  lands  to  him. 
He  served  at  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge  1 7  March 
1321-2.  Styled  Marescallus  Regis  ;  when  Stephen 
Segrave,  constable  of  the  Tower,  was  committed  to 
his  custody  November  1323,  styled  Marescallus 
Hospicij  1324. — Parliamentary  Writs,  iv.,  515. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  353-6  ; 
Nicolas'  Synopsis,  76;«;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  459  ;  Archa.-o- 
logia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  221  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  149 ; 
Roll  of  Caerlavcrock,  ed.  Wright,  13;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue 
of  Seals,  British  Museum,  7,271. 


io6 


ALAN  LA   ZOUCHE. 


2Uan  la 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO   26   NOVEMBER    1313. 

SEAL,  1301.— Ten  roundles  pileways  4,  3,  2,  i.  The  shield,  which  is  suspended  over  the 
neck  of  a  demy  lyon  rampant,  is  enclosed  by  a  cordon  of  lyoncelles  passant,  in  allusion  to  the 
arms  of  Ella,  his  mother,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Stephen  de  Longespee,  justiciary  of  Ireland 
temp.  Hen.  III. 

^    SIGILLVM  :  ALANI  :  LA  :  SOVCH€. 


ALAN  LA  ZOUCHE,  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouche, 
in  Leicestershire,  and  North  Molton,  Devon, 
held  lands  also  in  Ireland  and  in  several  other  English 
counties.  Served  heir  to  his  grandmother  Elena 
(de  Quincy)  in  her  Scottish  estates  ;  his  lands  of  Dreg- 
horn  and  Irvine,  in  Ayrshire-,  were  taken  into  the 
King's  hands,  as  he  had  neglected  to  do  military 
service,  but  were  restored  2  February  1300-1. 

Excepted  14  June  1294  from  the  general  sum- 
mons to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gas- 
cony.  Summoned  by  special  writ  July  1297  to  serve 
in  person  in  parts  beyond  the  seas;  to  muster  at 


Sandwich  in  November  and  December  for  service  in 
Flanders.  The  King  had  embarked  22  August. 
Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
Council  at  Rochester  in  September  and  to  another 
Council  or  parliament  30  September  1297,  before 
Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Newcastle  -  upon  -  Tyne,  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick  -  upon  -  Tweed,  and  at  Roxburgh  across  the 
border  1297-1314.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298.  One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 


Aleyn  de  la  Souche  trefor 
Signefiot,  ke  fust  brifans 
Sa  rouge  baniere  o  befans  ; 
Kar  bien  fai  ke  il  a  defpendu 
Trefour  plus  ke  en  bourfe  pendu. 


Alan  de  la  Zouche  treasure 

Signified,  which  sprinkled 

His  red  banner  with  besants  ; 

For  I  know  well  that  he  has  spent 

More  treasure  than  he  has  suspended  in  his  purse. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  ASHEBY  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Febru- 
ary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown.  Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend 
the  King's  Coronation  25  February  1308. 

Proffered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  and  a 
half,  performed  by  three  "  servientes  "  with  three 


barded  horses,  to  muster  at  Biker  28  October  1310. 
In  1311-12  governor  of  Rockingham  Castle  and 
steward  of  the  forest  of  Rockingham.  Dead  before 
27  August  1314. 


Authorities.—  -Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  916;  II.  div.  3, 
1646;  C.S.D.  ;  Archseologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  210;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkland,  133  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ect.  Wright,  22  ; 
Dr.  Kirch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  14,677. 


CORD   XVI. 

(33)  Eustace,  Xor£>  of  Ibaccbc. 

(32)  William  flbartfn,  Oloro  of  Ikemeps. 

(30)  3obn,  Xoro  of  Seorave. 

(35)  William  oe  jfcrrcrs,  Xort»  of  <5rob^. 

(34)  iRobcrt  be  (Tonp,  TLorb  of  HDaub's  Caetlc. 


€u0tace   De   foacclic. 

Sb'V 

• 

sprigs  fructed  with  t. 

&    SIGILLVM     6VSTACHII      D€ 


'..  —  The  engrailcil 
i  that  of  VValtc-r  cie  Heauchamp,  pa-c  . 


S'  6VSTACHII      Cf 


E 


obtained  a  chari 
lands  at  Hac< 

and  i 

1  equis  et  arm: 

• 

ilic. 
Jau  s  rouge  en 

• 

Sllll    : 

joine<. 

• 


EUSTACE    />/•    HACCHE. 


109 


Custace  tie 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   22  JANUARY    1304-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  cross  engrailed  ;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough,  and  between 
two  sprigs  fructed  with  trefoyles. 

9!    SIGILLVM  :  €VSTACHII  :  D€  :  HACCH6. 

COUNTER    SEAL. — The  engrailed  cross,  the  shield  between  three  lyons  passant  guardant 
as  in  that  of  Walter  de  Beauchamp,  page  104. 

«    S'  6VSTACHII  :  D€  *  :  HACH€. 


EUSTACE  DE  HACCHE  appears,  so  it  is  said, 
in  the  capacity  of  a  menial  servant  in  the 
King's  household  7  Ed.  I.,  1279,  at  which  time  he 
obtained  a  charter  of  free  warren  for  all  his  demesne 
lands  at  Hacche,  in  Wiltshire,  and  at  Morton- Marhull 
and  Cestreton,  in  Warwickshire. 

Governor  of  Portsmouth  1294,  and  accompanied 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster  in  the  expedition  into  (iascony. 
Summoned  equis  et  armis  to  serve  in  parts  beyond  the 
seas,  to  muster  at  London  July  1297.  In  this  year 


he  had  a  further  summons  to  attend  the  King  at 
Carlisle,  thence  to  proceed  against  Robert  Bruce,  who 
had  assumed  the  sovereignty  of  Scotland. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York  and  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed  1299-1305  ;  fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298,  where  his  charger,  a  bay  with  a  white 
hind  foot,  was  killed.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Baniere  bel  apparellie, 
Jaune  o  crois  rouge  engreelie, 
La  Eustace  de  Hache  eftoit. 


A  banner  well  ornamented, 
Yellow  with  a  red  cross  engrailed, 
Was  that  of  Eustace  de  Hache. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  DVs.  DE  HACCH'  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 
*  Dela  Hacche  according  to  Lancaster  Herald,  see  page  xxxiv. 


A   gentleman-at-arms    of  "  Madame  la   Reyne ' 
i  February  1303-4.     Died  1306. 


Parliamentary  Writ's,  I.,  652;  C.S.D.  ;  Scot- 
land in  1298,  Falkirk,  147  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  e<t.  Wright, 
14  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,340. 


no 


WILLIAM  MARTIN. 


CSJtlltam 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   2^   JUNE    1295    -IO   6   MAY    1325. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  bars  -the  legend  within  a  wavy  ornamental  border. 

>fc  S'  WILL'I    MARTINI  % 


WILLIAM  MARTIN,  of  Kemeys,   co.  Pem- 
broke,    and    of     Barnstaple,     in      Devon 
(/  Nicholas),  succeeded  to  the  lands  of  Nicholas,  his 
grandfather,  in  1282. 

Summoned  to  serve  in  West  Wales,  to  attend  the 
musters  at  Carmarthen  in  December  1282  and  in  May 
1283.  Summoned  also  to  the  parliament  at  Shrews- 
bury 30  September  following  for  the  trial  of  David, 
brother  of  Lewelin;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the 
misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin.  Enjoined 
14  November  1287  to  reside  on  his  demesnes  and 
lordships  until  the  rebellion  of  Resus  filius  Mereduci 
(Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap  Meredyth)  should  be  put 
down,  and  again  30  November  1288  for  the  purpose 
of  defending  them  against  Resus. 

Summoned  to  serve  in  Gascony,  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Plymouth  November  1295,  and  to  serve 
in  parts  beyond  the  seas  July  1 297 ;  the  King  embarked 
for  Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1298-1322.  Fought 
at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  CAMESIO  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Febru- 
ary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Appointed  in  1305  to  treat  with  the  Scottish 
representatives  concerning  the  government  of  the 
land.  Excused  from  attendance  in  Parliament  1307, 
as  a  justice  of  Trailbaston.* 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

Required  5  August  1309  (and  again  in  1310)  to 
raise  200  soldiers  from  his  lordships  of  Kemmeys 
and  Denet.  One  of  the  fifteen  "  Ordainers  "  chosen 
by  the  Committee  of  six,  sworn  with  the  others  in 

*  At  the  close  of  Edward's  reign  lawless  bands  of  "  trail- 
bastons,"  or  club  men,  maintained  themselves  by  general 
outrage,  aided  the  country  nobles  in  their  feuds,  and  wrested 
money  and  goods  by  threats  from  the  great  tradesmen.  —  Green. 


the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310.  Earnestly 
requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  was  in- 
formed June  1318  of  the  revocation  of  the  summons 
for  the  meeting  of  parliament  by  reason  of  the  invasion 
of  the  Scots.  One  of  the  auditors  of  petitions  from 
Gascony,  Ireland,  and  the  Norman  isles  in  the 
parliament  at  Westminster  October  1320. 

Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing the  meeting  of  the  "Good  Peers"  illegally  con- 
vened by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 
Enjoined  6  February  following  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can  ;  and  to  muster 
at  Coventry  on  the  28th  to  march  against  the  rebels 
or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle 
of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March  1322. 

Commanded  27  November  1322  to  assemble  as 
many  men-at-arms  as  he  can  over  and  above  his 
usual  train  and  to  be  ready  to  proceed  against  the 
Scots  in  case  of  invasion.  On  10  December  follow- 
ing ordered  to  march  to  York  at  the  head  of  his  men- 
at-arms  ;  18  April  1323  commanded  to  provide  pack- 
saddles  for  the  army  should  it  be  decided  to  dispense 
with  the  wagon  train. 

One  of  the  Commanders  appointed  23  July  1324 
to  defend  the  sea  shores  in  the  Counties  of  Cornwall 
and  Devon  ;  sworn  as  keeper  by  the  Bishop  of  Exeter 
4  August.  On  the  same  day  he  was  commanded  to 
hold  himself  in  readiness  to  perform  military  service 
in  person  for  the  defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine 
when  he  shall  be  summoned  ;  and  also  to  raise  all  the 
forces  that  he  can  in  addition  to  his  contingent  due 
by  tenure. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at  Wryttele 
8  October  13  Ed.  II.  ;  his  son  William  performed 
homage  and  obtained  livery  of  his  lands  1  1  November 
following. 


W.—  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  729  ;  II.  div.  3, 
1149;  Archa-ologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  221;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  141  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  1  1  ,652. 


JOHN  DE  SEGRAVE. 


in 


De 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   26  AUGUST    I2p6  TO  6  MAY    1325. 

SEAL,  1301.— A  lyon  rampant  crowned.  The  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough; 
on  either  side  a  garb,  in  allusion  to  the  arms  originally  borne  by  his  father  and  brothers  Geoffrey 
and  Gilbert.  See  "  Some  Feudal  Coats  of  Arms." 

S'  IOH'18  :  D€  :  S€GRAV€. 


JOHN,  2nd  Baron  (son  of  Nicholas),  did  homage 
and  obtained  livery  of  his  lands  10  December 
24  Ed.  I.  Acknowledged  the  service  of  one 
knight's  fee  in  Scottesden  (jure  uxoris),  performed  by 
himself  and  one  "serviens,"  in  the  first  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  muster  at 
Worcester  July  1277.  Summoned  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Rhuddlan  August  1282  in  the  second 
Welsh  invasion.  On  the  King's  service  in  Ireland 
1287  and  in  Scotland  1291. 

Summoned  to  parliament  at  Bury  St.  Edmund's 
November  1296  and  at  Salisbury  24  February  1297, 
as  also  in  September  following  to  two  military  Councils 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in 
England. 

Attached  himself  to  the  Earls  of  Norfolk  and 
Hereford  on  the  historic  occasion  when  they  refused 


O  un  lyoun  de  argent  en  sable 
Rampant,  e  de  or  fin  couronne, 
Fu  la  baner  del  ainfne. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  SEG'AVK  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

Lieutenant  of  the  Earl  Marshal  in  the  Scottish 
wars  1300-1301  ;  on  30  October  1300  he  was 
ordered  in  this  capacity  to  provide  Roxburgh,  Edin- 
burgh, Linlithgow,  Stirling,  and  Kirkintilloch  (Kirken- 
tolawe)  with  men  and  victuals  and  to  see  that  the 
castellans  of  these  places  attack  the  enemy  with  all 
force  and  make  no  truce  under  pain  of  forfeiture. 
Warden  of  Berwick  Castle  5  August.  Agreed  Septem- 
ber 1302  with  others  to  make  forays  from  Berwick 


to  serve  in  Gascony  unaccompanied  by  Edward. 
Attended  by  proxy  (on  the  plea  of  sickness)  the 
muster  for  service  with  the  King  beyond  sea  at 
London  i  July  1297.  The  King  embarked  22  August. 
Summoned  to  serve  in  Flanders  in  November  following. 
Covenanted  with  the  marshal  to  serve  with  five  other 
knights  in  war  and  in  peace  for  the  rest  of  his  life  in 
England,  Wales,  and  Scotland,  for  pay  and  lands  ; 
obtained  a  grant  of  the  Earl's  manor  of  Ledene,  in 
Norfolk. 

Received  letters  of  protection  28  December  1297, 
served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle, York, 
Berwick-upon -Tweed,  at  Roxburgh,  across  the  border, 
1297-1322.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298.  Governor  of  Berwick,  and  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Sable  with  a  silver  lyon 

Rampant,  crowned  with  fine  gold, 

Was  the  banner  of  the  eldest  (see  p.  190). 


when  necessary  with  thirty  men-at-arms.  On  the 
29th  the  foray  is  ordered  to  be  made  by  Stirling  and 
Kirkintilloch.  Captain  of  Northumberland  10  Decem- 
ber 1302  ;  warden  (absent  with  the  King)  14  June 
1303.  In  this  year  the  King  expressly  charged  him 
with  Clifford  and  Latymer  on  their  allegiance,  with 
instructions  as  to  a  "  chivauchee  "  from  Dunfermline 
across  Forth  to  the  Torres. 

On  the  first  Sunday  in  Lent  1303  he  (with  one  of 
his  detachments)  was  surprised  by  the  Scots,  wounded 
and  captured  with  twenty  other  knights;  he  was, 
however,  speedily  rescued,  as  another  of  his  detach- 
ments appeared  on  the  scene. 

Had  licence  (1301)  to  crenellate  his  manor  house 
of  Bratteby,  co.  Derby,  and  in  1306  to  fortify  his 


112 


JOHN  DE  SEGRA  VE. 


manor  house  at  Caludon,  in  Warwickshire,  with  a 
moat  and  embattlements. 

Warden  of  Lothian  and  guardian  south  of  Forth 
1304,  King's  lieutenant  in  or  warden  of  Scotland 
1302-5.  Served  at  the  second  siege  and  surrender  of 
Stirling  20  July  1304.  Published  the  prorogation  of 
parliament  24  May  1305.  Escorted  Wallace  a 
prisoner  to  London ;  chief  justiciar  for  his  trial 
22  August. 

Governor  of  Nottingham  Castle  (attacked  and 
besieged  by  the  towns-people  April  1315)  and  justice 
of  the  Forests  citra  Trentam  1307-10  and  1312. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  at  Westminster  25  February  1307-8. 

Commanded  6  October  1309  to  arrest  the 
Templars  in  Scotland  who  were  still  at  large.  On 
the  26th  all  the  King's  lieges  and  others  of  the 
County  of  Northumberland  were  required  to  assist  him. 
Gustos  or  warden  on  either  side  of  the  Forth  1309, 
reappointed  10  April  1310  with  100  men-at-arms, 
his  headquarters  to  be  at  Berwick  till  Michaelmas  next, 
doing  all  the  injury  he  can  to  the  enemy.  Appointed 
warden  of  Annandale  and  the  valleys  and  land  around 
for  a  year  from  28  October  with  60  men-at-arms. 

By  writ  tested  at  Biker  i  October  1310  he 
surrendered  up  his  justiciarship  of  the  forests  citra 
Trentam  and  was  commanded  to  deliver  up  all  rolls, 
memoranda,  &c.,  to  Gaveston,  Earl  of  Cornwall ; 
incensed  by  this  deprivation  he  joined  the  Barons. 
Commanded  15  June  1311  to  abstain  from  repairing 
to  Norwich  for  the  purpose  of  taking  a  part  in  the 
quarrel  between  Henry  de  Segrave  and  Walter  de 
Bernyngham.  Taken  prisoner  at  Bothwell  Castle 
after  the  battle  of  Bannockburn  1314,  and  so  remained 
until  about  20  November,  when  Thomas  de  Morram, 
a  prisoner  in  the  Tower,  was  ordered  to  be  exchanged 
for  him. 

"  Gustos  "  of  the  marches  of  Cumberland,  August 
1313.  Amoved  February  1315  from  the  office  of 
"  Gustos  "  of  the  forests  ultra  Trentam,  and  ordered  to 
deliver  the  rolls  to  the  Earl  of  Angus.  Accused  by 
popular  clamour  of  various  acts  of  oppression  and 
extortion  8  Ed.  II. 

The  King  granted  to  Cristina,  wife  of  Segrave, 
the  scutage  due  31  Ed.  I.  for  the  knight's  fees  held 
by  her  inheritance  (Scottesden)  in  consideration  of 
the  great  hardships  she  suffered  in  Scotland  while 
her  husband  was  in  the  King's  service. 

"Custos"  of  Derby  Castle  1315.  Requested 
30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed  in  the  northern 
parts  during  the  winter  campaign.  As  one  of  the 
"  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed  that  the  summons 
for  the  meeting  of  parliament  is  revoked  June  1318 
by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots.  One  of  the 
members  of  the  Extraordinary  Council  appointed  to 


be  constantly  about  the  person  of  the  King  9  August 
1318. 

Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  refrain  from  attend- 
ing any  illegal  or  treasonable  convention;  21  April 
to  co-operate  in  appeasing  the  disturbances  and 
12  November,  to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting 
of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Uoncaster.  The  battle 
of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March  1321-2. 
Ordered  i  May  1322  to  arm  and  array  the  men  and 
tenants  of  his  lands  beyond  the  Trent. 

One  of  the  justices  18  May  1322  for  trying 
certain  townsmen  of  Cambridge  charged  with  having 
joined  the  great  riot  against  the  masters  and  scholars 
of  the  University.  Scotland  was  invaded  12  August. 

Empowered  31  October  1322  to  proceed  from 
township  to  township  in  the  counties  of  Nottingham 
and  Derby  (the  Wapentake  of  Newark  only  excepted) 
to  raise  and  arm  the  inhabitants.  On  27  November 
commanded  to  assemble  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he 
can,  and  10  December  to  march  to  York  at  their 
head.  On  21  February  following  (1323)  he  was  com- 
manded to  march  these  levies  to  Chesterfield  to 
resist  the  Scots.  In  this  very  month  and  in  March 
he  is  further  summoned  to  serve  against  the  Scots, 
and  also  commanded  to  raise  as  many  men  at-arms 
as  he  can  over  and  above  his  contingent  due  by 
tenure,  and  to  muster  at  York  and  Newcastle.  On 
1 8  April  he  was  ordered  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the 
army  in  case  it  was  decided  to  dispense  with  wagon 
train. 

Became  security  for  his  son  Stephen,  Constable  of 
the  Tower,  who  had  been  arraigned  for  misdemeanour 
in  negligently  permitting  the  escape  of  Mortimer 
(page  89) ;  both  became  bound  for  the  payment  of  a 
fine  of  10,000  marks  to  the  King. 

Commanded  4  August  1324  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  to  perform  military  service  in  person  for  the 
defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine,  &c.,  and  also  to 
raise  all  the  forces  that  he  can  in  addition  to  his 
contingent  due  by  tenure.  Summoned  21  November 
following  to  serve  in  person  in  Gascony  and  to 
muster  at  Portsmouth  17  March  1324-5,  prorogued 
to  17  May  and  then  to  2  August,  but  finally  discharged 
therefrom  on  10  July;  probably  because  he  had  been 
appointed  1 6  July  1324  joint  captain  with  Fulk  Fitz- 
Warine  of  the  forces  going  to  Gascony,  under  Edmund 
of  Woodstock,  Earl  of  Kent,  1324  ;  said  to  have  died 
in  Aquitaine  the  following  year. 

Writ  of  diem  dausit  extremum  tested  at  Grensted 
4  October,  19  Ed.  II.,  1325. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary    Writs,    I.,   831  ;    II.   div.  3, 

1413;  C.S.D.  ;    Archceologia,   xxi.,  pt.   I,   211;    Scotland  in 

1298,   Falkirk,   133;    Roll    of   Caerlaverock,    ed.    Wright,  5; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  13,396. 


WILJ.IAM  DE  FERRERS. 


"3 


tie  jferrer0<r 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  (DE   FERRARIIS)   26    SEPTEMBER     1300  TO    2O  FEBRUARY    1324-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — The  DE  QUINCI  mascles ;  the  shield,  on  the  breast  of  a  double-headed  eagle, 
within  a  pointed  Gothic  quatrefoyle. 

ft    SIGILL'  :  WILL'I  :  D6  :  F6RARIIS. 


WILLIAM  FERRERS,  of  Groby,  in  Leicester- 
shire (fit  William,  writ  of  diem  clausit  extre- 
mum  20  December,  16  Ed.  I.,  1287;  /.2  William, 
Earl  of  Derby),  was  eighteen  years  of  age  at  his  father's 
death  ;  did  homage  and  had  livery  of  his  lands  in 
England  17  March  1292,  and  of  those  in  Scotland 

1295- 

Summoned  to  perform  military  service  in  Gascony, 
and  to  attend  the  muster  at  Portsmouth,  September 
1294.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury 
24  February  1297.  Letters  of  "credence"  were 
addressed  to  him  as  a  Scottish  baron  concerning 


military  service  to  be  performed  in  parts  beyond  the 
seas,  and  to  muster  at  London  July  1297.  To 
muster  at  Sandwich  December  1297  for  service  in 
Flanders.  The  King  had  embarked  22  August. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Newcastle  -  upon -Tyne,  York,  Carlisle, 
and  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1322.  Fought, 
as  one  of  Sir  Hugh  le  Despencer's  knights,  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  when  he  had  a  black 
charger  with  a  star  on  his  forehead  and  three  white 
feet,  valued  at  70  marks.  He  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Guillemes  de  Ferieres  bel 

E  noblement  i  fu  remez 

De  armes  vermeilles  ben  armes, 

O  mafcles  de  or  del  champ  voidies 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
GROBY  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

His  hereditary  lands  in  Galloway  were  ordered  to 
be  restored  2  February  1300  i  ;  lord  of  Leuchars 
1301.  His  lands  in  Dreghorn  were  taken  into  the 
King's  hands,  as  he  failed  to  render  his  military 
service. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308.  Earnestly  requested 
(2  August)  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  8  Septem- 
ber 13 10  and  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 
Made  a  settlement  of  Groby  19  January  1316-17,  on 
failure  of  heirs  of  his  body,  on  Sir  Murdoc  de 


William  de  Ferrers  was  finely 

And  nobly  accoutred, 

And  well  armed  in  red  arms, 

With  gold  mascles  voided  of  the  field. 


Mentethe.  As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  June 
1318  he  was  informed  of  the  revocation  of  the 
summons  for  the  meeting  of  parliament  by  reason  of 
the  invasion  of  the  Scots.  Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage 
12  October  1319. 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  appeas- 
ing disturbances,  and  ordered  12  November  following 
to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good 
Peers "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster, 
to  be  held  at  Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  1322 
to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he 
can  ;  on  the  following  day  was  ordered  by  commission 
to  raise  the  forces  of  the  Counties  of  Stafford,  Warwick, 
Leicester,  Rutland  and  Northampton  to  pursue 
and  arrest  insurgents,  and  the  next  day  (the  8th) 
he  was  further  empowered  to  raise  the  forces  of 
the  County  of  Northampton  for  the  purpose 
of  pursuing  the  King's  enemies ;  and  on  the  i4th  to 


U4 


WILLIAM  DE  FERRERS 


muster  at  Coventry  for  the  purpose  of  marching 
against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
I>ancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought 
21  March. 

In  order  to  oppose  the  Scots  he  was  commanded 
27  November  1322  to  assemble  as  many  men-at- 
arms  as  he  can  over  and  above  his  usual  train,  and 
(10  December)  to  march  at  their  head  to  York.  On 
23  February,  and  again  9  March  1323,  he  was 
ordered  to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  could  over 
and  above  his  contingent  due  by  tenure,  and  on 
1 8  April  he  was  commanded  to  provide  pack-saddles 
for  the  use  of  the  army  in  case  it  was  decided  to  dis- 
pense with  the  wagon  train. 


Returned  by  the  Sheriff  of  Leicestershire  to 
attend  the  Great  Council,  Westminster,  May  1324. 

Commanded  4  August  1324  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  for  the  defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine, 
and  on  21  December  to  perform  military  service  in 
person  in  Gascony ;  and  possibly  for  this  reason  he 
was  discharged  from  attendance  at  a  Great  Council  of 
the  "magnates,"  to  be  held  at  Westminster  14  April 
1325.  Escheat  18  Ed.  II.  (1324-5),  No.  75. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  596 ;  II.  cliv.  3, 
845;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  143;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  20 ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
Tiritish  Museum,  9,684. 


ROBERT  DE   TONY,  KNIGHT  OF   THE  SWAN. 


Robert  De  Conp,  I&mgftt  of  tlje 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT    IO  APRIL    1299  TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 

SEAL,*  1301. — A  maunch.     The  shield  within  a  panel  of  eight  points,  in  the  spaces  a  talbot 
and  a  swan  alternately. 


ROBERT  DE  TONI  succeeded  on  the  death  of 
his  father   Ralph   in  1294  to  lands  at  Flam- 
stead  in  Herts,    Kirtling  in  Cambridge,   and  Maud 
Castle  in  Colwent,  in  the  marches  of  Wales. 

By  writ  dated  at  Westminster  13  July  1297  he  was 
ordered  to  raise  100  men  from  the  lordships  of  Elvel, 
Ughmenith  and  Estmenith. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  in  1 298  asked  for 


protection  for  his  retinue,  viz.  John  Walewyn,  parson 
of  the  church  of  Little  Cressingham,  and  two  others 
going  with  him  ;  16  August  1301  he  received  a  cask 
of  red  wine  at  Ayr  from  Ireland.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1309.  Fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300. 


Blanche  cote  e  blanches  alectes, 
Efcu  blanc,  e  baniere  blanche, 
Portoit,  o  la  vermeille  manche, 
Robers  de  Tony,  ki  bien  figne 
Ke  il  eft  au  chevaler  au  cigne. 


A  white  surcoat  and  white  alettes  ; 

A  white  shield  and  a  white  banner 

Bore,  with  a  red  maunch, 

Robert  de  Tony,  who  well  evinces 

That  he  is  descended  from  the  Knight  of  the  Swan. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  CASTRO  MATILL  in 
the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope,  12  February  1300-1, 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part 
of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

By  writ  dated  at  Lanercost  18  October  1306  his 
lands,  goods  and  chattels  in  the  Counties  of  Worcester, 

*  The  legend  is  here  photographically  enlarged.  This  is 
one  of  the  few  Barons'  seals  unnoticed  in  the  British  Museum 
catalogue,  a  catalogue  on  which  the  Editor  of  the  Ancestor  has 
hitherto  relied  absolutely ;  this  may  be  safely  inferred  not  only 
by  the  general  avoidance  of  error,  but  by  the  great  care  he 
takes  in  naming  the  few  slips  of  the  catalogue,  as  his  meed 
of  gratitude.  In  lieu  of  the  simple  floreated  characters  of 
the  legend,  "Chevaler  al  Cing,"  he  all  too  cleverly  suggests 
" Chevaler  al  Mire !"  (Ancestor,  part  7,  p.  250),  in  illustration, 
as  it  were,  of  the  ancient  truism,  "  it  must  be  a  dirty  bird  that 
fouls  its  own  nest  "  ;  see  also  notes  to  Tregoz,  p.  155  ;  Hastang, 
p.  161  ;  and  Nic.  de  Segrave,  p.  189.— J.F. 


Essex,  Hertford,  Middlesex,  Cambridge,  Huntingdon, 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  and  Hereford  and  Gloucester 
were  ordered  to  be  seised  at  the  King's  hands  and  his 
body  to  be  arrested  in  consequence  of  his  having 
absented  himself  from  the  King's  army  in  Scotland 
without  licence:  In  1308  he  was  sufficiently  restored 
to  Court  favour  to  be  summoned  (18  January)  to 
attend  the  King's  Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey. 
His  name  appears  among  those  who  jousted  at  the 
first  1  )unstable  tournament  in  that  year. 

On  3  June  1309  he  "goes  by  the  King's  leave  to 
serve  God  against  the  Sarazyns  "  in  Spain. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at  La  Grove 
28  November,  3  Ed.  II.  (Esc.  No.  33),  1309. 


Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  862;  It.  div.  3, 
1498;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Kalkirk,  145;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  id.  Wright,  18. 


CORD  XVII. 

(37)  aoam,  Xoro  of  Mellea. 

(38)  Gilbert  oc  Ipccchc,  Xor&  of 


&Dam  &e 


: 

bough,  oi> 

SIliGltLJLVM  :  DlOMINI     A  D€     DC  :  W;€L  L€. 

COUNT*  •.     lyon   in     11: 

with  a  wing!' 

-SIGILLVM  :  AD€  :  D€     W€LL€. 


DAM    1)1 

lev. 

in  the    r- 


A; 


!el-  -i    to 

to  ha('c  -i.-r-    at 

• 

• 
' 
for  Flanders   • 

• 


1  double 

.In,  St.  1 1 

i   part  as  on  the 
attached 


part  of  tl, 


-Af,  with 
•om- 
it in 

'  '3<;;  -i.o!  land  with 


ant, 

• 


jvell 

10. 
ing's 
ry 


ADAM  DE    WELLES. 


119 


DC 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6  FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  lyon  rampant   queue   fourchee;   the   shield  suspended  from    a   trifurcated 
bough,  on  either  side  a  floreated  sprig. 

+     S[I]GI[L]LVM  :  DtOMINI  :  AJD€  :  D€  :  Wt€L]L€. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A    lyon  in    miniature  as  the   seal,    each   side  of  the    shield    decorated 
with  a  wingless  wyvern. 

SIGILLVM  :  AD€  :  D€  :  W€LL€. 


ADAM  DE  WELLES,  of  "Welle  Parke,"  Hel- 
lowe,  Grimsby,  &c.,  co.  Lincoln,  said  to  have 
been  in  the  retinue  of  Hugh  le  Despencer  in  the 
Gascon  wars,  1294.  Summoned  to  perform  military 
service  in  person  in  parts  beyond  the  seas,  and  to 
muster  at  London  July  1297.  The  King  embarked 
for  Flanders  22  August.  Constable  of  Rockingham 
Castle  and  Warden  of  the  Forest  1299. 

Adam  de  Welle  la  portoit 
Jaune,  o  un  noir  lyoun  rampant, 
Dont  la  coue  en  double  fe  efpant. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  WELLE  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself,  with 
horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces,  under  the  com- 
mand of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in 
Scotland  ;  defeated  at  Rosslyn  24  February.  Com- 
manded 18  October  1307  to  repair  to  Scotland  with 


Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1310. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 
Among  the  knights  appointed  January  1300  to  raise 
the  Lincolnshire  tenants  of  the  Crown.  One  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July. 


Adam  de  Welles  bore 
Gold,  a  black  lyon  rampant, 
Whose  tail  spread  itself  into  two. 


all  his  forces  for  the  defence  of  the  country  as  well 
of  his  own  possessions.  Earnestly  requested  (2  August) 
to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February  1308  ; 
died  September  1311. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  899;  II.  div.  3, 
1597;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  145;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
ed.  Wright,  14  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  14,335- 


120 


GILBERT  DE  PECCHE. 


Gilbert  ae 

SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT  29  DECEMBER  1299  TO   3    NOVEMBER    1306   AND  14  MARCH  1321-2. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  fess  between  two  chevrons;  the  shield,  suspended  from  a trifurcated  bough 
and  decorated  on  the  exterior  by  two  wingless  wyverns. 

^    SIGILLtVIM  :  GILB€RTI  :  P€CH€    & 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A  diminutive  of  the  seal. 
S'  GIL€B€RTI  :  P€CH€. 


ILBERT  PECHE,  of  Brunne,  in  co.  Cambridge, 
\_J  and  of  Poslingworth  and  Great  Thurlow,  in 
Suffolk,  was  third  son  of  another  (Sir)  Gilbert. 

Excepted  14  June  1294  from  the  general  sum- 
mons to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 
Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
1299-1322.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  CORBY  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  ( 1 2  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

Commanded  18  October  1307  to  repair  to  Scot- 
land with  all  his  forces,  as  well  for  the  defence  of  the 
country  in  general  as  of  his  own  possessions  in 


particular;  thanked  20  May  1308  for  his  fidelity, 
and  requested  to  continue  stationed  in  the  garrison 
in  which  he  then  was.  His  name  appears  among 
those  who  jousted  at  the  first  Dunstable  tournament, 
1308. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September  1310,  and  28  May 
following  to  proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as  many 
followers  as  he  can  raise.  Taken  prisoner  at  Bannock- 
burn  1314. 

Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers"  illegally 
convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster,  to  be  held  at 
Doncaster.  He  died  in  1322. 


Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  773  ;  II.  div.  3,  1267  ; 
C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  '  Falkirk,  146  ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  12,430. 


CORD    XVIII. 


TOlltam  pa^ncl,  Xoro  of  Jfraqwton. 

(  This  i'ayiul  Seal  is  doubtfully  placed.  ) 


(TO)  Simon,  Xoro  of  fbontacute. 


,  Xort>  of 


9)  peter 


annuitant 


t  martlet  ;   borclur> 

decoratively 


>zcnec 


oval  r 


WII.1 
hoi- 
Sui 
the    Kin: 

ice    in     : 

yugust. 

attend    mi 

• 

Thoi:   . 


slid  ' 

of  th 
must. 


SIGILLVM  :  WIL6LMI  :  PAYN€L 

th  indication 
A  m;i 

-     CO  .  €S  :  M'VCL  :  AMI  :  L€L. 


•f   an    antique 
ther. 


i  the  part 
attached  !. 


'imm 
ofth 

.'5  I 


- 

andlieir 

him  by  v 

oL  I.,  p    , 
He  died  s.p.  \  April    t.;  'ausit 


1    v.  it! 
Ic   Furnivall  ti. 


III.  or  Kd.    I 


\A.    I, 


SSK    WILLIAM  PAYNELL. 


123 


L 


SKKilltam 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT    12   NOVEMBER    1303   TO  6  OCTOBER    1315. 

SEAL,  1 301. — Two  bars  between  eight  martlets,  "  in  manner  of  bordure  assis  "  ;  *  the  lozenge 
decoratively  enclosed  by  four  wingless  wyverns. 

%    SIGILLVM  :  WIL6LMI  :  PAYNCL. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A   small  oval,  with  indication  of  a  handle.      Impression  of  an   antique 
oval  intaglio  gem.     A  male  figure,  holding  a  thyrsus  in  one  hand  and  ....  in  the  other. 

+     CO  :  €S  :  M'V€L  :  AMI  :  L€L. 


WILLIAM  PAYNEL,of  Fracington,  in  Sussex. 
He  was  enrolled  in  1296  as  a  knight 
holding  lands  within  the  Rape  of  Chichester,  in  the 
County  of  Sussex,  but  non-resident  in  the  county. 
Summoned  September  1297  to  appear  equis  et  armis 
at  a  military  Council  at  Rochester  before  Edward, 
the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England,  and  to 
muster  at  Sandwich  November  and  December  for 
service  in  Flanders;  the  King  had  embarked 

22   AugUSt. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  York,  at 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  Carlisle  December  1297 
to  October  1316. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he 
joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  FRACYNGTON  in  the  letter  ad- 
dressed to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as 
well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Com- 
munitas  "  of  England  and  attached  his  seal  as  here 
shown. 

He  and  his  consort  were  summoned  (8th  February) 
to  attend  the  ceremony  of  the  Coronation  in  the  train 
of  the  King  and  Queen  25  February  1307-8. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  of  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310, 


also  28  May  1311  to  proceed  against  the  Scots  with 
as  many  followers  as  he  can  raise.  The  battle  of 
Bannockburn  was  fought  24  June  1314.  He  was 
ordered  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed  in  the 
northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 

His  first  wife  appears  to  have  been  Margaret, 
wife  of  John  de  Camoys,  daughter  and  heir  of  William 
de  Gatesden.  She  was  released  to  him  by  written 
document  in  the  life  of  de  Camoys.  Dugdale's 
Baronage,  Vol..  I.,  p.  433. 

He  died  s.p.  i  April  1317.  Writ  of  diem  tlausit 
extremiini  tested  at  Clarindon  6  April  10  Ed.  II. — 
John  his  brother  and  heir. 


This  early  example  of  a  hatchment-shaped  shield 
may  be  compared  with  a  lo/.enge-shaped  seal  of 
Thomas  de  Furnivall  temp.  H.  III.  or  Ed.  I.,  see 
Additional  Charter,  8196  British  Museum,  or  Herald 
and  Genealogist  III.  334- 

•In  the  Nobility  Roll  of  l3lo("Some  Feudal  Coats. if  Ann- ") 
his  arms  are  given  as:  or,  a  maunch  vert.  See  also  John 
Paynel,  page  148. 

Authorities.-  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  77°":  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  769;  II.  div.  3,  1,255;  Arch.vologia,  \\i.,  pi.  I, 
222;  Ur.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  12,422. 

S 


124 


SIMON  DE  MONTE  ACUTO. 


A/ 


De 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   29   DECEMBER    1299   TO   6  OCTOBER    1315. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  fusils  conjoined.  Above  the  shield,  a  fortress  turreted,  masoned  and 
embattled.  On  each  side  thereof,  a  bird  perched  on  a  ragged  staff.  The  shield  flanked  by 
fantastic  grylle. 

&    S'  :  SIMONIS  :  DOMINI  :  D€  :  MONT€  :  ACVTO. 
COUNTER  SEAL. — On  a  small  rectangular  signet,  a  gryphon  segreant. 


SIMON  DE  MONT  ACUTE,  of  Shepton-Monta- 
cute,  Somerset  (/.  William),  served  in  the  first 
expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales  ;  for  the 
muster  at  Worcester  ]uly  1277  he  acknowledged  the 
service  of  one  knight's  fee  for  the  barony  of  "  Shepton 
Montis  Acuti,"  performed  by  himself  and  one 
"serviens."  Served  also  in  the  second  invasion  of 
Wales.  Ordered  in  August  1282  to  perform  service 
in  West  Wales  and  to  muster  at  Carmarthen  in 
December  1282  and  May  1283.  Summoned  to  the 
parliament  of  Shrewsbury  30  September  1283  for 
the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ 
(28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of 
Lewelin. 

Summoned  8  June   1294  with  about  sixty  other 

Mes  a  Symon  de  Montagu, 

Ke  avoit  baniere  e  efcu 

I  >e  inde,  au  grifoun  rampant  de  or  fin, 

Prenoit  la  tiers  efchiel  fin. 


"  magnates  "  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs, 
and  excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to 
serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  He 
is  said  to  have  broken  through  the  French  fleet 
blockading  Bordeaux  1296,  to  have  revictualled  the 
town,  and  raised  the  siege.  Governor  of  Corfe  Castle 
1298. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299-1317. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  the 
arms  assigned  to  him  by  the  Falkirk  Roll  being 
those  of  his  seal  and  counter  seal  quarterly,  one  of 
the  earliest  examples  of  a  quartered  coat.*  One  of 
the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 

But  with  Simon  de  Montagu, 

Who  had  a  banner  and  shield 

Blue,  with  a  gryphon  rampant  of  fine  gold, 

The  third  squadron  was  brought  to  a  close. 


'  On  the  other  hand  this  perhaps  too  early  example  of  a  quarterly  coat  might  afford  a  clue  to  the  true  date  of  the  Falkirk  Roll 
of  Arms. 


SIMON  DE  MONTE  ACUTO. 


'25 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13  20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DK  MONTH 
ACUTO  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  Ihc  part  of  the  "Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Captain  and  Governor  of  the  fleet  ordered  to  put 
down  the  rebels  lurking  in  Scotland  and  the  (Western) 
isles  between  Scotland  and  Ireland  30  January  1306  7, 
and  on  16  June  following  arranged  "to  maintain  a 
watch  against  the  rebel  Scots,  off  Canlyreand  the  isles, 
and  to  have  four  barges  constantly  on  duty  manned 
by  100  stout  men." 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  Coronation 
of  Edward  II.  25  February  1307-8. 

Governor  of  Beaumaris  Castle  1308.  One  of  the 
Judges  (15  May  1309)  to  try  persons  guilty  of  fore- 
stalling, &c.,  in  the  City  of  London. 


Admiral  of  the  King's  fleet  (1310)  employed  against 
the  Scots.  Earnestly  requested  (8  August)  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Berwick  8  September,  also  next  year 
(28  May  131 1)  to  proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as 
many  followers  as  he  can  raise.  On  30  August  1315 
he  was  ordered  to  continue  stationed  in  the  northern 
parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 

Had  licence  in  1313  to  castellate  his  manor  house 
of  Perlyngton,  in  Somersetshire,  and  was  on  2  April 
excepted  from  suits,  &c.,  incurred  by  his  loss  of  (the 
Isle  of)  Man.  He  died  in  1316. 


Authorities.— Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  355;  Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  742  ;  II.  div.  3, 1 182;  C.S.I).  ;  Arckcologia, 
xxi.,  216,  217  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  151  ;  Roll  of  Caer- 
laverock,  ed.  Wright,  17  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  11,851. 


126 


PETER  DE  MAULEY,    THE  FOL'RTH. 


$eter  tie 


,  t\)t  f  ourti). 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    I2Q5    TO    12   DECEMBER    1309. 

SEAL  OF  HIS  FATHER,  1301.—  The  Baron,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his 
sword.  Hauberk  of  mail,  surcoat,  helm  with  fan  plume,  vizor  down.  His  shield  diapered  and 
charged  with  a  bend.  His  charger  fan  plumed,  caparisoned  as  the  shield. 

S'    P€TRI  :  D€  :  MALO  :  LACV  :  T€RCII. 

COUNTER  SEAL.  —  A  shield  as  on  the  seal,  between  three  lyons  rampant  guardant,  all  encircled 
by  the  legend 

%t    S€€L  :  PRIV€  :  SVY  :  AP€L€. 


AS  each  feudal  baron  of  this  line  was  named  Peter, 
they  were  for  distinction  styled  numerically. 
"  Petrus  de  Malolacu,"  the  first  of  them,  was  a  native 
of  Poitiers.  For  the  murder  of  Prince  Arthur,  the 
rightful  heir  (jure  hereditatis)  to  the  Crown,  he 
obtained  in  marriage,  as  his  reward  from  John  the 
de  facto  King,  the  heiress  of  the  lands  of  Mulgraye 
and  Doncaster,  in  Yorkshire. 

Our  Peter  de  Mauley,  "the  fourth,"  sealed  with 
his  father's  seal  in  1301,  having  had  livery  of  his  lands 
in  1279,  7  Ed.  I.  As  "serviens"  he  performed  military 
service  (July  1277)  due  from  H.  de  Lacy,  Karl  of 
Lincoln,  probably  in  the  first  Welsh  invasion. 

Served  also  in  the  second  Welsh  invasion  against 
Lewelin.  Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester 
May  1282  and  also  in  August  at  Rhuddlan,  when  he 
acknowledged  the  service  of  two  knight's  fees  per- 
formed by  himself  and  one  knight.  To  muster  also 
at  Montgomery  1283,  and  summoned  to  the  parlia- 
ment at  Shrewsbury  30  September  1283  for  the  trial  ol 
David,  brother  of  Lewelin  ;  the  writ  28  June  recites 
the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin.  Ordered 
also  to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  November 
1294. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
Council  at  Gloucester  July  1287  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall.  To  attend  the  muster  at  Ports- 


mouth 6  September  1294  and  i  November  1295  for 
service  in  Gascony. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Norham  June  1291,  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick-upon-T weed  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1299- 
1309.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  PETR'  DE  MALOLACU,  D'N'S. 
DE  MULGRAVE,  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
12  February  1300-1,  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  father's  seal  as  here  shown. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  with 
horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces  under  the  command 
of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland, 
who  was  defeated  24  February  at  Rosslyn,  near 
Edinburgh. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey  25  February 
1307-8. 

Writ  of  diem  clausil  extremum  dated  at  Langley 
25  August  (3  Ed.  II.)  1310. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  764"  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  731;  II.  cliv.  3,  1154;  Archneologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I, 
208,  209;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  135;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  6,198. 


CORD    XIX. 


(54)  -Ralph  be  mev>W,  Xorb  of 
(53)  "Kalpb,  TLorb  of  (Brcnbon. 

(52)  3obn  be  fIDobun,  Xorb  of  Dimeter. 
(44)  •foenrp  be  pmfwe\>,  Xorb  of  Meebon. 
(43)  HDatbew  Jfits  3obn,  Xorb  of  Stoftenbam. 
(42)  abomas,  Xorb  be  la  "Kocbe. 
(56)  Ebomae  be  dbawortbe,  lorb  of  'ttorton. 

(55)  -Robert  be  Scales  OLorb  of  Weweells. 


129 


IRalpf)  DC 


'-  tire,  encircled  with  the  1 

8'    RANVLFI  :  D€  :  N€VIL€. 


R.I.I.,  of  Raby,  ini !      B 
of  Durham,  and  of  M 
shire  (/   Robert),  app. 

".t    adjoining    townships,    o! 
1  tirham  by  the  yearly  rent   of  four 
led   upon  St.   Cut: 
!'.T  he  tried  by  all  m 
as  rent  into  an  ann 
priory  for  himself  and  his  companions. 

Summoned  to  H.J.,.  -rw/J  at  a  military 

Council   at    Gloucester    !uly   1387  b,  nund, 

Rarl    of    Cornwall,    and    S    June    i  >«j4.    with   about 

-."   to   attend  the   King  upon 

urgent   affairs.     He    is  ,n  the 

Gascon  wars,  and  thoiK:  .  from  the 

general  summons  to 
he  was  summoned    to   a'trnd    the  mu 
mouth  i  September  1294  for  service   . 
11  as  the  muster  a 

Served  in  the  Scottisl-  •   u 
must 

held     tii  : 
Roxburgh  across  tin   boi 

TK  summoned     to    tl 

>'N'S.    DK   RAIIV   in  the  letter 

addressed  to  tht    ljope    12   l-'ebru  \  the 

,   on  their  j>art  as  on  the  part  of  the 
.nd,  and  attac  i 

y  writs  ar. 

id  1311.      Hi 
inanded    to   ar 

iber  of  the  latter  year  with  ten 
'n    the  march; 

Commandi 


to   continue   (20    Ke! 
country  for  the  defence   th 

X  If 

Coi 

.in-!    10  I  >,  • -ember 

n  his  Ian 
..r  the 

50  January  1321  to  abstain  from  attend 

and  on  i 

alien  ling  of  the  "Good  i  gaily 

I'.arl  of   I 

•  r*  as  he  can  and 

• 

•mrjiose  >.•< 

' 
ile"  in  i ;, 

Robert  I.  of  Scotland  < 
wash-  as  far  as  Stainm 
with  the  County  of  Lancaster,  i  July  i 

i  10  June  Ralph  w.is  commanded  to 

tember  to  obi  ds  of  the  i 

nbcrland  ma, 

King 

•iiin.     Oil 

.vuship  in  the 


S/A>  RALPH  DE  NEVILL. 


129 


Sir 


toe  jpettll. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295   TO    1  8   FEBRUARY    1330. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  A  saltirc,  encircled  with  the  legend 

®    S'    RANVLFI  :  D€  :  N€VIL€. 


RALPH  DE  NEVILL,  of  Raby,  in  the  Bishop- 
ric of  Durham,  and  of  Middleham,  in  York- 
shire (/  Robert),  appears  to  have  held  Raby,  with 
the  eight  adjoining  townships,  of  the  Prior  of 
Durham  by  the  yearly  rent  of  four  pounds  and  a 
stag  to  be  presented  upon  St.  Cuthbert's  Day  in 
September  ;  the  latter  he  tried  by  all  means  to  change 
from  a  fee  payable  as  rent  into  an  annual  feast  at  the 
priory  for  himself  and  his  companions. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
Council  at  Gloucester  July  1287  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  and  8  June  1294,  with  about 
sixty  other  "  magnates,"  to  attend  the  King  upon 
urgent  affairs.  He  is  said  to  have  served  in  the 
Gascon  wars,  and  though  excepted  (i4th)  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition, 
he  was  summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Ports- 
mouth i  September  1294  for  service  in  those  parts, 
as  well  as  the  muster  at  Worcester  in  November  for 
service  against  the  Welsh. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Norham  June  1291  (a  council  or  parlia- 
ment held  there),  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  at 
Roxburgh  across  the  border  and  at  York  1296-1323. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  RAHY  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1,  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
here  shown. 

The  parliamentary  writs  are  strangely  silent  con- 
cerning him  between  1303  and  1311.  He  was  com- 
manded to  attend  the  muster  at  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  in  November  of  the  latter  year  with  ten  men- 
at-arms  to  perform  service  in  the  marches  against 
the  Scots,  who  were  ravaging  the  north  under  Bruce. 
Commanded  to  appear  before  the  King  at  York  in 
February,  and  at  Ponthall  or  Battlebridge  in  June 
1312,  in  which  year  Durham  was  ravaged.  Ordered 


also  to  continue  (20  February  1313)  in  his  own 
country  for  the  defence  thereof  against  the  Scots. 
The  battle  of  Bannockburn  was  fought  24  June  1314. 
Commanded  to  assist  6  January  1315  in  defending 
the  counties  beyond  Trent,  and  16  December  1318 
to  raise  and  arm  all  his  men  and  tenants  on  his  lands 
beyond  the  Trent,  for  in  March  of  that  year  the 
Scots  had  retaken  Berwick,  and  a  few  months  later 
had  invaded  and  burned  the  northern  parts. 

Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing any  illegal  or  treasonable  convention  or  assemblies, 
and  on  1 2  November  he  was  ordered  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally 
convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at 
Doncaster. 

Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can  and  (i4th)  to 
appear  at  the  muster  at  Coventry  to  march  against 
the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  I-ancaster. 
The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March, 
and  on  the  26th  he  was  further  commanded  to  raise 
all  his  forces  and  to  advance  to  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  for  the  purpose  of  defending  the  marches.  A 
secret  letter  was  sent  him  "  entitle  en  la  coue  a  Mons 
Rauf  de  Neville"  in  1322  by  the  famous  Sir  James 
de  Douglas  (see  also  Thomas  Earl  of  I^ancaster). 

Robert  I.  of  Scotland  entered  England  and  "  laid  it 
waste  as  far  as  Stainmore,  in  Westmorland,  together 
with  the  County  of  Lancaster,  i  July  1322." 

On  10  June  Ralph  was  commanded  to  be  ready 
to  join  the  King's  forces  with  as  many  men  as  he  could 
raise  upon  receiving  ten  days'  notice.  As  constable 
of  the  Castle  of  Warkworth  he  was  instructed  1 5  Sep- 
tember to  obey  the  commands  of  the  Earl  of  Athol 
as  chief  "  Gustos  "  of  the  Northumberland  marches. 
On  the  26th  September  he  is  rebuked  by  the  King 
for  his  supineness  in  allowing  the  small  Scottish  forces 
to  escape  him.  On  31  October  he  was  empowered  to 
proceed  from  township  to  township  in  the  bishopric 


5/A'  RALPH  DE  NEVILL.-RALPH  DE  GRENDON. 


of  Durham  to  raise  and  arm  the  inhabitants,  and  on 
27  November  he  was  still  further  commanded  to 
assemble  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  could  over  and 
above  his  usual  train  in  case  of  invasion,  &c.,  &c. 
Commanded  18  April  1323  to  provide  pack-saddles 
for  the  use  of  the  army  in  case  it  should  be  decided 
to  dispense  with  the  wagon  train. 

One  of  the  Great  Council  summoned  to  assemble 
at  Westminster  30  May  1 324.  Commanded  4  August 
to  hold  himself  in  readiness  to  serve  for  the 
defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine  ;  the  muster  at 
Portsmouth  17  March  1324  for  service  in  Gascony, 
prorogued  to  17  May  1325  and  again  to  2  August, 
but  he  was  discharged  from  attending  10  July. 

One  of  the  "  Custodes  "  of  the  sea  shores  in  the 
County  of  Northumberland  20  July  1326  ;  empowered 
16  August  together  with  others  to  compel  the  shipping 
of  various  ports  in  the  county  to  join  the  fleet,  and 


on  3  September  to  superintend  their  sailing  to  the 
Orwell,  to  receive  Edward's  Queen  and  her  son  on 
their  deferred  return,  after  performing  homage  for  the 
Duchies  of  Gascony  and  Aquitaine. 

He  died  18  April  1331,  and  was  buried  on  the 
south  side  of  the  altar  at  Coverham. 

Rauff  de  Neville,  his  son,  and  a  prisoner  with  the 
Scots,  was  enlarged  on  security  in  1316  to  procure  his 
ransom  of  2000  marks.  Sir  Robert,  his  brother,  was 
killed  by  the  Scots,  who  also  took  his  other  brothers, 
Sir  Alexander  and  John,  prisoners  all  on  the  same  day, 
sons  of  Sir  Randolf  de  Neville  ;  he  begs  for  a  ward  or 
marriage  which  he  may  sell  towards  his  ransom,  &c. 
Calendar  of  Documents  relating  to  Scotland. 

Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  351  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  765?;;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  758;  II.  cliv.  3, 
1 22 1  ;  C.S.I).  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  12,142. 


De  d&ren&otu 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29   DECEMBER    1299   TO    12    NOVEMBER    1303. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  chevrons. 
%    S'    RAD'I    D€    GR€NDON€. 


SIR  RALPH  GRENDON,  of  Grendon,  co. 
Warwick,  and  of  Shenstone,  co.  Staffs  (/  Sir 
Ralph),  served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was 
summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
1299-1316.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298. 

Though  he  was  not  summoned  to  the  parliament 
of  Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  GRENDON  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1, 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part 
of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

One  of  the  Barons  who  received  pardon  16  Octo- 
ber 1313,  as  an  adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster, 
for  his  participation  in  the  death  of  Gaveston. 

Espoused   the  Royal  cause,  and   was   appointed 

Commissioner  of  array  2  January  1322  for 
Warwickshire,  and  7  February  empowered  to  raise 


the  forces  of  the  Counties  of  Stafford,  Warwick, 
Leicester,  Rutland,  and  Northampton,  and  to  pursue 
and  to  arrest  insurgents ;  8  February  to  pursue  the 
King's  enemies,  and  12  March  to  pursue  and  arrest 
the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  in 
the  Counties  of  Nottingham,  Derby,  Warwick, 
Leicester,  Stafford,  and  Hereford.  The  battle  of 
Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March.  Assigned 
13  April  to  pursue  and  follow  certain  rebels,  and 
empowered  31  October  to  proceed  from  township  to 
township  in  the  County  of  Leicester  to  raise  and  arm 
the  inhabitants. 

Summoned  (generally)    to  the  Great  Council  at 
Westminster  30  May  1324. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  7737*  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  644  ;  II.  cliv.  3,  946.  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk, 
155  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,229. 


JOHN  DE  MOHUN. 


3ol)n  De 

SUMMON  KU   TO    PARLIAMENT   6    FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO   23   OCTOBER    1330. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  cross  engrailed.     The  shield  suspended   from    the   neck  of   an  eagle,  and 
decorated  on  either  side  with  a  lyon  passant. 

S'    IOHANIS  :  D€  :  MOVN. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-u|x>n- 
Tweed,  and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1297-1323; 
fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298  ; 
one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July 
1300. 


JOHN    DE  MOHUN,  of  Dunster,  Somerset 
John,    who    died    July    1279),    was    excepted 
14   June    1294  from  the  general  summons  to 
serve   with    the    King's    expedition    into    (iascony. 
Ordered  to  attend  the  musters  at  Sandwich,  Novem- 
ber and   December  1297    for  service   in    Flanders. 
The  King  had  embarked  22  August. 


Jaune  o  crois  noire  engreelie 
La  portoit  Johans  de  Mooun. 


Yellow  with  a  black  cross  engrailed 
John  de  Mohun  bore  there. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
DUNSTKRRE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Surrendered  lands  in  Ireland  to  the  King  1299- 
1300,  and  received  in  exchange  the  manor  of  Long 
Compton,  in  Warwickshire.  Dined  with  the  Prince 
of  Wales  at  Perth  on  Candlemas  I  )ay  1 304. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1307-8. 

Pardoned  16  October  1313  as  an  adherent  of 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster  for  his  participation  in  the 
death  of  Gaveston. 

Earnestly  requested  (2  August)  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  1310. 
The  battle  of  Bannockburn  was  fought  24  June  1314. 
Writ  of  exoneration  14  April  1315,  having  sent  his 
service  in  Scotland  for  four  knight's  fees,  28  Ed.  I.,  and 
for  three  knight's  fees,  31  Ed.  I.  Requested  30  August 
to  continue  stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during 
the  winter  campaign. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
that  the  summons  for  the  meeting  of  Parliament 
10  June  1318  is  revoked  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of 
the  Scots.  Obtained  his  writ  de  scutagio  10  Novem- 
ber 1320. 


Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from 
attending  any  illegal  conventions  or  assemblies. 
Ordered  13  November  to  abstain  from  attending 
the  meeting  of  the  "Good  Peers,"  illegally  convened 
by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 

Enjoined  5  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can,  and  (i4th)  to 
muster  at  Coventry  to  march  against  the  rebels  or 
adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  blason  of 
his  arms  appears  on  the  Boroughbridge  Roll 
(16  March).  Commanded  18  April  1323  to  provide 
pack-saddles  for  the  use  of  the  army,  lest  the  wagon 
train  be  dispensed  with. 

Summoned  (generally)  to  attend  the  Great  Council 
at  Westminster  May  1324,  and  to  the  "Great 
Council "  of  the  "  magnates  "  at  Westminster  20  Feb- 
ruary 1325. 

Amoved  14  April  1326  from  the  office  of  a  chief 
inspector  of  the  array  in  the  counties  of  Somerset  and 
Dorset ;  died  about  1330. 

His  eldest  son,  John,  a  knight  banneret,  fought  at 
the  battle  of  Boroughbridge. 


Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  740;  II.  div.  3, 
1 176 ;  Aroh;w>logia,  xxi.,  pi.  I,  2IO  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk, 
155  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  fd.  Wright,  8  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Cata- 
logue of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,808. 


'32 


HENRY  DE  PINKNEY. 


He 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   AND    29   DECEMBER    1299. 

SEAL,  1301. — Baron  Henry,  in  armour,  on  a  barded  horse,  brandishing  his  sword.  Hauberk 
of  mail,  surcoat,  helm  with  fan  plume,  vizor  up.  A  fess  lozengy  on  his  shield  and  on  the  caparisons 
of  his  charger,  decorated  with  fan  plume. 

S'  H6NRICI  D€  PINKCNY, 


HENRY  DE  PINKENEY,  of  Weedon  Pinke- 
ney,  Northants,  heir  of  his  brother  Robert's 
lands  in  England  and  Scotland,  inq.  p.  at.  dated  at 
Bertley  26  October  1296,  aged  30  and  more. 

Summoned  to  the  Council  or  parliament  at  Salisbury 
25  January  1296-7  ;  to  attend  the  muster  at  London  in 
July  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas.  To  appear  in 
September  equis  et  artnis  at  a  military  Council  at 
Rochester  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieute- 
nant in  England;  and  to  muster  for  service  in  Flanders, 
at  Sandwich  November  and  December  1297,  and  at 
London  January  1298. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  per- 
form military  service  in  person,  and  to  attend  musters 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York,  Carlisle  and  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  December  1297-1303;  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lin- 
coln, he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  WEDONE  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1,  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England. 

Accused  30  September  1301  of  robbery  in 
Southwell  Church  and  discharged,  being  with  the 
King  in  Scotland  ;  pardoned  for  his  good  services  in 
Scotland. 

In  1302  he  made  over  the  reversion  of  most  of 
his  estates  to  the  King,  and  died  that  year.  Amongst 
his  lands  were  those  of  Crawford,  in  Scotland,  which 
were  granted  to  Sir  Alexander  Lindsay. 


Authorities.-  -Nicolas'  Synopsis,  77O«  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  783;  C.S.D.  ;  Archceologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  223; 
Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  145. 


MATTHEW  FITZ  JOHN-THOMAS  DE  LA   ROCHE. 


'33 


NEVER  SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301.  — Per  pale  three  lyons  rampant. 

^     S'    MATH€I     FIL'    IOHANNIS. 


MATTHEW  FITZJOHN,  lord  of  Stokeham, 
Devon,  Sheriff  1 288,  1 294  (/  John,/  Mathew, 
/  Herbert  FitzHerbert,  Chamberlain  to  King  Stephen, 
Dugdale's  Baronage,  Vol.  i,  p.  635,  sub.  FitzHerbert), 
was  Governor  of  the  Castle  of  Exeter  16  Ed.  I., 
1288. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury  26  Janu- 
ary 1296-7,  and  to  appear  in  October  equis  et  armis 
at  a  military  Council  before  Edward,  the  King's  son 
and  his  lieutenant  in  England. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.    Summoned  to  attend 


musters    at    Newcastle-upon-Tyne,    York,    Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  and  Carlisle  1297-1306. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  STOKKNHAME  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300  i  by 
the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"Communitas"  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
here  shown. 


Authorities.  — 
Writs,    I. ,    603  ; 
Museum,  9,738. 


Nicolas'    Synopsis,    774« ; 
Dr.    Birch's    Catalogue    of 


Parliamentary 
Seals,    lirit^h 


Ctjomas  ue  la  i&ort)e, 

SUMMONED   TO    PARLIAMENT    29   DECEMBER    1299  TO   3    NOVEMBER    1306. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  roach  naiant. 
*~>  S'    THOM€    D€    LA    ROCH€ 

THOMAS    DE    LA    ROCHE   served     in   the  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Febru- 

Scottish  wars  and  had   summons   to  attend  ary)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 

musters    (equis  et  armis)    at    Carlisle,    York,    Ber-  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England,  and  attached 

wick-upon-Tweed  and   Newcastle-upon-Tyne    1299-  his  seal  as  here  shown. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  805;  II.  div.  3, 

13-20  January   1300-1;  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  LA  ROCHE        1340;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  13,021. 

T 


'34 


THOMAS  DE   CHA  WORTH— SIR  ROBERT  DE   SCALES. 


De  CDatoortl). 

SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT  6  FEBRUARY    1298-9. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  chevrons;  the  shield  suspended  by  the  guige  from  a  hook,  between  in 
base  a  lyon  passant,  and  on  either  side  a  wingless  wyvern. 

ij)    SIGILLVM  THOM€  :  D€  :  CHAWORTH€. 


*  ONSTANTLY  summoned  to  perform  military 
service  in  person  against  the  Scots,  and  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Norham  June  1291,  and  also  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Nottingham,  Carlisle  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1314. 

Summoned  8  June  1294,  with  about  sixty  other 
"  magnates,"  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs. 
Excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons  for  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Summoned  to  the 
parliament  at  Salisbury  24  February  1297,  and  to 
muster  at  London  in  July  for  service  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  THOMAS  DE  CHA(D)URCES, 
D'N'S.  DE  NORTON,  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
12  February  1300-1  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  Eng- 
land, and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 


He  was 
returned  by 
the  Sheriffs 
of  Notts  and 
Leicester  as 
generally 
s  u  m  m  oned 
to  attend  the 
Great  Coun- 
cil at  West- 
minster 30 
May  1324. 

In  1326  he 
J 

was  a  com- 
missioner of  array  for  Leicestershire. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'     Synopsis,    776;; ; 
Writs,  I.,  528;  II.  div.  3,  663. 


Parliamentary 


iftobert  tie 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO   22   JANUARY    1304-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — Six  escallops  3,  2,  i.     The  shield  between  two  swords  ;  all  within  scrollwork  in 
place  of  a  legend. 


SIR  ROBERT  DE  SCALES,  of  Newcells  in 
Barkway,  Herts,  and  of  Middleton,  near  Lynn, 
Norfolk  (/  Robert),  served  in  the  wars  in  Wales, 
Gascony  and  Scotland.  Summoned  to  attend  musters 
at  Worcester  17  May  1282  for  service  in  the  second 
Welsh  invasion  ;  at  Portsmouth  i  September  1294  for 
service  in  Gascony;  and  at  York,  Carlisle  and  Berwick- 


upon-Tweed  1298-1303 
for  service  against  the  Scots. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298, 
and  was  one  of  the  be- 
siegers of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  u  July  1300. 


Robert  de  Scales,  bel  et  gent 
Lo  ot  rouge  o  cokilles  de  argent. 


The  handsome  and  gentle  Robert  de  Scales 
Bore  red  with  shells  of  silver. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1  ;  and  as  D'N'S.  DK 
NEUSELES  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(i2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 


\Vrit  of  diem  clausit  extremiun  tested  at  Lanfare 
8  August,  33  E.  I.,  1305. 


Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  829;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  149;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  14; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  13,321. 


CORD    XX. 

(6.2)  abomaa  oe  f  urnivaU,  Xoro  of  Sbcffielo. 
(61)  BOGO  oc  Iknovill,  Tloro  of  tKHIMtemmstcr. 
(63)  jfulft  le  Strange,  Uoro  of  Corebam. 

(88)  t)uab  Baroolf,  lor&  of  Mormeoa^. 

(89)  IRtcbaro  lalbot,  Xoro  of  ficclcswali. 

(41)  Comuno  De  E^ncourt,  Xor&  of  CTburoarton. 
(40)  E&mun&,  Baron  Stafforo. 


&e 


decorative  1; 


SIQILLVM  :  THOMC  :  FOVRNIVAL. 


•: 

of  liis  father's  lands  5  Ji: 

aboui 

• 
with 

bur^h 


t  fur 


J    to    tl,. 


. 


• 
of  ti, 


••,vn. 
:y  130 


• 


THOMAS   DE  FVRNIVALL. 


'37 


Cljomas  De  jFurntimll* 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295   TO  2J  JANUARY   1331-2. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  bend  between  six  martlets;  the  shield  on  a  barry  background  and  between 
two  decorative  lyons. 

H    SIQILLVM  :  THOM€  :  FOVRNIVAL. 


THOMAS  DE  FURNIVALL,  of  Sheffield,  York- 
shire, and  Worksop,  Notts  (/.  Thomas,  writ  of 
diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at  Norham  23  May, 
19  Ed.  II.),  great-grandson  of  Gerald  de  Funiivall  by 
his  wife,  Maud  de  Lovetot,  the  heiress  of  Sheffield 
and  Worksop.  He  did  homage  and  obtained  livery 
of  his  father's  lands  5  June,  20  Ed.  I. 

Summoned  8  June  1294  to  attend  the  King  with 
about  sixty  other  "  magnates  "  upon  urgent  affairs. 
Excepted  (nth)  from  the  general  summons  to  serve 
with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Nottingham,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Car- 
lisle, York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed  and  at  Roxburgh 
across  the  border  July  1297  to  July  1323. 


Summoned  16  September  1297  to  appear  at 
London  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  before 
Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England  ; 
but  discharged  (24  September)  from  attendance  and 
enjoined  to  proceed  forthwith  to  Scotland  to  join 
the  force  under  John  de  Warrene,  Earl  of  Surrey  and 
Sussex  {sic).  Commander  in  1298  of  the  levies 
raised  from  the  counties  of  Nottingham  and  Derby  ; 
required  to  muster  before  William  le  Latimer  the 
elder,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  the  said  counties. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298;  one 
of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July 
1300. 


Li  beaus  Thomas  de  Fourneval, 
Ki  quant  feoit  fur  le  cheval 
Ne  fembloit  home  ki  fomeille. 
Sis  merlos  e  bende  vermeille 
Portoit  en  la  baniere  blanche. 


The  handsome  Thomas  de  Furnival, 
Who,  when  seated  on  horseback, 
Did  not  look  like  a  man  asleep. 
He  bore  six  martlets  and  a  red  bend 
In  a  white  banner. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  DVs.  DE 
SHEFELD  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  under 
the  command  of  John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieu- 
tenant in  Scotland.  In  the  following  April,  together 
with  Sir  Marm.  de  Twenge,  Will  de  Cauldon  and 
John  Bryon,  he  was  commanded  to  bring  2,000 
mounted  men  from  York  to  Roxburgh  in  Linlithgow. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  Coronation 
of  the  King  25  February  1308.  Earnestly  requested 
2  August  1310  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick. 


Commanded  9  October  1311  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  with  ten  men-at-arms,  to 
perform  service  in  the  marches,  receiving  pay  for  the 
same.  His  three  esquires  at  Berwick  1 1  November 
1312  were  Hugh  Savage,  John  de  Gaytonforde  and 
Richard  de  Gotham.  Bruce  was  then  ravaging  the 
north.  Bannockburn  was  fought. 24  June  1314. 
Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed  in 
the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign,  for  in 
June  the  Scots  had  invaded  Durham  and  besieged 
Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August.  One  of  the  commis- 
sioners 20  August  1316  to  raise  and  arm  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  county  of  Nottingham.  "  Affectionately  " 
requested  28  October  1319  to  repair  forthwith  to 
York  with  horses  and  arms  in  order  to  march  against 


'38 


THOMAS  DE  FUKNIVALL. 


the  Scots  ;  the  battle  or  chapter  of  Milton-on-Swale, 
in  Yorkshire,  occurred  20  September. 

One  of  the  "Majores  Barones  "  informed  10  June 
1318  that  the  summons  for  the  meeting  of  Parliament 
was  revoked  by  reason  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots. 

Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing any  illegal  or  treasonable  conventions  or  assemblies. 
On  21  April  requested  to  co-operate  in  appeasing  the 
disturbances,  &c.,  and  on  12  November  ordered  to 
abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good 
Peers,"  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to 
be  held  at  Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  1322  to 
raise  as  many  men  at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  could, 
and  on  the  i4th  to  muster  at  Coventry  to  march 
against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster 
(the  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  16  March). 

Banneret  1322.  Commanded  27  November  to 
assemble  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  could  over  and 
above  his  usual  train  in  case  of  invasion,  and  10  Decem- 
ber ordered  to  march  to  York  at  their  head. 

Commanded  13  February  1323  to  repair  forthwith 
to  Lancashire  with  horses  and  arms  and  there  to 
place  himself  under  the  command  of  Johannes  Darcy 
le  Neveu  ;  also  to  raise  as  many  men  at-arms  as  he 
could  over  and  above  his  contingent  due  by  tenure. 


Commanded  18  April  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the 
use  of  the  army. 

Commanded  4  August  1324  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  to  serve  in  the  defence  of  the  Duchy  ot 
Aquitaine  and  to  raise  all  the  forces  that  he  could,  in 
addition  to  his  contingent  by  tenure,  and  to  muster 
at  Portsmouth  1 7  March  for  service  in  person  at 
Gascony ;  after  several  prorogations  he  was  discharged 
therefrom  10  July  1325.  Summoned  to  a  great 
council  of  the  "magnates"  at  Westminster  in  April 
1325.  One  of  the  chief  inspectors  of  the  array  in 
the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire  24  January  1326. 

Summoned  to  the  Coronation  of  Edward  III. 
Died  3  February  1331-2,  6  Ed.  III.  "  Emancipated 
his  tenants  from  their  vassalage,  established  trial  by 
jury,  and  instituted  a  market  and  fair  in  his  demesnes 
at  Sheffield." 

Lord  Furnivall's  grandfather,  Thomas,  attached  a 
lozenge-shaped  seal  to  a  charter  temp.  H.  III.  or 
Ed.  I.,  now  amongst  the  British  Museum  Add.  Ch. 
8196,  see  Herald  and  Genealogist,  iii.,  334. 

Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  349;  Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  596;  II.  iliv.  3,  845;  C.S.I).;  Scotland 
in  1298,  Falkirk,  145;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed,  Wright,  16; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  9,912. 


ROGO  DR  K NO  VI 1. 1.. 


'39 


25ogo  He 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23  JUNE    1295   TO  3    NOVEMBER    1306. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  pierced  stars  and  a  label  of  three  points;  the  shield  suspended  by  a  guige. 

ft    S'    BOGONIS  :  D€  :  KNOVIL6. 


BOGO  DE  KNOVILL,  of  Blanchminster  (Album 
Monasterium),  now  Oswestry,  in  right  of  his 
wife.  Sheriff  of  Shropshire  and  Staffordshire  1 275-8, 
governor  of  Dolvaron  Castle  in  the  marches  of 
Wales  1278.  Ordered  28  December  1276  to  prevent 
the  furnishing  of  provisions  and  supplies  to  the  Welsh 
rebels.  To  attend  the  muster  at  Rhuddlan  2  August 
1282  for  service  in  the  second  invasion  against 
Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  30  October  to  place 
himself  under  the  command  of  Roger  Extraneus  (I^e 
Strange). 

Served  in  the  expedition  25  June  1287  against 
Resus  fir  Mereduci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd,  i.e.  ap 
Meredyth),  and  in  the  following  month  summoned 
to  appear  equis  et  art/it's  at  a  military  Council  to  be 
held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall. 
As  Constable  of  the  Castle  of  Montgomery  he  was 
enjoined  (14  November  1287  and  30  November 
1288)  to  reside  on  his  lordships  and  demesnes  until 
the  rebellion  of  Resus  should  be  put  down. 

Madog  ab  Morgan  having  revolted  and  threatened 
Bere  Castle,  Bogo  was  ordered  18  October  129410 
relieve  it  in  conjunction  with  the  forces  under  John 
de  Warenne,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  Richard  fil  Alani, 
Earl  of  Arundel,  &c. 


To  muster  at  Ix>ndon  July  1297  for  service  in 
person  in  parts  beyond  the  seas.  A  commissioner 
of  array  in  September  for  Counties  Salop  and 
Stafford.  To  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  for  service  against  the  Scots 
1299-1303. 

Empowered  21  May  1300  to  treat  with  the  men 
of  Montgomery  concerning  services  required  from 
them,  and  on  7  June  instructed  to  require  an  aid 
from  the  men  of  South  Wales. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  UVs.  DE  Auto 
MONAST'IO  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  the  seal  here  shown  ;  but  whether  it 
was  the  seal  used  by  him  in  his  father's  lifetime,  or 
that  used  by  his  own  son,  is  a  matter  for  speculation. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  dated  at  Burgh- on- 
the-Sands  6  July  1307,  a  day  before  the  King's 
death,  his  son  Bogo  then  aged  27. 


Authorities.—  Parliamentary   Writs,  I.,  538;  Arcrueologia, 
xxi.,   pt.    I,   218;    Dr.    Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,   British 

Museum,  11,108. 


140 


FULK  LE  STRANGE. 


jfulH  He  Strange* 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT    13   JANUARY    1308-9   TO    13   SEPTEMBER    1324. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  Two  lyons  passant  guardant 
I&    S'      FVLCHONIS  :  L€  :  €STRAVNG€. 


F'ULK  LE  STRANGE,  of  Blackmere  in  Whit- 
church,  Salop,  was  generally  summoned  to 
attend  the  muster  in  London  July  1297  for  service  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1298-1323. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  he  joined 
as  D'N'S.  DE  CORSHAM  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (i 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of 
England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

He  jousted  at  the  first  Dunstable  tournament  in 
1308.  Was  earnestly  requested  (2  August  1310)  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Berwick  the  following  month. 
He  proffered,  at  the  Tweedmouth  muster  19  Sep- 
tember, the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  and  a  twentieth 
part  of  one  knight's  fee  performed  by  two".servientes." 

Obtained  a  pardon  as  an  adherent  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster  16  October  1313  for  his  participation  in 
the  death  of  Gaveston,  &c.,  and  again  22  October 
1318  for  all  felonies  and  trespasses  committed  up  to 
August  7. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  remain  stationed  in 
the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign.  The 


Scots  had  invaded  Durham  in  June  and  un- 
successfully besieged  Carlisle  22  July-i  August.  As 
one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones"  he  is  informed  of  the 
invasion  of  the  Scots  June  1318. 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  appeas- 
ing the  disturbances  and  also  to  refrain  from  any 
illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies.  Further  ordered 
12  November  to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting 
of  the  "  Good  Peers "  illegally  convened  by  the 
Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster. 

Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  can,  and  (i4th)  to 
muster  at  Coventry  to  march  against  the  rebels  or 
adherents  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of 
Boroughbridge  was  fought  26  March. 

Ordered  23  February  1323  to  raise  as  many  men 
as  he  could  over  and  above  his  contingent  due  by 
tenure,  to  muster  at  York  and  Newcastle ;  and  on 
18  April  to  provide  pack-saddles  for  the  use  of  the 
army. 

Seneschal  of  Aquitaine  1323  The  writ  of  diem 
clausit  extremum  tested  at  Fulham  23  February 
17  Ed.  II.,  1324. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  770;* ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  848;  II.  div.  3,  1468;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals,  British  Museum,  9,521. 


HUGH  BARDOLF—  RICHARD    TALBOT. 


141 


BarDolf. 

SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   2  JUNE    1  302. 
SEAL,     1301.—  Three    cinqucfoyles  ;   the   shield  suspended  from    a  trifurcated   bough, 
either  side  decorative  foliage.     All  within  a  sizefoyle  panel,  in  each  spandril  a  demi  sizefoyle. 


on 


HUGH  BARDOLPH,  of  Wormegay,  Norfolk, 
and  of  Shelford,  Notts,  &c.,  knight,  was  sum- 
moned 8  June  1294  with  sixty  other  "magnates" 
to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs,  and  was 
excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to  serve 
with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Had 
summons  24  February  1297  to  attend  the  King  at 
Salisbury. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  had  summons  to  at- 


tend musters  at  Notting- 
ham, Carlisle,  York  and 
Berwick  -  upon  -  Tweed 
July  1297  to  May  1303. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298; 
one  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1 
July  1300. 


Hue  Bardoul,  de  grant  maniere, 
Riches  horns  e  preus  e  cortois, 
En  afur  quint-fullez  trois 
Portoit  de  fin  or  efmere'. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'x's.  UE  WIRMEGEYK 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown. 

In  28  and  31  Ed.  I.  he  sent  his  service  in  Scot- 


Hugh  Bardolf,  a  man  of  great  appearance, 
Rich,  valiant,  and  courteous, 
Bore  axure  three  cinquefoyles 
Of  pure  refined  gold. 

land  for  four  knight's  fees,  for  which  his  son  Thomas 
obtained  exoneration  after  his  decease  in  September 
1304. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  445  ;  II.  div.  3, 
479  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  133  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
eil.  Wright,  2  ;  L)r.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  7,132. 


Calbot. 

NEVER  SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,    1301.  —  A  lyon  rampant  within  a  bordure  engrailed;  the  shield  suspended   from  a 
trifurcated  bough,  between  two  decorative'  wyverns. 


RICARDVS 

THIS  marcher  lord  is  said  to  have  served  in  the 
second  invasion  of  Wales  1282,  and  in  the 
Gascon  wars  of  1296-7.  Governor  of  Cardiff  Castle 
1287. 

Generally  summoned  to  perform  military  service 
in  person  with  horses  and  arms,  &c.,  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas,  to  muster  at  London  12  July  1297  (the  King 
embarked  22  August),  and  to  appear  8  September 
following  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  at 
Rochester  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant 
in  England.  To  attend  the  musters  at  Newcastle 
December  1297,  and  at  York  May  1298,  for  service 
against  the  Scots. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  ECKLESWEI.L  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1  by 

the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 

,,  ,-,  „      ,  „      ,       ,         , 

"Commumtas     of  England,  and  attached  the  seal  as 

shown,  viz.,  the  arms  of  his  mother's  father,  Rhys  ap 
Griffith,  Prince  of  North  Wales. 


TAL€BOT. 

Commissioner  of  array 
for  Gloucestershire  1301. 
King's  letters  of  credence 
were  addressed  to  the 
knights,  "Probi  Homines" 
and  commonalty  of  the 
County  of  Gloucester,  em- 
powering him  to  treat  for  a 
supply  of  grain.  On  21 
November  1301  he  was 

ordered  to  lead  500  men  in  person  from  the  Forest 
of  Dean  to  Linlithgow.  Appointed  i  March  1306  to 
make  purveyance  in  that  county  of  provisions 
required  for  the  army  against  the  Scots.  He  died 
that  year. 


Authorities.—  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  353  ;  Nicolas 
Synopsis>    ^n.   £rli'nicntoiy   Writs,    L,  856  ;   C.S.n.; 

Arch.-eolocia,  xxi.,  pt.  i,  215  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  13,850. 


1 42 


EDMUND  DE  EYNCOURT. 


De 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEURUARY    1298-9   TO    3   DECEMBER    1326. 

SEAL,  1301. — Billettee  and  a  fess  dancettee  ;  the  shield  in  a  quadrangular  panel,  in  each 
corner  a  lyoncelle  passant  counter  passant.  On  the  seal  there  is  the  merest  indication  of  a 
chief  thereon  four  files  of  a  label,  obviously  intended  for  4  billets,  i.e.  4,  3,  2,  j. 


EDMUND  DEINCOURT,  of  Thurgarton,  Notts, 
and  of  Blankeney,  county  Lincoln,  &c., 
acknowledged  in  1277  the  service  of  two  knight's 
fees  performed  by  four  "  servientes "  in  the  first 
expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales.  Ordered 
to  muster  before  the  Constable  (Bohun)  and  the  Earl 
Marshal  (Bigod)  at  Worcester  in  July  1282  and  the 
following  month  at  Rhuddlan  for  service  in  the  second 
invasion  of  Wales. 

Summoned  with  about  sixty  other  "  magnates  " 
8  June  1294  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs. 
Excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to  serve 
with  the  King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Summoned 
to  attend  the  muster  at  Portsmouth  i  September 
1295  and  at  Plymouth  i  November  following  for 
service  in  Flanders. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  Norham  June  1291,  at  Nottingham, 
Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed  and  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  1297-1322.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298.  He  sent  "two  brave  sons  "to  the 
siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1300,  and  a  John 
Deincourt  is  also  named  as  one  of  the  besiegers. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
THURGERTON  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  ( 1 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  Eng- 
land, and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Required  to  muster  at  Carlisle  24  June  1301  under 
Edward,  the  King's  son,  or  to  send  his  sons  in  his 
stead,  cum  decenti  comitiva.  On  i  September 
1302  sent  two  men-at-arms  for  his  Scottish  lands. 
Commissioned  23  November  1301  to  arrest  and  com- 
mit offenders  against  the  peace  in  the  counties  of 
Lincoln,  Nottingham  and  Derby,  and  in  other 
counties  6  April  1305,  pursuant  to  the  ordinance  of 
Trailbaston  (see  note  to  Martin,  page  no).  One  of 


the  King's  justiciars  sitting  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
July  1306,  at  the  summary  conviction  and  execu- 
tion of  Scottish  prisoners  of  war. 

He  and  his  son  Edmund  were  summoned  (18  Janu- 
ary) to  attend  the  King's  Coronation  25  February 
1308. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed.  On  8  September 
following  he  proffered  the  service  of  two  knight's  fees, 
performed  by  four  "  servientes "  with  four  barded 
horses  ;  for  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth  13  September. 
Requested  28  May  1311  to  proceed  against  the 
Scots  with  as  many  followers  as  he  could  raise,  and 
to  muster  at  Berwick  in  July  to  oppose  Bruce,  who 
was  preparing  to  ravage  the  north.  King's  nuncio  or 
ambassador  to  the  General  Council  i  June,  and 
commanded  to  appear  in  London  in  July  before  the 
Earl  of  Gloucester,  "  Gustos  "  of  the  kingdom  and 
the  Council. 

Specially  empowered  by  writ  3  September  1312  to 
repair  to  the  Earls  of  Lancaster,  Hereford  and  War- 
wick, and  to  prohibit  them  from  proceeding  to  the 
King  with  an  armed  force.  The  prohibition  was 
disregarded  (see  page  4).  One  of  the  justices 
23  February  1315  to  hear  and  determine  accusations 
preferred  against  John  de  Segrave,  as  late  Justice  of 
the  forests  of  Trent,  &c.,  and  7  April  to  try  certain 
townsmen  of  Nottingham  who  had  attacked  Segrave 
in  Nottingham  Castle. 

Writ  of  exoneration  granted  14  May  1315,  he 
having  sent  the  service  in  Scotland  of  two  knight's 
fees.  On  30  August  requested  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 

One  of  the  Commissioners  20  August  1316 
appointed  to  raise  and  arm  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Counties  of  Nottingham  and  Derby. 

Being  apprehensive  that  his  surname  and  arms 
would  become  extinct  in  the  person  of  Isabella,  the 


EDMUND  DK  EYNCOURT. 


'43 


daughter  of  Edmund  Deyncourt,  his  son  (then 
deceased),  he  obtained  a  special  licence  of  alienation, 
tested  at  Windsor  15  May  1317,  by  virtue  whereof 
In-  settles  the  Manor  and  Soke  of  Blaunkeney,  in 
the  county  of  Lincoln,  and  other  the  lands  considered 
as  constituting  the  land  barony  of  Deyncourt  in  the 
following  manner — to  himself  for  life,  remainder  to 
Will's  fil  Joh'is  I  )eyncourt  in  tail  general,  remainder 
to  Johannes  Deyncourt,  brother  of  the  said  Will's 
in  tail  general. 

One  of  the  justices  22  September  1317  for 
suppressing  illegal  meetings  in  the  Kesteven  division 
of  Lincolnshire.  As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he 
is  informed  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots  in  1318. 
Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  15  July  1319. 

Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing any  illegal  or  treasonable  conventions  or 
assemblies.  Requested  21  April  to  co-operate  in 
appeasing  disturbances,  &c.  Ordered  12  November 
to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good 
Peers,"  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to 
be  held  at  Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  1322  to 
raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he 
could,  and  (i4th)  to  muster  at  Coventry  and  (28th)  to 
march  against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster.  On  25  February  he  is  also  summoned  to 
appear  with  horses  and  arms  at  Burton-upon-Trent. 
The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  16  March 
1321-2. 

A  justice  (18  May  1322)  for  the  trial  of  certain 
townsmen  of  Cambridge  charged  with  having  joined 
in  the  great  riot  against  the  University. 


Commanded  27  Noveml>er  1322  to  assemble  as 
many  men-at  arms  as  he  could,  over  and  alxjve  his 
usual  retenance,  in  case  of  invasion,  and  to  repair  to 
such  of  his  manors  as  is  nearest  to  York,  and 
i  o  I  )ecember  to  march  to  York  at  the  head  of  his 
men-at-arms,  for  the  muster  of  2  February  1 323 ; 
also  to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  could  over 
and  above  his  contingent  due  by  tenure  for  the 
musters  at  York,  April  or  May,  and  at  Ncwcastle- 
upon-Tyne  in  July.  On  18  April  to  provide  pack- 
saddles  for  the  use  of  the  army. 

Pursuant  to  writ  dated  at  Westminster  9  May  1324 
for  summoning  the  Great  Council,  he  is  returned  by 
the  Sheriff  of  the  County  of  Lincoln  as  infirm  and 
upwards  of  eighty  years  of  age.  Notwithstanding  this 
he  was  commanded  4  August  1324  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  to  perform  military  service  in  person  for  the 
defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine,  &c.,  and  to  raise 
all  the  forces  that  he  could  in  addition  to  his  con- 
tingent due  by  tenure. 

Summoned  21  December  1324  to  serve  in 
Gascony,  the  muster  at  Portsmouth  1 7  March  follow- 
ing, prorogued  to  17  May,  and  finally  to  2  August. 
Discharged  therefrom  10  July. 

Summoned  30  December  1324  to  a  great  council 
of  "magnates,"  discharged  therefrom  8  April.  He 
died  1327. 


.\Hthoritits.~ Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4lh  Report,  350;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  565;  II.  div.  3,  759;  C.S.I).  ;  Scotland 
in  1298,  Falkirk,  141  ;  Roll  of  Cacrlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  24  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Musi-urn,  9,563. 


144 


EDMUND  DE  STAFFORD. 


De  £>taffor&. 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   AS  A  "BARON"   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    2O   AUGUST    1307. 

SEAL,  1301.— A  chevron  ;  the  shield  (between  a  mullet  and  a  star)  suspended  by  the  guige 
from  a  hook. 

^    S'  EDMVNDI  :  STAFFORDI€. 


EDMUND  DE  STAFFORD,  of  Stone,  was 
descended  from  Hervey  de  Stafford,  who  took 
that  name  in  lieu  of  Bagot.  Hervey's  mother,  Milli- 
sent,  wife  of  Hervey  Bagot,  was  sister  and  heir  of 
Robert  de  Stafford,  the  great-grandson  of  Robert  de 
Toeni,  who  held  eighty-one  lordships  in  Staffordshire 
at  the  time  of  the  general  survey.  Dugdale  supposed 
that  de  Toeni  assumed  the  name  of  Stafford,  being 
governor  of  Stafford  Castle. 

Nicholas,  the  father  of  Edmund,  was  killed  in  1287 
by  the  falling  of  the  walls  at  the  siege  of  Droselau. 

Edmund  is  said  to  have  served  in  the  Gascon 
wais.  He  had  summons  to  attend  musters  at  York, 
Carlisle  and  Berwick- upon-Tweed  1298-1308  for 
service  against  the  Scots. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  EDM'US 
BARO  STAFF'  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 


Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

In  28  and  31  Ed.  I.  he  sent  his  service  of  one  and 
a  half  knight's  fee,  for  which  Thomas  de  Pipe  and 
Margaret,  his  wife,  who  afterwards  held  the  lands, 
obtained  writs  of  exoneration. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  ceremony 
of  the  King's  Coronation  25  February  1307-8,  and 
died  the  next  year. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  Edmund  de  Stafford  and 
John  de  Greystock  (page  181)  afford  the  only  in- 
stances in  which  a  person  is  summoned  to  parliament 
by  the  style  of  Baron. 


Authorities.—  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  843;  II.  div.  3, 
1451  ;  Archrcologia,  xxii.,  pt.  I,  221.  See  Dr.  Birch's  Cata- 
logue of  Seals,  British  Museum,  13,625. 


CORD  XXI. 


0)1)  pbilip,  OLoro  of  Ik^me. 
0)0)  3obn  papnel,  Xoro  of  ©tle\>. 
(93)  Malter,  Xoro  of  Ibuntcrcombc 
0)2)  Millmm  Marshall,  loi^  of 


pfttltp  De  Jftpmr. 

TO   VAKl  <<j$   TO 


;i\s\\y  and   a  che\  I    by 

the  legend 

*    CH€R  :  AMI  :  F€T€S  :  PVR  :  MAI 


PHH.I  :n  Lincolnshire, 

•  1    during   his 

:ii(l.  as  was  of' 
ofl>. 

II--  arkinn.l  dgi  .I'  one  knight's 

and  a  half  in  •  >  perform- 

himself  and  iv. 

' 

.irl  Mars! 
at  \\  i-re  also 

j.Sz,    at     ' 

4  All:' 

Sunn 

temlx  for    the-    trial    of    David,    broth 

i  he   misd 
ih   of   I  x:\velin.  ,     Summon 


L'IH-  '#.<•  \r,  mult 

nhiiK-r  le  cinki 

l>h'.-lli[)e  K-  fci;JlH\lI  rl. 
Ky  porloit  roiiv  i)  in-. 
Di.-  or  croiflillie  tot  environ. 

Summoned  t 

13-20  January  130  K\\^    IK- 

joined  in  the  letter  a  .ipedz  IVhru 

ary)  by  tli 

of  the  "  ('ommunit.i' 
seal  as  shown.     Ti 

the  countc-i  seal  here  gi\  .vith  the  :•• 

1'hilip  dc  Kyme,  knt.,  fit  l)i>m.  \Vill.  de  Kynic 


nuary)    to    nttrnd    the 
Coronation  25   February  13- 
"    August   1510   to  atte 

on-T.v 


n    July    i 
artnis  at  -i  at 

- 

musU-r  at  \\ 

t-r- 
ind 
.nouth  on 

at    I" 

. 

musters    at    < ' 

uly  1300. 


the 


May  I  well  name  the  h 
Phi 

\Vlu>  i 

•>ld  surro 

' 
' 

• 
• 
• 
also  • 

•  . 
unsuccessfully 

' 
«. 

;  (i 4th)  to  mi:- 

irl 
bridge  was  for  [ 

•liitJtt't  n  i 


upon 


/'////.//'  DE  KYMI-.. 


•47 


tic 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  23  JUNE    1295   TO   26   NOVEMItER    1313. 

SEAL,   1301. — Crusily  and  a  chevron;  the    shield  enclosed    by  three  wingless  wyverns,  all 

encircled  by  the  legend 

iji    CH€R  :  AMI  :  F€T€S  :  PVR  :  MAI 


PHILIP  DE  KYME,  of  Kestevcn,  in  Lincolnshire, 
was    in    ward    to    Hugh    Bigod    during   his 
minority,  and,  as  was  often  the  outcome,  married  one 
of  his  guardian's  daughters. 

He  acknowledged  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee 
and  a  half  in  "Sotteby  "  and  "  Kele,"  performed  by 
himself  and  two  "  servientes,"  in  the  first  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  muster  before 
the  Constable  (Bohun)  and  the  Earl  Marshal  (Bigod) 
at  Worcester  July  1277  ;  there  also  on  the  second 
invasion  of  Wales  in  May  1282,  at  Rhuddlan 
4  August  following,  and  at  Montgomery  May  1283. 
Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury,  30  Sep- 
tember 1283,  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of 
Lewelin ;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds, 
trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin.  Summoned  to 


appear  in  July  1287  ti/uis  et 
armis  at  a  military  Council  at 
Gloucester  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall.  Ordered  to 
attend  a  muster  at  Worcester 
21  November  1294  for  ser- 
vice against  the  Welsh  ;  and 
also  at  Portsmouth  on  the  ist 
of  September  preceding,  and 
at  Plymouth  i  November  1295  for  service  in  Gas- 
cony. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars.  Summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed, 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  and  Roxburgh  across  the 
border  1299-1319.  One  of  the  besiegers  of  Caer- 
laverock  Castle  11  July  1300. 


Une  grant  feignour,  mult  honnore, 
Pus-je  ben  nommer  le  cinkime, 
Phellipe  le  feigneur  de  Kyme, 
Ky  portoit  rouge  o  un  cheveron 
De  or  croifllllie  tot  environ. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  KYME  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Febru- 
ary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part 
of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  shown.  The  seal  seems  to  be  identical  with 
the  counter  seal  here  given  together  with  the  seal  of 
Philip  de  Kyme,  knt.,  // Dom.  Will,  de  Kyme  1283, 
attached  to  Harleian  Charter  52  H.  11.,  British 
Museum  (Catalogue  No.  11,146). 


Summoned  (19  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308.  Earnestly  requested 
2  August  1310  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  8  September.  Proffered  the  above 


A  great  lord,  much  honoured, 
May  I  well  name  the  fifth, 
Philip  the  lord  of  Kyme, 
Who  bore  red  with  a  chevron 
Of  gold  surrounded  by  crosslets. 

service,  performed  by  three  "servientes"  with  three 
barded  horses,  at  the  muster  at  Tweedmouth 
24  September.  Requested  28  May  1311  to  proceed 
against  the  Scots  with  as  many  followers  as  he  can 
raise,  as  Bruce  was  preparing  to  ravage  the  north, 
also  requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign, 
as  the  Scots  .  had  invaded  Durham  in  June  and 
unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August. 
One  of  the  justices  assigned  22  November  1317 
for  suppressing  illegal  meetings  in  the  Lindesay 
division  of  Lincolnshire.  Ordered  1 2  November  1 32 1 
to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting  of  the  "Good 
Peers  "  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  I>ancaster  to 
be  held  at  Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  1322 
to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he 
could,  and  (i4th)  to  muster  at  Coventry  (24th)  for  the 
purpose  of  marching  against  the  rebels  or  adherents 
of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Borough- 
bridge  was  fought  1 6  March.  He  died  the  same  year 


Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  687;  II.  cliv.  3, 
1053 ;  Roll  of  Cacrlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  2 ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,147. 


148 


JOHN  PAYNEL,   LORD   OF  OTLEY  IN  YORKSHIRE. 


3)ol)n  $apnel,  3UrU  of  Dtlep  in  gorfcslnre, 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  bars,  with  eight  martlets  "in  manner  of  bordure  assis." 
«    S'  +  lOH'IS  *  PAYN6L  + 


JOHN  PAYNEL  was  summoned  to  the  parliament 
of  Lincoln  in  St.  Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1, 
and  as  D'N'S.  DE  OTTELEYE  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons, 
as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Com- 
munitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  shown 
above. 

One  John  Paynel  of  Drax,  in  Yorkshire,  was 
summoned  to  parliament  from  19  December  1299  to 
25  August  1318.  But  for  the  difference  in  the  coat 
of  arms  his  identity  with  John  of  Otley  would  have 


Un  bacheler  jolif  e  cointe, 

De  amours  e  de  artnes  bien  acointe, 

Avoint-il  a  compaignon, 

Johans  Paignel  avoit  a  non, 

Ke  en  la  baniere  verde  peinte, 

Portoit  de  or  fin  la  manche  peinte. 


been  most  probable ;  even  so  the  arms  of  John  of 
Drax  appear  reversed  for  John  of  Otley  in  a  roll  of 
the  arms  of  the  "  magnates  "  assembled  at  the  parlia- 
ment of  Salisbury  24  February  1296-7  (see  also  Will 
Paynel). 

John  Paynel  served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was 
summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick-upon  Tweed  and  Newcastle  -  upon  -  Tyne 
1298-1318.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 

A  handsome  and  accomplished  bachelor, 
Well  acquainted  with  love  and  arms, 
They  had  as  a  companion, 
Whose  name  was  John  Paignel, 
Who  on  a  banner  painted  green 
Bore  a  maunch  of  fine  gold. 


As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  was  informed 
that  the  parliament  summoned  and  prorogued  to 
19  June  1318  v/as  revoked  in  consequence  of  the 
invasion  of  the  Scots. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  769;  II.  div.  3, 
1254;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  139;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
ed.  Wright,  24;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  12,421. 


WALTER  DE  HUNTERCOMBE.  ,49 

Kttalter  DC  ^untercombe, 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23  JUNE    129$   TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 

SEAL,  1301.  -Ermine  two   gemells ;    the    shield    between    two     decorative   wyverns ;     and 

issuant  at  the  top  a  trifurcated  bough. 

*    S'   WALT€RI  :  D€  :  HVNT€RCVMB€. 


WALTER  DE  HUNTERCOMBE,  of  Hunter- 
combe,  Oxon,  was  summoned  to  perform 
military  service  in  person  in  the  first  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  muster  before 
(Bohun)  the  Constable  and  (Bigod)  the  Earl  Marshal 
at  Worcester  July  1277.  He  acknowledged  the  service 
of  one-fourth  part  of  one  knight's  fee  for  the  inherit- 
ance of  his  father,  two  knight's  fees  for  the  inheritance 
of  his  mother,  and  of  one  knight's  fee  and  a  half  for 
the  barony  of  "  Bolebek,"  the  inheritance  of  his  wife, 
performed  by  himself,  two  knights  and  two 
"  servientes."  Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at 
Worcester  17  May  and  at  Rhuddlan  2  August  1282, 
in  the  second  invasion  of  Wales.  At  Rhuddlan 
(2  August)  he  acknowledged  the  service  of  two 
knight's  fees  for  his  part  of  the  inheritance  of  Mus- 
caump  or  Muskharn,  one  knight's  fee  for  the  part  of 
the  inheritance  of  "  Bolbek  "  or  Bulbek,  and  Moun- 
fichet  or  Muntfichet,  held  by  him  as  tenant  by  the 
curtesy,  and  also  half  a  knight's  fee  for  his  father's 
inheritance  in  the  county  of  Bedford,  performed  by 
two  knights  and  three  "  servientes."  Gustos  or  Keeper 
of  the  Isle  of  Man  1290. 

Summoned  July  1287    to    appear  eguis  et  armis 
at  a  military  Council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before 


E  de  Hontercombe  li  beaus 

De  ermine  o  deus  rouges  jutneaus. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  DVs.  DE 
HUNT'COMBE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Ordered  19  July  1302  (then  Warden  of  the 
marches)  to  place  himself  under  the  command  of 
John  de  St.  John.  He  and  Robert  Fitz  Roger 
commanded  9  April  1303  to  lead  the  men  (1000) 
of  Northumberland  to  join  the  King  at  Roxburgh 
12  May.  Further  empowered  14  June  to  raise  the 
forces  of  Northumberland,  in  the  name  of  John  de 
Segrave,  who  was  with  the  King  and  unable  to  act 
there,  to  oppose  the  Scots,  who  had  broken  into 
Annandale,  Lidderdale  and  elsewhere  on  the  marches 
behind  the  King  and  his  army  which  are  beyond  the 
Forth. 

In  1307  he  petitioned  Parliament,  setting  forth 
his  services  in  the  Scottish  wars,  first  at  Berwick  with 
twenty  light  horse,  afterwards  at  Strivelyn  (Stirling) 


Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall. 
To  muster  at  Portsmouth 
i  September  1294,  and  at 
Plymouth  i  November  1295 
for  service  in  Gascony. 
Summoned  to  the  military 
Council  and  to  muster  at 
Worcester,  for  service 
against  the  Welsh,  21  No- 
vember 1294. 

Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  summoned  to  at- 
tend the  muster  at  Norham  June  1 291,  and  at  Carlisle, 
York  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1299-1310.  Governor 
of  Edinburgh  Castle  1296-8,  and  of  the  sheriflTdoms 
of  Lothian,  viz.  Edinburgh,  Linlithgow,  and  Hadding- 
ton.  Warden  of  the  marches  towards  Northuml>er- 
land.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk,  22  July  1298, 
and  ordered  i  December  to  make  a  foray  into  Scot- 
land with  Sir  Simon  Fraser  and  others  with  200  men- 
at-arms.  (Leader  and  commander  of  the  levies  of 
Northumberland  25  November.)  Commissioner  of 
array  1299.  Empowered  14  January  1300  to  arrest 
and  imprison  certain  Northumbrians  who  had  absented 
themselves  from  the  army  after  receiving  pay.  One 
of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1300. 

And  the  handsome  Huntercombe, 
Ermine  with  two  red  gemells. 

with  thirty-two  in  the  retinue  of  Earl  Warren,  next  at 
"la  Vaire  Chapelle "  (Falkirk)  with  thirty  in  the 
retinue  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  and  lastly  at 
Galloway  with  sixteen  ;  and  since  that,  in  the  last 
battle,  he  sent-  eighteen,  though  absent  himself,  being 
Warden  of  the  marches,  towards  Northumberland, 
he  prayed  that  his  scutage  for  all  these  expeditions 
might  be  remitted,  &c.,  &c. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  Septem!x.-r. 
Proffered  the  service  of  four  knight's  fees  for  all  his 
lafTds  in  England,  performed  by  one  knight  and  six 
"  servientes  "  with  eight  barded  horses. 

On  30  August  1320  his  executors  obtained  his 
writ  de  scutagio  for  service  sent  by  him  to 
Scotland  4  Ed.  II. 


Authorities.  —  1'arliaincntury  Writs,  I.,  676;  II.  <liv.  3, 
IO3O;C.S.L).  ;  Arch.vologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  221:  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  137;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  at.  Wright,  16 ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,924. 


WILLIAM  MARSHAL. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  9  JANUARY    1308-9  TO   26   NOVEMBER    1313. 

SEAL,  1301. — Five  fusils  in  bend;  the  shield  between  two  batons  as  hereditary  Marshal  of 
Ireland. 

>J<    S'    WILL'I  :  MAR€SCALLI. 

WILLIAM  MARSHAL,  of  Hingham,  in  Norfolk,  attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed 

was  ordered  to  muster  in  London  2  January  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne   1298-1314.     One  of  the 

1298   for     military    service  in  person  in     Flanders.  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300. 
Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned  to 


E  Guillems  li  Marefcaus, 
Dont  en  Irlande  ot  la  baillie, 
la  bende  de  or  engreellie 
Portoit  en  la  rouge  baniere. 


And  William  le  Marshall, 

Who  in  Ireland  had  the  chief  command, 

A  gold  bend  engrailed 

Bore  on  a  red  banner. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lin- 
coln, he  joined  as  WILL'US  MARESCHALL,  D'N'S.  DE 
HENGH'AM,  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  Feb- 
ruary 1300-1  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

In  28-31  and  34  Ed.  I.  he  sent  the  service  of  one 
knight's  fee,  for  which  his  son  John  obtained  his  writ 
of  exoneration  20  April  1315. 

Walked  in  the  Coronation  procession  bearing  the 
great  golden  spurs  25  February  1308.  Elected  as  one 
of  the  two  Barons  on  the  Committee  of  six  "Ordainers" 
by  whom  the  remaining  fifteen  were  co-opted ;  sworn 
in  the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310  together 
with  the  others. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 


muster  at  Berwick,  8  September.    Proffered  the  service 
of  two  knight's  fees  for  all  his  lands,  performed  by 
three — probably  one  knight  and  two  "  servientes  "- 
with  barded  horses.     Muster  on  the  igth  at  Tweed- 
mouth. 

Requested  28  May  1311  to  proceed  against  the 
Scots  with  as  many  followers  as  he  can  raise,  and  on 
20  July  prohibited  from  attacking  Nicholas  deSegrave 
in  consequence  of  dissensions  between  them  as  to 
the  marshalcy,  see  p.  189.  Died  at  Kannoekburn 
24  June  1314. 

Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  ;6s«  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  727  ;  II.  div.  3,  1143  ;  Archreologia,  xxi.,pt.  I,  214  ; 
Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  2  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of 
Seals,  British  Museum,  11,607. 


CORD    XXII. 

(HO)  iRobert  oe  fIDontalt,  lort  of  ibawarfcen. 
(TO)  ibuob  flints,  1lor^  of  durr^  flDalct. 
(«'2)  Ibcnr^  (Trcoo3,  Xort>  of  (Borino. 
(81)  Milliam  doucbet,  Ttoro  of  Ucvcnbalcs. 


tiroes  (vulj 

steward  >.. 
one  i 


; 


Si- 
side  the  dec. 


J5ummoi 

addi 
M  welt  < 

muni 
shown. 

(   OIll- 

Coronation. 

5   ' 

(8th)  as   • 
for''. 


from 

attend  (h 

(  )bt. 


rv 


ROBERT  DE  MONTALT. 


'53 


idobert  De 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO    13  JUNE    1329. 

SEAL,   1301.—  A  lyon  rampant;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough,  on  either 
side  the  decorative  wyvern  ;  all  within  a  quadrilobe. 

S'    ROB6RTI  :  D€  :  MOVNALT. 


ROBERT  DE  MONTALT,  brother  and  heir  of 
Roger  de  Montalt*,  a  Baron  of  Parliament 
1295-7.  Montalt  was  a  little  hill  in  Flintshire,  of  late 
times  (vulgarly)  called  Moulde  according  to  Dugdale's 
Baronage.  He  held  Hawarden  by  the  service  of 
steward  to  the  Earl  of  Chester ;  Castle  Rising,  in 
Norfolk,  he  derived  from  his  great-grandmother  Cecily, 
one  of  the  sisters  and  co-heirs  of  Hugh  de  Albini, 
Earl  of  Arundel  or  Earl  of  Sussex. 


Robert  de  Monhaut  i  eftoit, 
Ky  molt  haute  entent  metoit 
De  faire  a  haute  honur  atainte ; 
Baniere  avoit  en  afure  teinte, 
O  un  lyoun  rampant  de  argent. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  ROB'TUS  UE  MONTK 
ALTO,  D'N'S.  HAWARDYN,  he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons, 
as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Cotn- 
munitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as  here 
shown. 

Commanded  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation.  Requested  to  attend  at  Dover  4  or 
5  February  to  meet  Queen  Isabel  and  to  form  part 
of  her  suite.  He  and  his  consort  were  summoned 
(8th)  as  from  the  County  of  Bucks  to  attend  the 
Coronation  (25th)  in  the  train  of  the  King  and  Queen. 

Required  5  August  1309  to  raise  100  foot  soldiers 
from  his  lordship  of  Mohautesdale,  and  again 
1 8  June  1 3 1  o.  Earnestly  requested  on  the  same  day  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-on-Tweed  8  September. 
Obtained  writ  of  exoneration  18  June  1315,  having 

*  A  lyon  crowned  or,  carved  and  painted  in  Westminster 
Abbey. 


Said  to  have  served  in  the  Gascon  wars.  John 
(Irey  and  Richard  de  Masey  were  ordered  7  December 
1297  to  raise  three  hundred  foot  soldiers  from  his 
demesnes,  for  service  in  Scotland.  Served  in  the  wars 
with  the  Scots  and  summoned  to  attend  musters  at 
Nottingham,  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweedand 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1297-1323.  Fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 

Robert  de  Montalt  was  there, 

Who  greatly  endeavoured 

To  acquire  high  honour  ; 

He  had  a  banner  of  a  blue  colour, 

With  a  lyon  ram|>ant  of  silver. 


sent  his  service  28-31  Ed.  I.  in  Scotland  for  four 
and  a  quarter  knight's  fees.  Despatched  to  New- 
castle-upon  Tyne  20  June  for  the  defence  of  the 
Scottish  marches,  with  horses  and  arms,  against  the 
Scots  under  Bruce,  who  proceeded  to  invade 
the  Bishopric  of  Durham,  and  unsuccessfully  besieged 
Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August. 

As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed 
June  1318  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots.  Joined 
9  August '1318,  by  the  King's  assent,  in  guaranteeing 
the  treaty  imposing  restrictions  upon  the  royal 
authority. 

Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  12  October  1319, 
such  service  not  having  been  proffered,  &c. 

Enjoined  30  January  1321  to  abstain  from  attend- 
ing any  illegal  or  treasonable  conventions  or  assem- 
blies, and  21  April  requested  to  cooperate  in 
appeasirtg  the  disturbances  (in  Wales).  Ordered 
1 2  November  to  abstain  from  attending  the  meeting 
of  the  "Good  Peers"  illegally  convened  by  the  Earl 
of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncastcr. 


'54 


ROBERT  DE   MONTALT.-HVGH  POYNTZ. 


Enjoined  6  February  1322  to  raise  as  many  men- 
at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  could,  and  (i4th) 
ordered  to  muster  at  Coventry  (28th)  to  march 
against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of  the  Earl  of 
Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought 
17  March  1321-2. 

Requested  9  April  1322  (and  again  12  April  1323) 
to  raise  too  foot  soldiers  from  his  lordships  of  East 
Rhuddlan  and  Hawardyn.  Among  the  men-at- 
arms  of  the  County  of  Bucks  between  the  ages 
of  1 6  and  60  he  was  returned  (31  October)  as  a  Baron 
and  as  fit  for  service. 

Commanded  27  November  1322  to  assemble 
as  many  men-at-arms  as  he  could  over  and  above  his 
usual  train  in  case  of  invasion,  and  on  10  December 
commanded  to  march  to  York  at  their  head.  Com- 
manded 1 8  April  1323  to  provide  pack-saddles  for 
the  use  of  the  army. 

Returned  to  attend  the  Great  Council  at  West- 
minster 30  May  1324.  "Gustos"  or  one  of  the 
commanders  appointed  23  July  1324  to  defend  the 
sea-shores  in  the  counties  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk. 


Commanded  4  August  1324  to  hold  himself  in 
readiness  to  perform  military  service  in  person  for  the 
defence  of  the  Duchy  of  Aquitaine  ;  and  to  muster  at 
Portsmouth  17  March  1325.  Anselm  le  Mareschall 
and  Johan  de  Whelnetham  were  retained  by  him  for 
service  in  Gascony.  Requested  26  February  1325 
to  furnish  one  man-at-arms  and  ten  foot  soldiers  from 
his  lordship  of  Mohautesdale  to  perform  service  in 
Gascony. 

One  of  the  extraordinary  Council  at  Bristol 
26  October  1326,  and  joined  in  the  election  of 
Edward  III.,  then  Duke  of  Aquitaine,  as  Regent  and 
"  Gustos  "  of  the  kingdom. 

At  his  death  his  estates  passed  by  settlement  to 
Isabel  Queen  Consort  of  England,  mother  of 
Edward  III.,  and  on  her  death  to  John  of  Eltham, 
brother  of  the  King. 


Authorities.  —  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  346  ;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  743;  II.  div.  3,  1184  ;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  133  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  3  ;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,863. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   24  JUNE    1295    TO    26   AUGUST    1307. 

SEAL*  OF  HIS  SON  NICHOLAS,  1301.— Barry,  a  label  of  five  points.     Over  the  shield  a  helm 
with  fan  plume  ;  on  either  side  a  scroll. 

S'  NICHOLAI  :  POINZ. 


HUGH  POYNTZ,  of  Curry  Malet,  Somerset, 
knight,  was  summoned  to  perform  military 
service  in  person  in  the  first  expedition  against 
Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  and  to  attend  musters  at 
Worcester  July  1277  and  at  Carmarthen  15  July; 
acknowledged  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  in  Cory 
Malet,  performed  by  himself.  Ordered  2  July  1282 
to  continue  in  West  Wales  for  the  second  invasion, 
and  to  attend  the  musters  of  6  December  1282  and 
May  1283.  Summoned  to  parliament  at  Shrewsbury 
30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of 
Lewelin  ;  the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds, 
trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin. 


Summoned  also  to  a 
military  Council  to  be  held 
at  Gloucester  before  Ed- 
mund, Earl  of  Cornwall,  July 
1287,  and  to  another  at 
Worcester  2 1  November  1 294, 
to  serve  against  the  Welsh. 

Served  in  the  Scottish 
wars.  Summoned  to  attend 

musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  York,  Carlisle  and 
at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1298-1306.  Fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298  ;  was  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


E  la  baniere  Hue  Pointz 
Eftoit  barree  de  viij  poinx, 
De  or  e  de  goules  ovelment. 


And  the  banner  of  Hugh  Point/, 
Was  barry  of  eight  pieces 
Of  or  and  gules  *  equally. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  CORIMALET 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Sent,  28,  31  and  34  Ed.  I.,  the  service  in  Scotland 
of  one  knight's  fee  for  lands  which  afterwards  were 
held  by  Hugo  Poyntz,  his  kinsman,  8  June  1315; 


by  a  deed  dated  i   Ed.  II.   1308,  Nicholas  his  son, 
then  aged  thirty,  was  found  to  be  his  heir. 

*  These  were  the  arms  of  Brian  Fitz  Alan  and  "  were  in 
dispute."  In  some  tracings  the  tinctures  are  reversed. 

Authorities.— Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  788;  II.  div.  3, 
1303;  Arcrueologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  216;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  155  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  «</.  Wright,  9;  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  12,745. 


HENRY  TREGOZ. 


•55 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   22   JANUARY    1304-5   TO    14  MARCH    1 32 1-2. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  bars  gemel,  in  chief  a  lyon  passant  (guardant) ;  the  shield  between  two 
decorative  eagles  and  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough  ;  all  within  a  pointed  Gothic  quatre- 
foyle  panel,  between  the  lobes  the  legend* 

TR  A  €(G~OZ)  A  SV-TH  A  S€~X. 


HENRY  DE  TREGOZ,  of  Goring,  in  Sussex, 
was  summoned  with  about  sixty  others  to 
attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs,  and  wasexcepted 
(i4th)  from  the  general  summons  to  serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  He  was  returned  in 
129635  a  knight  holding  lands  within  the  Rape  of 
Arundel.  Ordered  July  1 297  to  serve  in  parts  beyond 
the  seas  and  on  8  September  to  appear  equis  et  armis 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in 
England.  The  King  had  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August. 

Knight  of  the  shire  returned  from  Sussex  for  the 
parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary  13-20  January 
1300-1;  obtained  his  writ  tie  expensis  tested  at  Notting- 
ham 30  January  1301,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  GARYNGES  he 
joined  in  the  Barons'  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February),  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  shown. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  sum- 
moned to  serve  in  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
York  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1323. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation,  and  (8  February)  he  and  his  consort  were 
summoned  as  from  the  County  of  Sussex  to  attend  in 
the  train  of  the  King  and  Queen  25  February  1307-8. 


Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  Septeml>er,  and  ap|X>inted 
25  November  1312  one  of  the  keepers  of  the  peace 
of  the  County  of  Sussex. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign. 
The  Scots  had  invaded  the  bishopric  in  June  and 
unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August. 
Further  requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in 
appeasing  the  disturbances  in  the  Welsh  marches  in 
connection  with  Despcncer  junior. 

Commanded  9  March  1323  to  serve  against  the 
Scots  and  to  raise  as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot 
soldiers  as  he  could  over  and  above  his  contingent 
due  by  tenure;  and  18  April  to  provide  pack-saddles 
for  the  army,  in  case  the  wagon  train  should  be 
dispensed  with. 

*  This  is  another  <>i  the  few  Barons'  seals  unnoticed  in 
the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  and  although  the  legend 
TRK[(1OZ]  SVTHSKX  is  clear  enough,  the  Editor  of  the 
AiKCstor  has  evidently  considered  it  safer  to  leave  its  solution 
to  his  readers  ;  see  also  notes  to  de  Tony,  p.  115;  Mustang, 
p.  161  ;  and  Nich.  de  Segrave,  p.  189. 

Authorities.  —  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  352  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  ^6f>n ;  Parliamentary  \Vrits,  I.,  869;  II.  div.  3, 
1521  ;  Arch.vologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  220. 


1 56 


WILLIAM   TOUCH ET. 


SSttlltam  CoucUet. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   29  DECEMBER    1299  TO    3    NOVEMBER    1306. 
SEAL,  1301. — Crusily  fitchy  and  a  lyon  rampant. 

16  :  SV  :  S€L  :  D€  :  AMVR  :  L€L.* 

(I  am  the  seal  of  love  that's  leal.) 


WILLIAM  TOUCHET,  of  Levenhales,  is  said  to 
have  served  in  Gascony.  He  served  in  the  wars 
with  the  Scots,  and  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at 
York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne  and  at  Roxburgh  across  the  border  1297-1317. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
LEVENHALES  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (i 2  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick  8  September,  and  in  July  1311  to 
proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as  many  followers  as 
he  could  raise.  Bruce  was  then  preparing  to  ravage 
the  north. 

He  obtained  pardon  16  October  1313  as  an 
adherent  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  for  his  participation 
in  the  death  of  Gaveston. 


As  William  Tuchet  miles  he  also  obtained  a  pardon 
22  October  1318  as  one  of  the  adherents  of  Thomas, 
Earl  of  Lancaster,  for  all  felonies  and  trespasses 
committed  by  him  up  to  7  August  this  last  past. 

Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from  at- 
tending the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers,"  illegally 
convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at 
Doncaster.  Banneret,  and  taken  in  arms  against  the 
King  in  the  battle  of  Boroughbridge  on  Tuesday  and 
Wednesday  16  and  17  March  1321-2,  and  afterwards 
drawn  and  hanged. 

*  For  a  similar  legend,  JESVY/SEL/DAMVR/LEL,  see 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  1810,  supp.,  p.  I,  and  also  October 
1823. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  355  ;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I.,  872  ;  II.  div.  3,  1529  ;  Archaeologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  220. 


CORD  XXIII. 

(68)  3obn,  Xorb  of  Iktnaston. 

(07)  -Robert  tmsstano,  Horb  be  la  Destrce. 


3lol)n  DC  Bmgeston,  Constable  of  CMnburgl)  Castle 


mnpant  queue  fourci: 
and 


SIGILVM  :  JOHANN  . 


' 

with  • 
and 


-  for  mill  - 


JOHN  DE  KINGESTON,   CONSTAHLE  OF  EDINBURGH  CASTLE. 


'5'; 


3iol)n  De  Btngeston,  Constable  of  OEDinburg!)  Castle. 

NEVER  SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,    1301. — A   lyon  rampant  queue  fourchce ;  the  shield  between  two  decorative  wyverns, 
and  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough. 

*     SIGILVM  :  JOHANN ON.     See  page  xxxvii. 

COUNTER  SEAL. — A  lyon  as  in  the  seal,  encircled  by  a  scroll. 


JOHN  DE  KINGESTON  served  in  the  first 
expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales. 
Proffered  the  service  due  from  Ralph 
Pypard  at  the  muster  before  the  Constable  (Bohun) 
and  Earl  Marshal  (Bigod)  at  Worcester,  and  at 
Carmarthen  July  1277  ;  his  s.rvice  was  transferred  by 
the  King  to  Edmund,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  to  be  per- 
formed under  the  latter  in  West  Wales.  As 
"  serviens "  he  performed  military  service  due  from 
John  de  Lenham  at  the  muster  at  Rhuddlan  2  and  5 
August  1282,  in  the  second  Welsh  invasion. 

Ordered  to  muster  at  London  12  July  1297  for  mili- 
tary service  in  person  eqitiset  annis  in  parts  beyond  the 
seas.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

By  writ  dated  at  Newcastle  25  November  1298 
J.  K.  as  "Conestable  de  Chastel  de  Edinburgh  e 
Visconte  de  meisme  le  lieu  "  is  ordered  to  make  war 
against  the  enemy,  and  Simon  de  Eraser  is  summoned 


to  join  him.  Constable  and  Sheriff  of  Edinburgh 
24  November,  Warden  of  the  castle  25th,  agreed 
February  1301-2  to  keep  castle  and  sheriflTdom  of 
Edinburgh  with  30  men-at-arms  and  40  crossbowmen 
and  archers  until  Pentecost  next,  and  from  4  Sep- 
tember to  Christmas  1302  with  41  men-alarms  and 
40  foot.  He  had  an  allowance  as  knight  banneret  for 
robes  28  Ed.  I.,  1300.  His  retinue  28  February 
1300  i  consisted  of  5  esquires,  7  chargers,  13  hack- 
neys, 21  grooms. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parlianu-nt  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  DVs.  HE  KYNC-ESTON  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1,  by 
the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
here  shown. 

Appointed  16  February  1305-6  one  of  the  four 
deputy  wardens  of  Scotland  till  John  of  Brittany's 


i6o 


JOHN  DE  KINGESTON,  CONSTABLE   OF  EDINBURGH   CASTLE. 


arrival.  Thanked  20  May  1308  for  his  fidelity  as 
reported  by  the  Earl  of  Richmond,  and  requested  to 
persevere  in  affording  counsel  and  aid  for  the  further- 
ance of  the  King's  affairs  in  Scotland. 

As  one  of  the  followers  of  Roger  Dammory  he 
obtained  a  pardon  (25  August  1321),  afterwards 
revoked,  for  all  felonies,  &c.,  committed  in  the  pursuit 
of  the  Despencers. 

In  arms  against  the  King  at  the  battle  of  Borough- 


bridge  17  March  1321-2,  and  fled  to  parts  beyond  the 
seas.  By  writ  dated  at  Newcastle  upon-Tyne  2  August 
the  Sheriffs  of  Somerset  and  Dorset,  Warwick, 
Leicester  and  Wilts  are  ordered  to  pursue  him  and 
others,  with  hue  and  cry. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  773^  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  688  ;  II.  div.  3,  1056;  C.S.D.  ;  Archajologia,  xxi., 
pt.  i,  223;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
11,171-2. 


ROHERT  HASTANG. 


161 


Bobert 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT    IQ   UECEMIiER    1311. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  lyon  rampant  queue  fourchee,  over  all  a  barrulet ;  the  shield  between  two 
decorative  wyverns  and  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough. 

^    SIGILLVM  :  ROB6RTI  :  HASSTANG. 

COUNTER  SEAL.* — A  lyon  as  the  seal,  encircled  by  the  legend 
«    BON  :  IVR  :  €IT  :  K€  :  S€  :  S€L  :  D€IT. 


ROBERT  HASTANG,  of  Leamington  Hastang, 
county  Warwick,  was  summoned  to  attend 
the  muster  and  military  Council  at  Worcester 
21  September  1294  for  service  against  the  Welsh. 
Served  also  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  sum- 
moned to  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1296  and 
1317  and  at  York  1298.  Ordered  to  muster  at 
London  for  service  beyond  the  seas  7  July  1 297  ;  the 
King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Sheriff  of  Roxburgh  and  Constable  of  the  Castle 
1298,  when  it  is  recorded  that  he  lost  two  bays  and  a 
"  sorbanzan  horse  "  in  sallies  with  the  Castle  garrison 
against  the  enemy.  He  reported  to  the  King  the 
proceedings  of  the  insurgent  magnates  at  Peebles, 
their  quarrels,  the  demand  of  Sir  David  Graham  for 
Sir  Will.  Wallace's  lands  and  goods  as  he  was  going 
abroad  without  leave,  and  the  objections  of  his 
brother,  Sir  Malcolm  Wallace;  how  these  two  knights 
gave  each  other  the  lie  and  drew  their  knives,  how  Sir 
John  Comyn  took  the  Earl  of  Carrick  by  the  throat, 
and  how  the  Earl  of  Buchan  laid  violent  hands  on  the 


Bishop  of  St.  Andrews.  The  Bishop,  Bruce  and 
Comyn,  when  elected  guardians  20  August  1299, 
appointed  Sir  Ingram  de  Umfraville,  Sheriff  of  Rox- 
burgh and  Sir  Robert  de  Keith,  Warden  of  Selkirk 
forest,  &c.  -The  next  year  Hastang  was  again 
Captain,  Sheriff  and  guardian  of  the  Castle  and 
county  of  Roxburgh,  with  20  men-at-arms  of  his 
retinue,  30  crossbowmen  and  70  archers,  &c. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  LA  DESIK£K  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February  1300-1) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part 
of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his 
seal  as  here  shown. 

*  The  casts  of  the  Seal  ami  the  Counter  Seal  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  British  Museum  have  evidently  drifted  apart. 
The  official  catali>gue  descrilies  the  Counter  Seal  as  the  Seal  of 
Nicholas  de  Segrave,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  did  not  seal 
the  Barons'  letter  ;  the  Anctstar  omits  the  Counter  Seal  on 
the  authority  of  the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  but  without 
acknowledgment  1  See  also  notes  to  Tre^'/.  p.  155  :  de  Tony, 
p.  115  ;  and  Nic.  de  Segrave,  p.  189. 


1 62 


ROBERT  HASTANG. 


Joint  surveyor  with  Sir  Alex,  de  Balliol  for  erecting 
the  fortress  of  Selkirk  12  February  1301-2,  and 
appointed  Marshal  of  Berwick  for  his  laudable 
services. 

Robert  Hastang,  Valett',  appointed  Sheriff  of 
Peeblesshire  in  parliament  September  1305.  Jousted 
at  the  first  Dunstable  tournament  1308. 

Commanded  9  October  1311  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Carlisle  (3  November)  with  ten  men-at-arms  to 
perform  service  in  the  marches,  receiving  pay  for 
the  same.  The  Scots  under  Bruce  were  threatening 
invasion.  Had  grants  of  lands  of  several  Scottish 
rebels,  in  lieu  of  other  lands,  20  March  1311-12. 
One  of  the  commissioners  zoEd.  II.,  1316-17,  to  treat 
with  Robert  de  Brus  and  his  nobles  upon  a  truce. 


Ordered  to  deliver  the  custody  of  Norham  Castle,  with 
its  armature  and  provisions,  to  John  Darcy,  cousin  of 
the  King. 

Empowered  16  December  1318  to  raise  and  arm 
all  the  men  and  tenants  on  his  lands  beyond  the 
Trent.  Summoned  generally  9  May  1324  to  attend 
the  Great  Council.  Had  a  grant  of  ,£100  a  year  out 
of  the  issues  of  the  manor  and  town  of  Kingston- 
upon-Hull,  which  he  holds  for  life,  confirmed  by  the 
King  26  January  1327-8. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  773;;  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  659  ;  II.  div.  3,  980;  C.S.D.  ;  Archxologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  218;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
10,526,  13,40x5. 


CORD   XXIV. 

(64)  Walter,  Xoro  of  fauconberg. 

(65)  -Roger  le  Strange,  loro  of  eilesmere. 
(87)  3obn  fits  fl&armaoufce,  Xoro  of  Doroen. 

(66)  3obn  le  Breton,  Xoro  of  Sporle. 

( The  position  of  this  Seal,  taken  from  Series  B.,  is  determine!!  hy  tht 
endorsement  of  Series  A.) 

(86)  feenr?  &e  (Bre^,  lort>  of  Co^nor. 


DC  fauconberg. 


fcss 
1'ithic  panel. 


three 


SIGILLVM  :  WAI 


WAI  \IVOX1 

I    Cleveland,  u;.',  and  <  i 
<\  Vorksli,  •Itcr,  by  A 

coheir  -of  Peter  de  I'.nis  of  Skelton  < 
\vh  ••  *ent,  a  lion  rampant  azure). 

He  or  his  father  served   in   the  U'elsh  wars,  .aid 
•••)   de   Hovynton  (Boynton),  on   his  behalf, 

third 

part  (if  the  I'.rus  lands. 

against    Lewelin,    !  'noncd    to 

attend  the  muster  at  \\  . 

.   attend 

N 

to  tlu:   |iarlianient  . 
• 

• 
of  l^ewelin. 

l>ear   15  July  1287  eym 
at  a  military  '  . 

nd,    Karl   ut    (  8  June  1294,'  with 

y  other  "  ina:  attend   the   King 

•on    i!i  ;;h)    fron 

general  surmii"-  ::ithe  Ku 

in       <   r.l 

7  Jul>'  ' 


;   the  shie 


D!€  FAVCVM8G€. 


•irthwith  t. 
un.i.  \\'areniH. 

o    i,  and  . 
he    join.-d.in    the    letter    add" 

,rt  ^ 

AVR. 

\Vrii 

,   was 
- 

;  lor  the  ; 

. 

and  had 
Cat.  A 


WALTER  HE  FAUCONRERG. 


•65 


Oltaltcr  Ue  f  auconberg. 

SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT   23   JUNE    1295    TO   24  JULY    1301. 

SEAL,  1301.— A  fess  and  in  chief  three  palets  ;   the  shield  surrounded  by  scrolls  within  a 
sizefoyle  Gothic  panel. 

»fc    SIGILLVM  :  WALC DJ€  FAVCVMB'G€. 


WALTER  UE  FAUCONBERG,  of  Skelton 
Castle,  in  Cleveland,  1272,  and  of  Ryse  in 
Holdernesse,  &c.,  in  Yorkshire  (/.  Walter,  by  Agnes, 
sister  and  co-heir  of  Peter  de  Brus  of  Skelton  Castle, 
who  bore  argent,  a  lion  rampant  azure). 

He  or  his  father  served  in  the  Welsh  wars,  and 
by  Ingram  de  Bovynton  (Boynton),  on  his  behalf, 
proffered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  for  one-third 
part  of  the  Brus  lands.  Served  in  the  first  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales.  Summoned  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  July  1277,  before  the 
Constable  (Bohun)  and  the  Earl  Marshal  (Bigod). 
Served  also  in  the  second  Welsh  expedition ;  sum- 
moned to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  17  May 
1282,  and  at  Montgomery  May  1283.  Summoned 
to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  30  September  1283 
for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin ;  the  writ 
(28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death 
of  Lewelin. 

Summoned  to  appear  15  July  1287  tquis  et  arnris 
at  a  military  Council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before 
Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  also  8  June  1294,  with 
about  sixty  other  "  magnates,"  to  attend  the  King 
on  urgent  affairs,  and  excepted  (i4th)  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony,  but  summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at 
Portsmouth  i  September  for  service  in  Gascony. 
Ordered  to  muster  at  London  7  July  1297  for  service 
in  parts  beyond  the  seas ;  the  King  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August. 


Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Norham  June  1291,  and  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York  and  Berwick- 
upon  Tweed  1296-1303.  Enjoined  6  October  1297 
to  proceed  forthwith  to  Scotland  to  join  the  for.  cs 
under  Joh'es  de  Warenne,  Earl  of  Surrey  and 
Sussex  (sic). 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  FAUCUMH'CIK 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  shown. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum  tested  at  Burstwick 
6  November,  32  Ed.  I.,  1304;  the  Brus  lyon  was 
assumed  in  lieu  of  the  Fauconbcrg  coat. 

His  son  Walter  petitioned  in  1314  for  the  restora- 
tion of  the  manor  of  Hert,  held  of  his  family  by  three 
generations  of  Bruces,  granted  on  the  forfeiture  of 
Robert,  Earl  of  Carrick,  to  the  late  Robert  de  Clifford. 
He  lost  his  eldest  son  and  his  people  slain  at  Stirling, 
and  had  to  ransom  his  youngest  son  for  500  marks.— 
Cal.  Scots.  Docs. 


.Authorities.  -  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  352  ;  Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  591  ;  I'.S.D.  ;  Aroh-i-ologia,  xxi.,  pi.  I, 
214  ;  Dr.  Kirch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  9,637. 


i66 


ROGER  LE  STRANGE  OF  ELLESMERE. 


Boger  Ic  Strange  of  <£UeBtwre, 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   24  JUNE    1295    AND   26   AUGUST    1296. 

SEAL,  1301. — Two  lyons  passant,  within  a  bordure  engrailed  for  a  mark  of  cadency.     The 
shield  suspended  by  the  guige  from  a  hook  amidst  scroll  work. 


SIR  ROGER  LE  STRANGE,  of  Ellesmere, 
Salop,  by  gift  of  his  brother  Hamon,  who  died 
on  crusade  in  the  Holy  Land.  Sheriff  of  Yorkshire 
1 269  and  1272.  As  bailiff  of  the  honour  of  Pec  (Peak), 
in  Derbyshire,  he  was  prosecuted  for  various  extortions 
1273.  Justice  of  the  forests  citra  Trentam  1285,  and 
justice  in  eyre  of  the  forests  in  the  county  of  Derby, 
&c.,  1297.  Steward  of  the  Household  1279-80. 

This  marcher  lord  was  ordered  28  December 
1276  to  prohibit  his  vassals  from  furnishing  provisions 
or  supplies  to  the  Welsh  rebels.  He  was  summoned 
to  the  muster  at  Worcester  July  1277  for  service  in 
person  in  the  first  expedition  against  Lewelin,  Prince 
of  Wales.  Ordered  25  March  1282  to  place  himself 
and  his  forces  under  Roger  le  Mortuo  Mari  (Mortimer), 
captain  and  lieutenant  for  his  part  of  the  marches  in 
the  second  Welsh  invasion,  he  was  also  ordered  to 
muster  at  Rhuddlan  2  August  following. 

Tenant  by  the  courtesy  of  the  third  part  of  the 
Barony  of  Beauchamp,  performed  his  service  in 
Ellesmere  by  the  King's  command  in  the  comitiva 
of  Roger  le  Mortuo  Mari  10  Ed.  I.  On  30  October 
of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  capitaneus  of  the 
King's  forces  in  the  fortresses  of  Whitchurch, 
Osewaldestre  and  Montgomery.  Ordered  also  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Montgomery  May  1283,  and 
summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  30  Sep- 
tember 1 283  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  Lewelin  ; 
the  writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses 
and  death  of  Lewelin. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 


Council  at  Gloucester  before  the  regent,  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  October  1288.  Having  been 
appointed  on  25  June  commander  of  the  expedition 
against  Resus  films  Mereduci  (Rhys  ab  Maredudd, 
i.e.  ap  Meredyth),  Peter  Corbet,  Bogo  dc  Knovill, 
Fulk  FitzWarine,  John  L'Estrange,  and  Owen  // 
Griffin  were  commanded  to  obey  him.  Enjoined 
14  November  1287,  and  again  12  November  1288,  to 
reside  on  his  demesnes  and  lordships  until  the 
rebellion  of  "  Resus  "  should  be  put  down. 

King's  messenger  at  the  Court  of  Rome  1291-2. 
Summoned  to  muster  at  Portsmouth  i  September 
1294  for  military  service  in  person  in  Gascony. 
Ordered  1 8  and  27  October  1294  to  join  the  forces 
under  Richard,  Earl  of  Arundel,  destined  for  the  relief 
of  the  Castle  of  Bere,  then  besieged  by  Madog  ab 
Morgan  and  Maelgwn  Vychan,  who  were  in  revolt. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  DOMINUS  DE  ELLESMERE 
in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February 
1300-1)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

In  1303  he  sent  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee, 
for  which  Bartholomew  de  Badlesmere  obtained  writ 
of  exoneration.  In  1306  he  had  the  grant  of  the 
manor  of  Hitchin  for  life.  Died  July  or  August  1311. 

Authorities.  —Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  352  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  766« ;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  849;  II.  div.  3, 
1471  ;  C.S.D.  ;  Archa-ologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  215;  see  Dr.  Birch's 
Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum  11,315. 


JOHN  FITZMARMADUKE. 


167 


NEVER  SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301. — A  fess  between  three  popinjays,  encircled  by  the  legend 

CR€D€     MICHI. 


T  OHN  FITZMARMADUKE,  eldest  son  of  Mar- 
maduke   FitzGeffrey,  lord   of  Hordene,  in  the 
Bishopric   of  Durham.      As   a   knight  he  per- 
formed service  in  the  second  Welsh  invasion,  due 
by  the  Bishop  of  Durham  ;  summoned  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Rhuddlan  2  August  1282. 


Although  his  name  does  not  appear  in  the  military 
summons  to  Scotland,  he  fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk 
22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  u  July  1300. 


Oe  Johan  le  fis  Mermenduk, 
Ke  tuit  prifoient,  prince  e  due, 
E  autre  ke  li  conoiflbient, 
La  baniere  renbelliflbient 
La  feffe  e  li  trois  papegai, 
Ke  a  davifer  blancs  en  rouge  ai. 


Of  John  Fitzmarmaduke, 

Whom  all  esteemed,  prince  and  duke, 

And  others  who  knew  him, 

The  banner  was  adorned 

With  fess  and  three  popinjays, 

Which  were  painted  white  on  a  red  field. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  JOH'S  FIL'  MERMEDUCI,  D'N'S. 
DE  HORDENE,  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February  1300-1)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England, 
and  attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Ordered  to  keep  the  Earl  of  Lincoln's  lands  at 
Strogrith  15  February  till  Easter  1302,  with  twenty 
men-at-arms,  his  pay  to  be  sent  to  Bothwell  Castle 
monthly.  The  next  year  he,  with  Robert  Haunsard, 
led  500  men  from  the  Bishopric,  to  muster  at  Gates- 
head,  on  their  way  to  join  the  King  at  Roxburgh. 
Authorised  by  the  community  of  the  Bishopric  of 
Durham  to  accept  the  King's  mediation  between  them 
and  the  Bishop.  Commanded  30  September  1307  to 
assist  the  Earl  of  Richmond  in  expelling  Robert  de 
Brus  and  the  Scottish  rebels  from  Galloway,  and 


also  (18  October)  to  repair  to  Scotland  with  all  his 
forces  as  well  for  the  defence  of  the  country  in 
general  as  of  his  own  possessions  in  particular. 
Thanked  for  his  fidelity  (20  May  1308)  and  re- 
quested to  continue  stationed  in  the  garrison  in 
which  he  then  was.  In  June  Joint  Warden  beyond 
the  Scottish  sea  between  Forth  and  Orkney.  His 
armour  "and  provisions  in  a  vessel  bound  for  Perth 
were  arrested  off  Yarmouth  in  1309.  Warden  or 
Governor  of  St.  John's  town  or  Perth  1310  until  his 
death  after  September  1311.  His  bones  were  buried 
in  Durham  Cathedral. 


Authorities.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  7.72/1 ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  604;  II.  div.  3,  865;  C.S.D.  ;  Arcrueologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  222;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  139;  Caerlaverock 
Roll,  ed.  Wright,  34,  28,  29. 


i68 


JOHN  LE  BRETON. 


3iol)n  le  Breton. 

NEVER  SUMMONED  TO  PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301. — Per  cross  and  a  bordure;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  hook  and  encircled  by 
the  legend,  amidst  scroll  work. 

A  :  TVZ    SALVZ. 


JOHN  LE  BRETON,  of  Sporle,  in  Norfolk,  has 
been  identified  with  John  le  Breton  of  Essex 
(v.  Morant,  History  of  Essex  n.  241,  and 
Blomfield's  History  of  Norfolk  in.,  p.  341).  He 
appears  to  have  been  the  son  of  William  le  Bretun, 
who  died  45  Henry  III.  Sir  F.  Palgrave,  the 
editor  of  the  "Parliamentary  Writs,"  doubts  whether 
all  the  entries  here  grouped  relate  to  one  individual. 

Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester 
17  May  1282  for  the  second  invasion  of  Wales. 

Knight  of  the  shire  for  Essex  in  the  parliament 
at  Westminster  July  1290.  Enrolled  (1296)  for  the 
defence  of  the  sea  coast.  A  knight  holding  lands 
within  the  county  of  Essex,  but  non-resident  in  the 
county.  "  Gustos  "  of  the  city  of  London  1296,  and 
for  the  protection  of  the  sea  coast ;  was  present  in 
the  Court  of  Aldermen  and  Common  Council 
29  March,  and  on  3  November  for  the  purpose  of 
electing  citizens,  to  appear  in  the  Bury  St.  Edmund's 
parliament. 

Summoned  to  a  military  Council  to  be  held 
before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in 
England,  at  Gloucester  July  1287,  and  again  22  Sep- 
tember 1 297  ;  on  10  October  he  was  one  of  those  who 
engaged  to  induce  the  King  to  remit  his  displeasure 


against  the  Earls  of  Hereford  and  Norfolk  and  John 
de  Ferrers,  consequent  on  their  refusal  to  serve 
in  Gascony  without  the  King. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  SPORLE  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February  1300-1)  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown. 

Summoned  from  the  counties  of  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk  to  perform  military  service  in  person  against 
the  Scots,  and  to  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
24  June  1301. 

Commanded  (18  Tanuary)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308. 

By  inquisition  taken  21  June  4  Ed.  II.  it  was 
found  that  he  died  possessed  of  certain  demesnes  in 
Boxsted,  Essex,  and  that  Matilda,  the  daughter  of 
Johannes  le  Breton,  junior,  wife  of  Richard  de  la 
Rivere,  was  his  next  heir. 


Autliorilies.  —  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  771?*  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  497  ;  II.  div.  3,  592  ;  Archreologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  222  ; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  7,783. 


HENRY  I)E  GREY,  LORD  OF  CODNOR. 


169 


De  d5rep,  Hotfc  of  CoDnor. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6  FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO  6  AUOUST    1 308. 

SEAL,  1301. — Barry;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough,  issuing  on  both  sides, 
and  encircled  by  the  legend. 

*    L€l T€ 

S  .        .  VNT€. 


HENRY  GREY,  of  Codnore,  co.  Derby  (/ 
John  of  the  same),  was  summoned  to  appear 
equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  at  Gloucester 
July  1287,  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Gloucester.  Seven 
years  later  he  was  summoned  (8  June  1294)  with 
about  sixty  other  "  magnates "  to  attend  the  King 
upon  urgent  affairs,  and  excepted  (t4th)  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony,  but  in  November  1295  summoned  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Plymouth  for  service  in  person  ; 


also  to  muster  at  Sandwich  in  November  and 
December  1297,  and  the  next  month  at  London,  for 
service  in  Flanders;  the  King  had  embarked  22  August. 
Served  also  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots ;  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Nottingham  7  July  1297,  at 
York  25  May  1298,  and  at  Carlisle  24  June  1300. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and 
was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
ii  July  1300. 


Henri  de  Grai  vi-je  la, 
Ki  ben  e  noblement  ala 
Ovec  fon  bon  feignour  le  Conte  ; 
Banier  avoit,  e  par  droit  conte, 
Be  fis  pecys  la  vous  mefur, 
Barree  de  argent  e  de  afur. 


I  saw  there  Henry  de  Grey, 

Who  well  and  nobly  attended 

With  his  good  lord  the  Earl. 

He  had  a  banner,  and  reckoned  rightly, 

I  give  it  you  as  of  six  pieces 

Barry  of  silver  and  blue. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  CODENORE  in  the 
Barons'  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February 
1300-1),  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown. 

In  31  Edward  I.,  1303,  he  granted  his  manor  of 
Barton  in  Ridale  to  Nicholas  de  Grey. 

Lord  Grey  and  his  consort  were  summoned 
(8  February)  as  from  the  County  of  Essex  to  attend 


the  Coronation  in  the  train  of  the  King  and  Queen 
25  February  1307-8  ;  he  died  shortly  after. 

Having  performed  service  28  and  31  Edward  I., 
Richard,  his  son  and  heir,  obtained  writ  of  exoneration 
14  March  1315. 

Authorities.-  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  348  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  764/1 ;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  645;  II.  div.  3, 
749;  Arckeologia,  xxi.,  pt.  I,  207-8;  Scotland  in  1298, 
Falkirk,  132  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  «/.  Wright,  3 ;  l)r. 
Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  10,254. 


CORD  XXV. 


(95)  wuiltam  oe  "Res,  Xoro  of  Ibamlahc. 
(94)  THflaltcr  oe  flDoncy,  Xorb  of  Gbornton. 
(97)  IRalpb  jfit3MUliam,  Xor&  of  (5rimtborpe. 

(96)  iRicbolas  &c  fDegmll,  Xort>  of  Mborlton. 


. 


ftftilltam  fte 


of  $amlafce. 


W" 


WILL€LMI    D€    ROS. 


he 


<  the  c< 


<*nsto  &er\c  •rfl>  f| 

1  finally  :. 

moneH 

her  12*.;  I'-.nlie 
/  writ  (jS   Sin 

\\ . 


ami 


of  Willum- 


Gnflli 

I  fu  rouge  o  tr 


Though    not 

•in,  he  joined  as  I         "  .1   the 

addressed   to  the    .  '.ruary    1300   i) 

by  tli'  .is  well  on  their  part  as  on  t! 

the  "Commuii  id,  and  al 

>wn. 

quired   1:  .1  right  of  liis  rtif 

The  I- 

on  the  re!>elli; 
had  joined   th< 

for  other  land  i,g. 

Enjoined  .•  ,,jlf  e,juit 


. 


niiuth  ;i    S 
"Gusto 

'3«S- 


- 
the  i" 

•  inuary)  t 

•    his    fidelity    (20    May     1308) 
me   stationed    in   the  garrison  in 
intly(2i  June)  with 

' 
of  th.  t'  the 


June  and  utwacaet 


people  .    his    coi 


k  16 


WILLIAM  DE  ROS  OF  HAM  LAKE. 


"73 


CTOUtam  De  ftos  of  ^amlafte. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   23  JUNE    1295   TO  6  OCTOBER    1315. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  water  bougets  ;  the  shield  between  two  decorative  wyverns  sans  wings. 

&    S'    WILL€LMI     D€    ROS. 


WILLIAM  fit.  Robert  de  Ros,  knight,  performed 
the  military  service  due  from  Robert  his 
father  in  1277,  via.  six  knight's  fees,  three  for  his  own 
inheritance  and  three  for  the  inheritance  of  his  wife,  who 
was  a  daughter  of  Willielmus  de  Albiniaco  (Albini),  per- 
formed by  himself  and  three  knights  and  four  servientes." 

Served  in  both  expeditions  against  Lewelin,  Prince 
of  Wales,  summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Wor- 
cester in  July  1277  (was  in  the  King's  suite)  ;  also  to 
attend  the  musters  at  Worcester  1 7  May,  and  at  Rhudd- 
lan  2  August  1282,  and  finally  at  Montgomery  in  May 
of  the  following  year.  He  and  his  father  were  summoned 
to  the  council  or  parliament  at  Shrewsbury  30  Septem- 
ber 1 283  for  the  trial  of  David,  brother  of  I^ewelin  ;  the 
writ  (28  June)  recites  the  misdeeds,  trespasses  and 
death  of  Lewelin. 

One  of  the  competitors  to  the  Scottish  Crown  in 
1292  as  descended  from  Isabel,  an  illegitimate  daugh- 
ter of  William  the  Lyon. 


With  about  sixty  other 
"  magnates "  he  was  sum- 
moned 8  June  1294  to  attend 
the  King  upon  urgent  affairs 
of  the  realm  ;  and  (i4lh)  was 
excepted  from  the  general  sum- 
mons to  serve  with  the  King's 
expedition  into  Gascony; 
ordered  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Plymouth  i  November  1295  for  service  in  JHTSOII 
— was  serving  in  Gascony  24  January  1297. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  Norham  1291,  at 
Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed  and  Newcastle-u[x>n- 
Tyne  1300  17.  Governor  of  the  l>order  castle  of 
Werke.  Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July 
1298  ;  was  one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  ii  July  1300. 


Guillemes  de  Ros  affemblans 
I  fu  rouge  o  trois  bouz  blans. 


William  de  Ros  along  with  them 
Was  red  with  three  white  bougets. 


Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  DVs.  DE  HAMELAKE  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  February  1300-1) 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal 
as  shown. 

Acquired  Belvoir  Castle  in  right  of  his  mother. 
The  King  gave  him  Werke  Castle  2  December  1302 
on  the  rebellion  of  his  cousin,  Robert  de  Ros,  who 
had  joined  the  Scots.  His  son  exchanged  Werke 
for  other  lands  in  1317  at  the  request  of  the  King. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  equis 
et  armis  and  all  his  forces,  under  the  command  of 
John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland  ; 
who  was  defeated  at  Rosslyn,  near  Edinburgh,  24 
February.  One  of  the  "Custodes,"  i.e.  Warden  of 
the  marches  (8  November  1307),  appointed  to  resist 
the  incursion  of  the  Scots. 

Summoned  (tg  January)  to  attend  the  ceremony 
of  the  King's  Coronation  in  Westminster  Abbey 
25  February  1307-8. 

Thanked  for  his  fidelity  (20  May  1308)  and 
requested  to  continue  stationed  in  the  garrison  in 
which  he  then  was.  Appointed,  jointly  (21  June)  with 
the  Earl  of  Angus,  to  act  as  the  King's  lieutenant  and 
"Gustos"  in  Scotland,  and  also  (16  August)  in  certain 
events  one  of  the  chief  "  Custodes  "  or  commanders 
of  the  Lowland  country  to  "  guard  this  side  of  the 
Scottish  sea  between  Berwick  and  the  water  of  Forth, 


also  of  the  marches  of  Annandale  and  Carrick  and 
Galloway." 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend 
the  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  Septemlx.-r. 
Proffered  and  performed  the  service  of  two  knight's 
fees,  performed  by  four  "  servientes  "  with  four  barded 
horses;  muster  at  Tweedmouth  2 1  Septemlx;r  1310. 
"Custodes"  of  the  marches  of  Northumberland 

2  August   1313,  and   of  the  counties  beyond  Trent 

3  January  1315. 

Sent  his  service  for  three  knight's  fees  28  and  34 
Edward  I.,  for  which  he  obtained  his  writ  of  exonera- 
tion 29  May  1315.  Requested  30  August  to  continue 
stationed  in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter 
cam]wign,  the  Scots  having  invaded  the  bishopric  in 
June  and  unsuccessfully  besieged  Carlisle  22  July 
to  i  August  Appointed  20  August  1316  to  raise 
and  arm  the  inhabitants  of  the  East  Riding  of  York. 
Proclamations  were  ordered  to  be  mad;  desiring  the 
people  to  obey  his  commands  in  relation  to  the 
general  armament;  writ  20  August  1316. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  (xtremiim  tested  at  York  16 
August,  10  Edward  II.,  1316;  buried  in  Kirkham 
Abbey. 

Autkorilits.  Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  348  ;  Nicolas' 
Synopsis,  76411 ;  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  809;  C.S.D.  ; 
Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  137  ;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  id. 
Wright,  8  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
«3.°93- 


'74 


WALTER  UE  MOUNCY. 


Walter  &e 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO   22   FEBRUARY    1306-7. 

SEAL,  1301. — Chequy  ;  on  a  helm  a  dead  fox? 

S'    WALTCRI  :  D€  :  MOVNCI. 


WALTER  UE  MOUNCY,  of  Thornton  in  Skip- 
ton,  Yorkshire,  served  in  the  wars  with  the 
Scots,  and  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle 
and   Berwick-upon-Tweed    1299-1308.      Fought   at 
the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298;  on  25  October 


following  he  had  a  grant  for  life  of  all  Eyries  of 
Gentil  Falcons  in  the  King's  demesne  lands  in  Scot- 
land in  return  for  the  yearly  payment  at  the  Gule  of 
August  of  "  deux  piers  bien  affaitez.''  He  served  also 
at  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July  1 300. 


Wautiers  de  Money  ajoustez 
Eftoit  en  cele  compaigneye  ; 
Kar  tuit  furent  de  une  maifnie. 


Added  to  these  Walter  de  Money 

Was  in  that  company  ;  * 

For  they  were  all  of  one  household. 


Earl  Warenne  ;  Percy  and  Fit/.  Payne. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1 ;  as  DVs.  DE  THORNETON  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown. 


He  died  keeper  of  Framlingham  Castle  2  Ed.  II. 
1308. 

Authorities.  -  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  754;  II.  div.  3, 
1212;  liankes'  Bar.  Angl.  Cone,  ii.,  105;  Archjeologia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  216,217;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  151; 
Roll  of  Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  6  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue 
of  Seals,  British  Museum,  11,988. 


RALl'H  FITZWILUAM. 


'75 


SUMMONED   TO    t'AKLIAM  EXT    24  JUNE    1295    TO  6   OCTOBKK    1315. 

SEAL,  1 301. —  Barry  (8)  with  three  chaplets.    Over  the  shield  a  helm  with  fan  plume  ;  on  either 
side  a  wingless  wyvern. 

S'  RADVLFI  :  FIL'  :  WILL'I. 


RALPH  FITZWILLIAM,  of  Grimthorpe,  York 
(f.2  William  and  his  wife  Joan,  daughter  of 
Thomas  de  Greystock),  proffered  the  service  due  from 
William  de  Greystock,  for  the  first  Welsh  invasion, 
to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  and  Carmarthen 
in  July  1277  ;  his  service  transferred  by  the  King 
to  Edmund,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  to  be  performed  under 
the  latter  in  West  Wales.  Served  also  in  the  second 
Welsh  invasion,  and  summoned  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Worcester  17  May  1282.  Ordered  to  appear  July 
1287  with  horses  and  arms  at  a  military  Council  to  be 
held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall. 
Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Norham  June  1291,  and  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York  and  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  1297-1316.  Ordered  to  muster  at 
London  in  July  1297  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the 


Rauf  le  filz  Guillieme  autrement 
Ke  cil  de  Valence  portoit ; 
Car  en  lieu  des  merlos  mettoit 
Trois  chapeaus  de  rofis  vermeilles, 
Ki  bien  avienent  a  mervellez. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20 January  1300-1, andas  D'N'S.  DEGRIMTHOKPK 
he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb 
ruary)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached 
his  seal  as  shown. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  e</uis 
et  armis  and  all  his  forces,  under  the  command  of 
John  de  Segrave,  to  repress  the  Scots  rebels,  by  whom 
they  were  defeated  at  Rosslyn  24  February.  On  24  May 
Sir  Rauf  proceeded  to  join  Aymer  de  Valence  with 
1 3  men-at-arms,  "  he  to  be  retained  and  not  allowed 
to  leave  the  King's  service  as  he  did  once  before, 


seas.  Appointed  on  the  i2th  "  Capitaneus"  of  the 
garrisons  and  fortresses  in  Northuml>erland.  Sum- 
moned to  a  military  Council  to  be  held  before  Edward, 
the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England,  tt  Sep- 
tember, from  which  he  was  discharged  on  the  24th 
and  enjoined  to  proceed  forthwith  to  Scotland  to  join 
the  forces  under  John  de  Warenne,  Earl  of  Surrey 
and  Sussex  (sif),  who  had  been  defeated  by  Wallace 
at  Stirling  Bridge  on  the  nth.  Named  1 8  October 
as  one  of  the  captains  of  the  Scottish  marches. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298.  Ap- 
pointed 25  November  following  leader  and  com- 
mander of  the  forces  raised  in  Yorkshire  to  muster 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  before  William  le  I.itiiiu-r 
the  elder  Concerned  in  raids  in  Galloway  7  and 
8  September  1299,  and  served  at  the  siege  of 
Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Ralph  Fit/-\Villiam  differently 
Bore  from  that  of  Valence  ; 
For  instead  of  martlets  he  placed 
Three  chaplets  of  red  roses, 
Which  Ijfcame  him  marvellously 


giving  a  bad  example  to  others,  which  offence  he  can 
only  amend  by  now  remaining  constantly."  Com 
manded  26  October  1309  to  repair  to  his  demesnes 
in  the  marches,  in  order  to  defend  the  same  against 
the  Scots.  Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to 
attend  the  muster  at  Benrick-Upoo-Tweed  on  S  Sep- 
tember. Commanded  9  October  1311  to  attend  the 
muster  ,it  ( 'urlisle  3  Novemlier,  with  twenty  men-at- 
arms,  and  to  perform  service  in  the  marches,  receiving 
pay  for  the  sane.  Amonj;  the  adherents  of  Thomas  of 
Lancaster  who  received  a  pardon  for  their  complicity 
in  the  death  of  Gaveston.  "  Custos,"  i.e.  Warden,  of 
the  marches  of  Cumberland,  2  August  1313. 


1 76 


RALPH  FITZ    WILLIAM-NICHOLAS  DE  MEIN1LL 


October  "  he  reports  that  they  are  grievously  menaced 
with  treason  in  Berwick,  but  if  his  garrison  are  loyal 
they  will  defend  it  against  the  Kings  of  France  and 
Scotland  for  a  while,  till  succour  reaches  them." 

Specially  appointed  9  January  1315  captain  and 
"  Gustos,"  i.e.  governor,  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  and 
the  whole  county  of  Northumberland,  and  on  2yd 
March,  Warden  of  Carlisle  and  the  adjoining  marches. 

In  June  1315  he  informs  the  King  that  the  news 
from  Cumberland  and  Northumberland  is  that  Sir 
Robert  de  Bruys  is  in  the  park  of  Duns  collecting  his 
host  either  to  attack  the  country  towards  York  about 
the  quinzaine  of  St.  John  or  to  lay  siege  to  Berwick. 

Appointed  28  June  1316  one  of  the  "Custodes" 


appointed  for  the  defence  of  the  county  of  York  against 
the  Scots.  Empowered  20  August  to  raise  and  arm 
the  inhabitants  of  the  North  Riding  of  York. 

He  succeeded  in  1305  to  the  lordship  of  Grey- 
stock  ;  this  name  his  grandson  assumed,  though  not 
the  arms,  gules,  three  lozenges  argent  (see  page  181). 
He  founded  the  Greystoke  Chantry  in  Tynemouth 
priory,  and  died  November  1315  ;  buried  at  Nesham, 
Co.  Durham.  The  writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum 
tested  at  Clarendon  18  February,  10  Ed.  II. 

Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  616 ;  II.  div.  3, 
880;  C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  138;  RoIlofCaer- 
laverock,  ed.  Wright,  8;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  9,798. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   22    MAY    1313    TO    14   MARCH    1321-2. 

SEAL,  1301. — Defaced  ;  indication  of  two  bars  gemelles,  the  shield  in  a  cusped  panel,  bearing 
traces  of  foliage. 

NICHOLAI  :  D€  :  M€N 


NICHOLAS  DE  MEINILL  (and  Baron)  suc- 
ceeded his  father  2 7  Ed.  I.  (1298-9)  ;  served 
in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  summoned  to  attend 
musters  at  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  Roxburgh  (across  the  border),  and  at 
York  1300-22. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  WHERLETON  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1  by 
the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
indicated. 

Commanded  9  October  1311  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Newcastle  3  November  with  ten  men-at-arms  to 
perform  service  in  the  marches  (to  oppose  Bruce), 
receiving  pay  for  the  same.  Summoned  24  June  1312 
to  meet  the  King  at  Ponthell  or  Battle  Bridge  on  the 
28th  to  oppose  Bruce.  Commanded  20  February 
1313  to  continue  resident  in  his  country  for  the 
defence  thereof  against  the  Scots.  Chief  "  Gustos " 
10  August  1314  of  Clieveland  and  Blackhow-Moor, 
and  the  Wapentakes  of  Bulmer,  Ridal,  and  Bridford. 


Commanded  4  January  1315  to  continue  stationed  in 
the  marches  for  the  defence  thereof  against  the  Scots ; 
and  on  the  6th  to  assist  in  defending  the  counties 
beyond  Trent. 

One  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  informed  of  the 
invasion  of  the  Scots  1318,  and  empowered  25  October 
to  raise  his  men  and  tenants  in  the  county  of  York. 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  ap- 
peasing the  disturbances,  and  also  to  refrain  from 
attending  any  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies 
(this  in  reference  to  the  Despencers).  Ordered 
(12  November)  to  abstain  from  attending  the 
meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers "  illegally  convened  by 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster.  The 
battle  of  Boroughbridge  was  fought  17  March  1321-2. 
Commanded  10  June  1322  to  be  ready  to  join  the 
King's  forces  with  as  many  men  as  he  could  raise,  upon 
receiving  two  days'  notice.  He  died  s.p.l.  in  this  year. 


Authorities.  — Nicolas'     Synopsis, 
Writs,  I.,  734;  II.  div.  3,  1161. 


774«  ;      Parliamentary 


CORD    XXVI. 

(>)  John  oc  Xancastcr,  lore  of  iBnsoale. 
(45)  ibu0b  fits  t>cnr\>,  Xoro  of  'Favcnswortb. 
(4H)  jobn  t)e  (Brc^stoch,  Xoro  of  flDovpctb. 
(47)  iRooer  oe  1buntinoftcl^,  TLot^  of  Kra^nbain. 


DC  Hancaster,  lorD  of 

he  shicl. 
&   S'  :  IOHANNIS  :  O€  :  LON€CA3T€R. 

T  0!1N 

I  Kydal  //.   mtt.   C.ill>crt   l-p 

* 

1 

,  !  7. 

Ord. 

,   cm\Wf> 


. 
1  )u .  • 


liciitcnar 


***. 


JOHN  DE  IJINCASTER,   LORD  OF  GRISDALE. 


•  79 


3lo!)n  Ue  Lancaster,  lord  of  d&rts&ale. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   2Q   DECEMBER    1299   TO    12    DECEMBER    1309. 
SEAL,  1301.— Two  bars,  on  a  canton  a  passant  lyon  ;  the  shield  resting  on  three  lilies  of  France. 

ft    S'  :  IOHANNIS  :  D€  :  LON€CAST€R. 


JOHN  DE  LANCASTER,  of  Rydal,  in  Westmor- 
land (/.   Roger  of  Rydal//.   naf.   C.ilhert  Fitx- 
Reinfride),  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots, 
and  was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at   Norham 
1291,  and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,    York, 
and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1317. 

Ordered  to  muster  at  Portsmouth  i  September 
1294  for  service  in  Gascony.  Summoned  to  the 
parliament  or  Council  at  Salisbury  24  February  1 297, 
and  to  muster  at  London  in  July  for  service  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas  ;  the  King  embarked  for  Flanders 

Acompainiez  a  eel  gent 
Thomas  de  Moultone  fe  fu, 
Ky  avoit  baner  e  efcu 
De  argent,  o  treis  barres  de  goulys. 

Ses  armes  ne  furent  pas  foules 
D'efiente  en  le  apparellement ; 
Kar  teles  ot  refemblantment 
Johans  de  Langcastre  entre  meins, 
Mes  ke  en  lieu  de  une  barre  meins, 
Quartier  rouge  e  jaune  lupart. 


22  August.  Ordered  to  appear  (6  October)  cquit  et 
armis  at  a  military  Council  Injfore  Edward,  the  King's 
son  and  lieutenant  in  England,  but  discharged  from 
attendance  and  enjoined  24  Septemt>er  to  proceed 
forthwith  to  Scotland  to  join  the  forces  under  John 
de  Warren,  Earl  of  Surrey  and  Sussex  (sic).  Ordered 
14  November  to  place  himself  under  the  command  of 
Robert  de  Clyfford.  A  banneret  19  July  1299  pre- 
paring a  foray  on  the  Scots,  with  2  knights  and 
7  esquires  with  10  larded  horses.  He  was  one  of 
the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 

In  company  with  these  people 
Was  Thomas  de  Mutton,* 
Who  had  a  banner  and  shield 
Of  silver,  with  three  Ixirs  gules. 

His  arms  were  not  single 
In  character  and  design  ; 
For  such  as  resembled  them  had 
John  de  Lancaster  in  his  hands  ; 
But  who,  in  the  place  of  a  l>ar  less, 
Bore  a  red  quarter  with  a  yellow  leopard. 
*  See  page  86. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln  in  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE 
GRISDAI.K  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  1'ope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England,  and 
attached  his  seal  as  here  shown. 

Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself  ti/nis 
et  armis  and  all  his  forces,  under  the  command  of 
John  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland, 
who  was  defeated  at  Rosslyn  24  February.  Ordered 
5  April  1306  to  place  himself  under  the  command  of 
Henry  de  Percy,  the  King's  locum  tenens  on  the 
Scottish  borders.  In  1303  (31  Ed.  I.)  and  1306 
(34  Ed.  1.1  he  performed  his  service  in  Scotland  for 
two  knight's  fees. 

A  conservator  of  the  peace  for  Westmorland  1307. 
Commanded  26  October  1 309  to  repair  to  his  demesnes 
in  the  marches  in  order  to  defend  the  same  against 
the  Scots.  Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to 


attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  Septem- 
ber. Proffered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  and  a 
half,  [>erformed  by  three  "  servientes "  with  barded 
horses,  muster  .it  Tweedmouth  14  Octolic-r  1310. 

At  the  siege  of  Carlisle  30  November  1314  he  had 
50  men-at-arms  and  15  esquires  with  hobelers  and 
archers. 

As  one  ot  the  adherents  of  Thomas,  Earl  of 
I,ancaster,  he  obtained  a  pardon  i  November  1318  by 
consent  of  parliament  for  all  felonies  and  trespawes 
committed  by  him  up  to  the  ;th  August  then  last  past. 

A  commissioner  of  array  for  Westmorland  May 
1322,  named  as  a  banneret  (June).  Generally  sum 
moned  9  May  1324  to  attend  the  ('.real  Council  at 
\\  estminsteron  the  3Oth  :  said  to  have  died  in  1334. 

Authorities.— Dignity  of  a  I'eer.  4th  Report,  351:  I'mrlia- 
mentary  Writs,  I.,  694;  II.  <liv.  3,  1067;  C.S.I).  ;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  «1.  Wright,  3  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals, 
British  Museum,  11,368. 


i8o 


HUGH  FIT/.    HENRY. 


NEVER   SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301. —  Pretty  and  a  chief;  the  shield  suspended  from  a  trifurcated  bough. 

S'  :  H'  :  FIL'  :  H€NRICI. 


HUGH  FITZ  HENRY,  feudal  lord  of  Ravens- 
worth,  in  Richmondshire  (f.  Henry  Fitz 
Randolph),  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Welsh  and 
Scots. 

Summoned  to  perform  military  service  in  person 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  to  attend  the  muster 
at  Worcester  for  the  first  invasion  of  Wales  July  1277, 
and  five  years  after  for  the  second  invasion,  at  Wor- 
cester 17  May,  and  at  Rhuddlan  2  August  1282. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 
council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl 
of  Cornwall,  July  1291. 

Summoned  8  June  1294  with  about  sixty  other 
"  magnates "  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs 
of  the  realm,  and  (on  the  i4th)  excepted  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony.  Ordered  to  muster  for  service  against 


the  Scots  at  Norham  the  month  before,  at  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne  i  March  1296,  at  York  25  May  1298, 
at  Carlisle  24  June  1300,  and  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
24  June  1301. 

Though  he  was  not  summoned  to  the  parliament 
of  Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'N'S.  DE  RAVENSWORTH  in 
the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1 
by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of 
the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal 
as  shown. 

He  died  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  in  March  1303-4  ; 
his  son,  Henry  Fitz  Hugh,  was  summoned  to  parlia- 
ment 15  May  1321. 


Authorities. — Nicolas'     Synopsis,      77 \n  ;     Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.   602;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 

9.723- 


JOHN  DE   GREYSTOCK. 


181 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  AS  "A   BARON"   24  JUNE    1295   TO  22  JANUARY    1304-5. 

SEAL,  1301. — Three  lozenges  ;  the  shield  surmounted  of  a  trifurcatcd  bough,  and  on  cither 

side  a  wingless  wyvern. 

&   SIGILLVM  :  IOHANNIS  :  D€  :  GR6YSTOK. 


JOHN  DE  GREYSTOCK,  of  Greystqck,  in  Cum- 
berland, served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots  and 
was  summoned  to  musters  at  Norham,  June  1291, 
and  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York,  and 
Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1306. 

Summoned  8  June  1294  with  about  sixty  other 
"  magnates  "  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs 
of  the  realm,  and  on  the  i4th  was  excepted  from  the 
general  summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition 
into  Gascony.  Ordered  to  muster  at  London  7  July 
1297  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas.  The  King 
embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  of 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  D'n's.  L>E  MORPATH  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  i^oo-i  by  the 
Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown. 


Enjoined  20  January  1303  to  place  himself 
et  armis  and  all  his  forces,  under  the  command  of 
Johannes  de  Segrave,  the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scot- 
land, who  was  defeated  at  Rosslyn  24  February. 
Commanded  5  April  1306  to  serve  against  Brus, 
under  Henry  de  Percy,  the  King's  lieutenant  in 
Cumberland  and  Galloway,  &c. 

Having  sent  his  services  in  Scotland  for  two 
knight's  fees  28  Ed.  I.,  his  executors  obtained  writs  of 
exoneration  tested  at  Lincoln  10  February  1315-16. 
He  is  said  to  have  died  1305  6. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  Edmund  de  Stafford  and 
John  de  Greystock  afford  the  only  instances  of  a 
summons  to  parliament  by  the  style  of  Baron. 

Authorities.—  Nicolas'  Synopsis,  773/1  ;  Parliamentary 
Writs,  I.,  648;  II.  div.  3,956;  C.S.D.  ;  Arch-wlonia,  xxi., 
pt.  I,  219. 


182 


ROGER  DE  HUNTJNGFIELD, 


tie  $untingfiel&. 


NEVER   SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT. 

SEAL,  1301.  —  On  a  fess  three  roundles  ;  the  shield  suspended  by  a  strap,  on  either  side  a 
decorative  vvyvern,  sans  wings,  and  endorsed. 

^    S'  ROG€RI  :  D€  :  HVNTINGF6LD. 


ROGER  DE  HUNTINGFIELD  was  of  rare 
historic  descent,  for  William  his  father  was 
one  of  the  rebel  Barons  at  Evesham,  and  his  grand- 
father one  of  the  twenty-five  Barons  chosen  to  enforce 
the  Magna  Charta. 

Roger  was  summoned  8  June  1294  with  about 
sixty  other  "  magnates "  to  attend  the  King  upon 
urgent  affairs  of  the  realm,  and  on  the  i4th  he  was 
excepted  from  the  general  summons  to  serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Ordered  to  muster 
at  Portsmouth  i  September  1 294  and  again  in  July 
1297  for  service  against  the  King  of  France  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury,  Sunday 
24  February  1296-7,  and  to  appear  8  September 
following  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  at 


Rochester  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and  lieu- 
tenant in  England. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
i  March  1296  and  6  December  1297,  at  York  25 
May  1298,  at  Carlisle  24  June  1300,  and  at  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed  24  June  1301. 

Though  not  summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Lincoln,  he  joined  as  DVs.  DE  BRADENHAM  in  the 
letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  12  February  1300-1  by 
the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the 
"Communitas"  of  England,  and  attached  his  seal  as 
shown. 

Authorities. — Nicolas'  Synopsis,  141;*,  242;;,  77 1«  ;  Par- 
liamentary Writs,  I., 677;  Bankes'  Bar.  Aug. Cone.  Archreologia, 
xxi. ,  pt.  I,  222;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British 
Museum,  10,927. 


THE    EIGHT    BARONS 

Whose  seals  do  not  appear  to  have  been  affixed  to  either  copy  of 
the  Letter;  they  were  not  in  existence  when  the  copy  (B)  was 
made  by  command  of  Thomas  Earl  of  Arundel  in  1611 — he  became 
Earl  Marshal  29  Aug.  1621.  These  Barons  are  named  as  parties  to 
the  Letter,  and  all  of  them  were  summoned  to  the  Parliament  at 
Lincoln  :— 

IRobcrt  Jfit3  "Roger. 
"Koficr  la  UQarre. 
3obn  fce  •Riparits. 
•Ralph  piparfc. 
3obn  £n0at>ne. 
3obn  HP  Hfcam. 
•Ricbolas  DC  Searave. 
3obn  &e  X'tsle. 


ROBERT  I-IT/.    ROGER. 


185 


iaobert  jftts  IRoger. 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT   2   NOVEMItEK    1295   TO   26  OCTOIIER    1309. 

ARMS,   1298. -Porte   esquartelc   dor   et  dc  goules   a   un   baston   dc  sable.— Falkirk  Roll. 
Quarterly  or  and  gules,  a  baston  sable. 


ROBERT  FITZ  ROGER,  lord  of  Clavering,  in 
Essex,  of  Warkworth,  Northumberland,  and 
of  Horsford,  Norfolk  (//.  Roger  Fitz  John,  of  the 
same),  was  in  ward  to  William  de  Valence,  half- 
brother  to  the  King. 

One  of  the  "  magnates  "  present  in  the  Council 
held  at  Westminster  12  November  1276  on  judg- 
ment being  given  against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales. 
Ordered  to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester  July  1277 
for  the  first  Welsh  invasion,  again  at  Worcester  1 7  May, 
and  at  Rhuddlan  August  1282  (also  at  Montgomery 
May  1283)  for  the  second  invasion,  when  he 
acknowledged  the  service  of  eight  knight's  fees  and 
performed  the  same.  Summoned  to  the  parliament 
at  Shrewsbury  30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of 
David,  brother  of  Lewelin.  The  writ  (28  June)  re- 
cites the  misdeeds,  trespasses,  and  death  of  Lewelin. 

A  benefactor  to  Balliol  College,  Oxford,  January 
1287  8;  ^20  yearly  secured  on  his  lands  in 
Buckingham,  Northumberland,  sic. 

Summoned  to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military 


Council  to  be  held  at  Gloucester  before  Edmund, 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  July  1287.  Excepted  14  June 
1294  from  the  general  summons  to  serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony.  Enrolled  24  Ed- 
ward I.  ( 1 296)  for  the  defence  of  the  sea  coast  as  a 
knight  holding  lands  within  the  county  of  Essex  but 
non-resident  in  the  county.  Ordered  to  serve  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas  and  to  muster  at  London  July 
1297.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 
Summoned  to  a  military  Council  before  Edward, 
the  King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England,  July  1297, 
again  at  Rochester  8  September  ei/nis  et  armis,  and 
on  the  3<3th  also  at  London. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Norham  June  1291,  and  at 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Carlisle,  York,  and  Berwick  - 
upon-Tweed  1296  1309.  One  of  the  captains  of 
the  Scottish  marches  (October  and  November)  1297. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and 
was  among  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle 
1 1  July  1300. 


Le  bon  Robert  le  Fiz  Roger 
Vi-je  fa  baniere  arenger 
Lez  cele  au  Conte  en  cele  alee, 
De  or  e  de  rouge  efquartelee 
O  un  bende  tainte  en  noir. 

La  Johan  fon  filz  son  hoir, 
Ky  de  Claveringhe  a  furnoun 
Ne  eftoit  diverfe  de  rien  noun, 
Fors  de  un  label  vert  foulement. 


The  good  Robert  Fit/  Roger 
Saw  I  range  his  banner 
With  that  of  the  Earl  in  that  march 
It  was  quarterly  of  gold  and  red 
With  a  bend  coloured  black. 

That  of  John  his  son  and  heir, 
Who  has  the  surname  of  Clavering, 
Was  not  at  all  different. 
Excepting  only  a  green  label. 


The  King's  lieutenant  in  Northumberland  1300. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  UE 
CLAVERINC.  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their 
part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  Eng- 
land ;  but  the  impression  of  his  seal  was  not  in 
existence  in  1611. 

Accompanied  Sir  John  de  Segrave  in  a  foray 
from  Berwick  August  -  September  1 302.  On 


20  January  he  was  enjoined  to  place  himself,  with 
horses  and  arms  and  all  his  forces,  under  de  Scgr.u . . 
the  King's  lieutenant  in  Scotland ;  defeated  at 
Rosslyn  24  February.  Ordered  <;  April  (1303)  with 
Walter  de  Huntercombe  to  lead  1,000  men  from 
Northumberland  to  join  the  King  at  Roxburgh. 
Engaged  (26  March  1306)  with  Sir  Alex,  de 
Clavering  and  Sir  Will.  Rydell,  with  "potent" 
men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  of  Northumberland, 
Westmorland,  and  Cumberland,  in  keeping  down  the 


1 86 


ROBERT  FITZ  ROGER.— ROGER  LA    WAR  RE. 


King's  enemies  and  rebels  in  Scotland.  14  April 
captain  of  the  Northumberland  stipendiaries.  Or- 
dered 5  April  to  serve  under  de  Valence,  who 
defeated  the  Scots  at  Methven,  near  Perth,  19  June. 

Performed  service  28  Edward  I.  (1300)  for  six 
knight's  fees,  and  obtained  a  grant  from  the  King 
of  his  scutage  in  the  following  year.  He  performed 
the  same  34  Edward  I.  (1306). 

Summoned   (18   January)  to   attend   the  King's 


Coronation  25  February  1308.  One  of  the  fifteen 
"  Ordainers  "  chosen  by  the  Committee  of  six.  All 
sworn  in  the  Painted  Chamber  20  March  1310. 

Writ  of  diem  clausit  extremum,  dated  at  Wood- 
stock 29  April,  3  Edward  II.,  1310,  Johannes  de 
Clavering  his  son  and  heir. 

Authorities.  —Parliamentary  Writs,  I.  ,610  ;  II.  div.  3,  873  ; 
C.S.D.  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  131  ;  Roll  of  Caer- 
laverock,  ed.  Wright,  4. 


ftoget  la  2Harre. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    l6  JUNE    1311. 
ARMS  at  Caerlaverock,  see  below. — Gules,  crusily  fitchee  and  a  lyon  rampant  argent. 


ROGER  LA  WARR,  of  Isfield,  Sussex  (or 
Yffield,  in  Suffolk,  of  which  Roger  was 
seised),  held  lands  also  at  Wickwarr,  in  Gloucester- 
shire, &c. 

In  1278  he  was  returned  from  the  county  of 
Sussex  as  holding  one  entire  knight's  fee  either  in 
capite  or  by  mesne  tenure,  and  as  such  distrained  to 
receive  knighthood.  Ordered  to  muster  at  Worcester 
May  1282  for  service  in  person  in  the  second  in- 
vasion into  Wales.  Summoned  to  appear  equis  et 
armis  at  a  military  Council  at  Gloucester  before 
Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  July  1287. 

He  was  one  of  sixty  "  magnates "  summoned 
8  June  1294  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs 
of  the  realm,  and  excepted  (i4th)  from  the  general 


Rogers  de  la  Ware  ovec  eus, 
Uns  chevalers  fagis  e  preus, 
Ki  les  armes  ot  vermellettis, 
O  blonc  lyoun  e  croiffellettes. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  ISEFELD  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  but  the  im- 
pression of  his  seal  was  not  in  existence  in  1611. 

Ordered  to  appear  in  the  Exchequer  at  York 
(July  1305)  prepared  and  ready  to  proceed  as  the 
King's  ambassador  to  the  Court  of  Rome.  Sum- 
moned (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's  Coronation 
25  February  1308. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September  follow- 
ing. On  15  July  1311  he  was  also  requested  to 
proceed  against  the  Scots  with  as  many  followers  as 
he  could  raise.  Bruce  was  then  preparing  to  ravage 
the  north. 


summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony  ;  said  to  have  been  captain  of  the  forces  in 
Gascony  1295. 

Enrolled  (1296)  for  the  defence  of  the  sea  coast, 
as  a  knight  holding  lands  within  the  Rape  of 
Pevensey;  generally  summoned  to  serve  equis  et 
armis  in  parts  beyond  the  seas  ;  and  to  muster  at 
London  July  1297.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August.  Governor  of  the  Castle  of  Burgh 
1298. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was 
summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle,  York, 
Berwick-upon-Tweed,  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  and  at 
Roxburgh,  across  the  border,  1299-1319  ;  one  of  the 
besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  u  July  1300. 


With  them  was  Roger  de  la  Ware, 
A  wise  and  valiant  knight, 
Whose  arms  were  vermilion, 
With  a  white  lyon  and  crosslets. 


Obtained  his  writ  of  scutage  for  service  sent 
28,  31  and  34  Ed.  I.  in  respect  of  the  lands  of 
Thomas  de  Grele  deceased,  25  June  1315. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign 
consequent  upon  the  invasion  of  the  Bishopric  and 
the  unsuccessful  siege  of  Carlisle.  As  one  of  the 
"  Majores  Barones  "  he  is  informed  of  the  invasion 
by  the  Scots  1318.  In  response  to  summons  to 
serve  in  person  against  the  Scots  he  is  returned  by 
the  Sheriff  of  Rutland  20  June  1322  as  "very  unwell 
and  quite  unable  to  serve,  but  will  send  his  son  John 
in  his  stead." 


Authorities Dignity  of  a   Peer,   4th   Report,   351  ;    Par- 
liamentary  Writs,   I.,   894;  II.  div.    3,    1582;   Roll   of 
laverock,  eii.  Wright,  7 


/"//.V   /)£  R/PAR/IS.—SJK  KAl.l'H  /'/I'AK1>. 

3)ol)n  DC  Biparus, 

SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO   26  AUGUST    1307. 

ARMS,  1298.— Porte  mafcli  dor  et  de  goules—  b'alkirk  Roll.     Masculy  3,2,  i,  gules.     Seal 
attached  to  Harleian  Charters,  55  D.  24,  25,  26. 


JOHN     RIVERS    or    de    Ripariis,     of    Aungre 
(Ongar),  in  Essex,  was  excepted  (14  June  1294) 
from  the  general  summons  to   serve  with  the 
King's  expedition  into  Gascony.     Enrolled  24  Ed.  I. 
(1296)  for  the  sea  coast  as  a  non-resident  knight, 
holding  lands  in  the  county  of  Essex. 


Served  in  the  Scottish  wars,  and  was  summoned  to 
attend  musters  at  <  'arlislc,  York  and  Berwick-upon- 
Twced  1299-1306.  He  fought  at  the  battle  of 
Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was  one  of  the  besiegers 
of  Caerlaverock  Castle  n  July  1300. 


Johans  de  Riviers  le  appareil 
Ot  mascle  de  or  e  de  vermeil 
E  par  tant  compare  le  a  on 
Au  bon  Morice  de  Croon. 


John  de  Rivers  had  his  caparisons 
Mascally  of  gold  and  vermilion  ; 
And  therefore  similar  to  those 
Of  the  good  Maurice  de  Creon. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  JOH'S  DE  RIPAR,' 
D'N'S.  DE  ANGRE,  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed 
to  the  Pope  (12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well 
on  their  part  as  on  the  part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of 


England,  but  the  impression  of  his  seal  was  not  in 
existence  in  1611. 


Autkoritits. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  803  ;  Scotland  in 
1298,  Falkirk,  150;  Koll  of  Cacrlaveruck,  eJ.  Wright,  n; 
Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum,  13,008-13,011. 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO  24  JULY    1302. 

ARMS,  1298. — Porte  dargent  a  deux  fesses  et  le  cauntel  dafur  et  en  le  cauntel  un  quintcfoil 
dor  -Falkirk  Roll.     Argent,  "  une  fess  et  demi,"  and  on  a  canton  azure  a  cinquefoylc  or. 


RALPH  PIPARI),  of  Rotherfield  Pipard,  Oxon, 
is  said  to  be  a  younger  son  of  Ralph  Fitz 
Nicholas,  steward  of  the  household  of  Hen.  III. 
Was  in  Ireland  1277  when  Radulphus  Dyne,  knight, 
John  de  Kingeston  (page  159)  and  William  Paret 
"  servientes  "  proffered,  on  his  behalf,  the  service  of 
two  knight's  fees  in  Twyford,  for  the  expedition 
against  Lewelin,  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the  musters  at 
Worcester  and  Carmarthen  in  July.  The  King 
transferred  this  service  at  the  request  of  John  Giffard 
le  Boef  to  Edmund,  Earl  of  Lancaster.  Ordered  to 
muster  at  Worcester  17  May  1282  for  the  second 
invasion  of  Wales,  and  again  at  Montgomery  in  May 
1 283  for  service  against  the  Welsh.  He  acknowledges 
the  service  of  two  knight's  fees  performed  in  the 
"  comitiva "  of  the  Earl  of  Cornwall,  by  the  King's 
command.  Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Shrews- 
bury 30  September  1283  for  the  trial  of  David, 
brother  of  Lewelin.  The  writ  (28  June)  recites  the 
misdeeds,  trespasses  and  death  of  Lewelin.  Ordered 
to  appear  equis  et  armis  at  a  military  Council  at 
Gloucester  before  Edmund,  Earl  of  Cornwall,  July 
1287. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury  24  Feb- 
ruary 1296-7  ;  and  ordered  to  muster  at  London  in 
July  1 297  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas ;  the  King 


embarked  for  Flanders  22  August.  Summoned  to 
appear  8  and  22  September  following  ti/uis  et  armii  at 
a  military  Council  at  Rochester  before  Edward,  the 
King's  son  and  lieutenant  in  England.  Ordered  to 
attend  the  muster  for  sen-ice  in  Flanders  at  Sandwich 
in  December,  and  at  London  on  2  January  1297-8. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots.  Summonnl  to 
attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Nottingham, 
York,  Carlisle,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1296-1303. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  UK  LINFORD  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  but  the  im- 
pression of  his  seal  was  not  in  existence  in  1611. 

Governor  of  Bolsover  and  Hareston  Castles  in 
Derbyshire  1302.  Performed  military  service  28  Ed.  I. 
1300  for  two  knight's  fees,  for  which  Ralph  le  Botiler 
and  Emma  his  wife  afterwards  obtained  exoneration. 
In  consequence  of  his  death  his  lands  and  tenements 
were  seised  into  the  King's  hands  20  June  1302. 


Authorities.  —  Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  784;  II.  diT.  3, 
1294;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  155  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue 
of  Seals,  British  Museum,  12,652-7. 

A  A 


i88 


JOHN  DE  ENGA  YNE.—JOHN  AP  ADAM. 


3Jol)n  tie  Cngapne. 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9   TO    IS    MAY    1321. 

ARMS,  1298.— Porte  de  goules  od  la  croyz  patee  dor— Falkirk  Roll.     Gules,  crusily  and  a 
fess  dancettee  or. 


JOHN  ENGAYNE,   01   Pytchley,    in   Northamp- 
tonshire, and  Dillington,  in  Hunts.     Performed 
homage    for    his    father's    lands    17    February 
(25  Ed.  I.)  1296-7  ;  summoned  to  the  parliament  at 
Salisbury  on  the   24th,  and   ordered    to    muster  at 
London  in  July  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas. 
The  King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 


Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  was  sum- 
moned to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
York,  Carlisle,  and  Berwick-upon-Tweed  1297-1322. 
Fought  at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298,  and  was 
one  of  the  besiegers  of  Caerlaverock  Castle  1 1  July 
1300. 


Johans  de  Engaigne  le  ot  jolie, 
Rouge  dance  de  or  croiffillie. 


John  de  Engaigne  had  a  handsome  one 
Of  red  crusily,  with  a  dancette  of  gold, 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  COLUMB  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas  "  of  England,  but  the  im- 
pression of  his  seal  was  not  in  existence  in  1611. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-on-Tweed  8  September.  Ordered 
in  July  1311  to  proceed  with  as  many  followers  as  he 
could  raise  against  the  Scots,  who  were  ravaging  the 
north  under  Bruce. 

Having  sent  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  28  Ed.  I., 
and  having  made  fine  for  one  knight's  fee  and  the 
twelfth  part  of  one  knight's  fee  31  Ed.  I.,  he  obtained 
his  writ  of  exoneration  29  May  1315. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign,  in 
consequence  of  the  invasion  of  the  Bishopric  and  the 


unsuccessful  siege  of  Carlisle  22  July  to  i  August. 
As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  was  informed 
in  June  1318  of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots.  One  of 
the  conservators  of  the  peace  for  Hunts  1320. 

Ordered  12  November  1321  to  abstain  from 
attending  the  meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally 
convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at 
Doncaster.  Enjoined  6  February  following  to  raise 
as  many  men-at-arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he  could,  and 
(i4th)  to  muster  at  Coventry  on  the  28th  for  the  pur- 
pose of  marching  against  the  rebels  or  adherents  of 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster.  The  battle  of  Boroughbridge 
was  fought  17  March  1321-2. 


Aitthorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  583;  II.  div.  3, 
812  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  144;  Roll  of  Caerlaverock, 
ed.  Wright,  13  ;  Dr.  Birch's  Catalogue  of  Seals,  British  Museum, 
9,471-4. 


3Jot)n 

SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   6   FEBRUARY    1298-9  TO    13    DECEMBER    1309. 

ARMS,  1298.  —  Porte  dargent  od  la  croyz  de  goules  od  v  moletz  dor  en  la  croyz  —  Falkirk  Roll. 
Argent,  on  a  cross  gules  five  mullets  or. 


SIR  JOHN  AP  ADAM,  a  marcher  lord,  and  in 
right  of  his  wife  held  the  lordships  of  Bever- 
stone,  county  Gloucester,  and  of  Barrow  Gurney  and 
of  East  Harptree  in  Somersetshire. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Salisbury 
24  February  1296-7,  and  in  July  to  the  muster  at 
London  for  service  in  parts  beyond  the  seas.  The 
King  embarked  for  Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  York,  Carlisle,  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed,  and  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  1298-1310.  Fought 
at  the  battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298. 

Summoned  to  the  parliament  at  Lincoln,  St. 
Hilary  13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'N'S.  DE  BEVER- 
STONE  he  joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope 
(12  February)  by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part 


as  on  the  part  of  the  "Communitas"  of  England, 
but  the  impression  of  his  seal  was  not  in  existence 
in  1611. 

He  was  one  of  the  Conservators  of  the  Peace  in 
Gloucestershire  1307,  and  was  summoned  (18  January) 
to  attend  the  Coronation  of  the  King  in  Westminster 
Abbey  25  February  1307-8. 

Earnestly  requested  2  August  1310  to  attend  the 
muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed  8  September.  Prof 
fered  the  service  of  one  knight's  fee  and  a  half 
performed  by  three  "  servientes "  with  three  barded 
horses. 

Said  to  have  died  in  1310. 


Authorities. — Parliamentary   Writs,    I.,   421  ;    II.   div. 
419  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  146. 


NICHOLAS  DE  SEC  RAVE. 


189 


DC 


SUMMONED  TO   PARLIAMENT  24  JUNE    1295   TO   25    MAY    1321. 

ARMS,  1298.  —  Porte  de  sable  a  un  Icon  dargent  coronne  dor  a  les  lambcaux  dc  goulcs  — 
Falkirk  Roll.     Sable,  a  lyon  argent  crowned  or,  a  labell  (3)  gules.* 


NICHOLAS  DE  SEGRAVE,  of  Barton 
Segrave,  in  Northamptonshire  (f.z  Nicholas, 
lord  Segrave),  was  ordered  to  muster  at  London  July 
1297  equis  et  armis  for  service  in  person  in  parts 
beyond  the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for  Flanders 
22  August.  Summoned  30  September  to  a  council 
or  parliament  held  before  Edward,  the  King's  son  and 
lieutenant  in  England. 


Warden  of  the  Castles  of  Dumbarton  and  Ayr  in 
1291.  He  served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and 
was  summoned  to  attend  musters  at  Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne,  Carlisle,  York,  Berwick-upon-Tweed,  and  Rox- 
burgh across  the  border  1298-1319;  fought  at  the 
battle  of  Falkirk  22  July  1298;  was  in  the  train  of 
and  deputy  to  the  Constable  at  the  siege  of  Caerlaverock 
Castle  (i  i  July  1300). 


Nicholas  de  Segrave  o  li, 

Valiant  pere  ot,  ki  getta  puer 
Les  garbes  e  le  lyon  prift, 

Cil  ot  la  baner  fon  pere, 
Au  label  rouge  por  fon  frere 
Johan,  ki  li  ainfnez  eftoit, 
E  ki  entiere  la  portoit. 

O  un  lyonn  de  argent  en  sable 
Rampant,  e  de  or  fin  couronne 
Fu  la  baner  del  ainfne. 


Summoned  to  the  parliament  of  Lincoln,  St.  Hilary 
13-20  January  1300-1,  and  as  D'x's.  UE  STOWE  he 
joined  in  the  letter  addressed  to  the  Pope  (12  Feb- 
ruary) by  the  Barons,  as  well  on  their  part  as  on  the 
part  of  the  "  Communitas "  of  England,  but  the 
impression  of  his  seal  was  not  in  existence  in  1611. 

Although  his  challenge  to  John  de  Cromwell, 
who  accused  him  of  treason,  was  forbidden,  he 
crossed  the  sea  to  effect  his  purpose.  On  his  return 
by  way  of  Dover,  the  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports 
arrested  him  in  the  house  of  one  Nicholas  Archer  ; 
he  was,  however,  rescued  by  the  "  Barons  "  of  Dover. 
On  his  ultimate  submission  to  parliament  28  February 
1304-5  he  was  sent  to  the  Tower,  and  pronounced 
by  the  "  magnates  "  worthy  of  death.  He  was  soon 
pardoned  and  restored  to  favour,  and  so  took  part  in 
Edward's  final  campaign  against  Robert  Bruce. 

Summoned  (18  January)  to  attend  the  King's 
Coronation  25  February  1308.  He  was  one  of  the 
four  "  magnates  "  who  supported  Gaveston,  and  was 
therefore  included  among  those  bad  counsellors 


With  him  was  Nicholas  de  Segrave, 

He  had  a  valiant  father,  who  wholly  abandoned 
The  garbs  and  assumed  the  lyon  ; 

Nicholas  used  his  father's  banner, 

With  a  red  label,  on  account  of  his  brother 

John,t  who  was  the  eldest, 

And  who  bore  it  entire. 

Sable,  with  a  silver  lyon 
Rampant,  crowned  with  fine  gold, 
Was  the  banner  of  the  eldest. 


whom  Edward  promised  to  remove  in  August  1308. 
Governor  of  Northampton  Castle  1308  ;  his  appoint- 
ment of  Marshal  of  England  1 2  March  1 308,  on  the 
death  of  Roger  Bigod,  led  to  the  quarrel  with  William 
le  Marshall  (page  150).  Earnestly  requested  2  August 
1310  to  attend  the  muster  at  Berwick-upon-Tweed 
8  September. 

Commanded    15    June    1311    to    abstain   from 

*  The  compiler  of  the  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Seal* 
unwarily  ascribes  the  Counter  Seal  of  Robert  de  Haslangs  to 
this  de  Segrave.  Under  the  compiler's  inspiration,  the 
Ancestor,  No.  8,  p.  103  note,  "after  its  wonted  fashion, 
carelessly  and  wrongly"  bolls  the  blunder,  and  brilliantly 
explains  an  ingenious  mare's  nest  of  its  own  construction  by 
ascribing  this  Counter  Seal  to  a  man  who  not  only  never  used 
it,  but  did  not  even  seal  the  Barons'  letter  as  alleged.  This 
proves,  if  need  be,  the  Ancestor's  indebtedness  to  the 
Catalogue,  which  it  discreetly  suppresses,  and  that  the  seals 
themselves  if  seen  at  all  by  it  have  been  seen  to  very  little 
purpose,  for  the  Ancestor  had  quite  innocently  deprived 
Haslangs  of  his  undoubted  Counter  Seal.  See  also  Notes  to 
de  Tony,  p.  115  ;  Tregoz,  p.  155  ;  and  Hastings,  p.  161. 

f  See  page  in. 


190 


NICHOLAS  DE  SEGKA  VE-SIR  JOHN  DE   LISLE. 


repairing  to  Norwich  in  the  quarrel  between  Henry 
de  Segrave  and  Walter  de  Bernyngham.  Peremp- 
torily commanded  5  July  to  desist  from  such  acts  of 
violence  as  assembling  an  armed  force  at  Bury  St. 
Edmund's  to  march  on  Norwich.  Prohibited  20  July 
from  attacking  William  le  Mareschal  in  consequence 
of  dissensions  between  them,  and  from  proceeding  to 
parliament  with  an  armed  force  (8)  August.  Had 
licence  to  castellate  his  manor  house  of  Barton 
Segrave  in  this  year. 

Requested  30  August  1315  to  continue  stationed 
in  the  northern  parts  during  the  winter  campaign 
consequent  upon  the  invasion  of  the  bishopric 
and  the  unsuccessful  siege  of  Carlisle  by  the  Scots 
22  July  to  i  August. 

Segrave,  tired  of  Edward's  policy,  attached  him- 
self to  the  Barons  under  Lancaster,  and  in  1317  his 
apprehension  was  ordered,  but  cancelled  in  Septem- 
ber. Letters  of  protection  were  granted  him  25  Sep- 


tember 1317  until  St.  Hilary  (13-20  January)  1318 
being  one  of  the  followers  of  the  Earl  of  Lancaster, 
and  again  on  22  October  1318  up  to  7  August  last. 
As  one  of  the  "  Majores  Barones  "  he  was  informed 
of  the  invasion  of  the  Scots  June  1318,  and  served 
against  them  with  Earl  Thomas  of  Lancaster. 

Requested  21  April  1321  to  co-operate  in  ap- 
peasing the  disturbances,  and  also  to  refrain  from 
attending  any  illegal  confederacies  or  assemblies,  in 
connection  with  the  Despencers.  Ordered  12  No- 
vember following  to  abstain  from  attending  the 
meeting  of  the  "  Good  Peers  "  illegally  convened  by 
the  Earl  of  Lancaster  to  be  held  at  Doncaster.  His 
arms  were  also  entered  on  the  Boroughbridge  Roll 
March  1321-2. 

He  died  in  1322. 

Authorities. — Parliamentary  Writs,  I.,  832;  II.  div.  3, 
1416 ;  C.S.I).  ;  Scotland  in  1298,  Falkirk,  133 ;  Roll  of 
Caerlaverock,  ed.  Wright,  4. 


tie 


SUMMONED   TO   PARLIAMENT   AS   JOHN   DE   INSULA   29   DECEMBER    1299. 

ARMS.—  Or,  a  fess  between  two  chevrons  sable  ;  ascribed  to  Robert  de  Lisle  in  the  St.  George 
Roll,  temp.  H.  III.  ;    the  chevrons  gules,  in  the  Cotton  Roll. 


JOHN  DE  LISLE,  of  Wodeton  [Wotton],  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  which  he  held  in  demesne  of 
Isabella  de  Fortibus,  Countess  of  Devon  and 
lady  of  the  island.  Governor  of  Carisbrook  Castle 
1267.  Summoned  to  attend  the  muster  at  Worcester 
May  1282  for  service  in  the  second  invasion  of  Wales. 

Summoned  8  June  1294  with  about  sixty  other 
"  magnates  "  to  attend  the  King  upon  urgent  affairs 
of  the  realm,  and  (i4th)  excepted  from  the  general 
summons  to  serve  with  the  King's  expedition  into 
Gascony,  but  ordered  to  muster  at  Plymouth  Novem- 
ber 1295,  and  at  London  July  1297,  to  serve  in 
parts  beyond  the  seas.  The  King  embarked  for 
Flanders  22  August. 

Served  in  the  wars  with  the  Scots,  and  summoned 
to  attend  musters  at  Carlisle  and  York  in  1299,  1300, 
and  24  June  1301  under  Edward,  Prince  of  Wales. 

Summoned   to   the    parliament   of    Lincoln,    St. 


Hilary  13-20  Janu- 
ary 1300-1,  and  as 
D'N'S.  DE  WODETON 
he  joined  in  the  letter 
addressed  to  the 
Pope  (12  February) 
by  the  Barons,  as 
well  on  their  part  as 
on  the  part  of  the 
"  Communitas  "  of 
England ;  but  the  im- 
pression of  his  seal 
was  not  in  existence  in  1611. 

Writ  of  diem  dausit  extremum  dated  at  Stirling 
10  June,  32  Ed.  I.,  1304. 


Authorities. — Dignity  of  a  Peer,  4th  Report,  356  ;   Parlia- 
mentary Writs,  I.,  708. 


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Howard  de  Walden,  Thomas 
5896         Evelyn  Scott-Ellis,  8th  Baron 
A1H68  Some  feudal  lords  and   their 

seals